• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.297-301
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• 1997

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of CJ-50001 (recombinant human granulocytecolony stimulating factor), 3 sets of mutagenicity tests were performed. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, CJ-50001 did not increase the number of revertant at any of the concentration tested in this study (500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$ plate). CJ-50001, at the doses of 200, 100 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$ /ml, did not increase the number of cells having structural or numerical chromosome aberration in cytogenetic test using Chinese Hamster Lung cells. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in ICR male mice intraperitoneally administered with CJ-50001 at the doses of 5, 2.5 and 1.25 mg/kg. These results indicate that CJ-50001 has no mutagenic potential in these in vitro and in vivo systems.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.621-629
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• 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of GST (Gamisasangja-tang). For examining genotoxicity, we carried out bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, micronucleus induction test according to OECD guidelines. Bacterial reverse mutation assay: In GST treating group, regardless of existence S9 mix, revertant colonies counts appeared to be less than twice of negative control group and dose dependent increase. In positive control group, revertant colonies counts were shown to be more than twice of negative control croup. Chromosome aberration assay: All cell line showed repetition rate of abnormal chromosome aberration less than 5%, regardless of treating time, existence of S9 mix, and no significant change ($p{\succeq}0.05$) compared with negative control group. Micronucleus induction test: Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) repetition rate of Polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) showed no significant changes compared with negative control group ($p{\succeq}0.05$). PCE portion of total erythrocytes also showed no significant changes ($p{\succeq}0.05$). Our results showed that GST didn't induce any genotoxicity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.338-338
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• 1994

The present study was designed to compare the effects of d-1 imonene and cineole on the benzo(a) pyrene (BP)-induced mutagenicity, BP metabol ism and lipid peroxidation. Modified Ames assay was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of d-1 imonene and cineole on the BP-induced mutagenici ty. The number of revertant-bearing wet Is was decreased by 44∼77% in the presence of both BP and d-1 imonene compared with that of BP alone wherease cineole decreased the nutter of revertant-bearing wet Is by 28∼45% at the concentrations between 2${\mu}$M and 2mM. d-Limonene suppressed BP metsbolism by 16, 26 and 55% at the same concentrations. The EC$\_$50/ values for d-1 imonene and cineole in inhibiting lipid peroxidation were 2.0 mM and 16mM respectively, as assayed by thiobarbituric acid method. The pre sent study showed that d-1 imonene and cineole have common ant imutagenic effects although d-1 imonene appeared to be more effective than cineole in suppressing mutation and lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that the antimutagenic effects of d-1 imonene and cineole nay be associated with alternation in enzyme activities and with inhibition of lipid pero xidation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1993

It has been reported that d-limonene inhibits chemical-induced rat mammary cancer by the mechanism of increases in detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases and that cineole fails to exhibit significant suppressive effect on chemical-induced carcinogenesis. The present study was designed to compare the effects of d-limonene and cineole on the benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-induced mutagenicity, BP metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Modified Ames assay was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of d-limonene and cineole on the BP-induced mutagenicity. The number of revertant-bearing wells was decreased by 44~77% in the presence of both BP and d-limonene compared with that of BP alone whereas cineole decreased the number of revertant-bearing wells by 28~45% at the concentrations between $2{\mu}m$m.TEX> and 2 mM. d-Limonene suppressed BP metabolism by 16, 54 and 67% at 1, 10 and 100 mM, respectively while cineole inhibited the metabolism by 16, 26 and 55% at the same concentrations. The $EC_{50}$ values for d-limonene and cineole in inhibiting lipid peroxidation were 2.0 mM and 16 mM respectively, as assayed by thiobarbituric acid method. The present study showed that d-limonene and cineole have common antimutagenic effects although d-limonone appeared to be more effective than cineole in suppressing mutation and lipid peroxidation. The results suggest that the antimutagenic effects of d-limonene and cineole may be associated with alternation in enzyme activities and with inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of Litsea japonica fruit-hexane extract (LJF-HE). In order to examine the genotoxicity, we carried out bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, and a micronucleus induction (MN) test according to the OECD and the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) toxicity test guidelines. In the bacterial reverse mutation assay, no significant increase in revertant colonies, nor bacterial toxicity, was observed in the LJF-HE treatment group, regardless of the absence or presence of metabolic activation by the S9 mixture. However, in the positive control group, revertant colony counts were shown to be more than twice that of the negative control group. The chromosome aberration test showed that the repetition rate of abnormal chromosome aberration was less than 5%, regardless of the treatment time, and with or without the S9 mixture. No significant change was observed when (p < 0.05) compared with the negative control group. The micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) repetition rate of the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) showed no significant changes when compared with the negative control group (p < 0.05). The PCE portion of total erythrocytes also showed no significant changes (p < 0.05). These results showed that LJF-HE had no significant genotoxic effects.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-300
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• 2007

Objectives : The genotoxicity of extract of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang", a polyherbal formula has been used as a tonic agents in oriental medicine was tested. Methods : Extract of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" was tested by In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test according to OECD Guidelines and KFDA Guidelines [2005-60]. Results : The obtained results were as follows: 1. Chromosome Aberration Test: No significant changes in the number of aberrant metaphases having structural and number of aberrations were detected in all concentrations of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts treated in this study. 2. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay: No significant increases in the number of revertant colonies compared to its negative control were detected in all concentrations of "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts treated in this study against all 5 strains except for $50{\mu}g/ml$ treated group where significantly decreases in colony numbers were detected agains all five strains used in this study as pharmacological effects not genotoxicity. 3. Micronucleus test: No significant changes in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes among 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to negative control were detected in all "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts-dosing groups tested. Conclusions : From above-mentioned results, it is concluded that "Hyeonggaeyeongyotang" extracts have not any genotoxicity against In Vitro Chromosome Aberration Test, Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay and Micronucleus test.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 1998

Mutagenicity of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) was examined in the reverse mutation test on bacteria, in the chromosomal aberration test on cultured mammalian cells and in the micronucleus test on mice. The reverse mutation test was performed by a plate incorporation method with or wothout a metabolic activation system (59 Mix) using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TA 1537. The rhEPO did not significantly increase revertant colonies in any of the test strains under any conditions at dose levels ranging from 1000 H/ml to 62.5 lu/plate, compared with the vehicle control. In the chromosomal aberration test using cultured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells, the number of aberrant cells was not increased in the presence or absence of 59 Mix at concentrations of 1000 lU/ml to 250 lU/ml, compared with the vehicle control. In the micronucleus test, male ICR mice were given rhEPO intraperitoneally at a dose level of 25000, 12500 and 6250 lU/kg. The incidence of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was not different from that of the vehicle control. From these results, rhEPO is considered to be non-mutagenic under the present test conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.633-645
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• 2015

This study investigates the genotoxicity of crude antifungal compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum AF1 (L.plantarum AF1) and Lactobacillus plantarum HD1 (L. plantarum HD1) isolated from kimchi. The genetic toxicity of crude antifungal compounds was evaluated in bacterial reverse mutation in Salmonella and Escherichia spp., chromosome aberrations in Chinese hamster lung cells, and micronucleous formations in mice. In bacterial reversion assays with Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and WP2uvrA, crude antifungal compounds did not increase the number of revertant colonies in both the absence and presence of the 59 metabolic activation system. In the chromosome aberration test with Chinese hamster lung cells, crude antifungal compounds showed no increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the short-period test with/without the S9 mix or in the continuos test. In the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, crude antifungal compounds showed no increase in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes with micronuclei. The results show that crude antifungal compounds produced by L. plantarum AF1 and L. plantarum HD1 did not induce any genotoxicity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the mutagenic potential of Typhoid vaccine, 3 sets of mutagenicity tests were performed. In the reverse mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537, Typhoid vaccine did not increase the number of revertant at the doses of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate. I n chromosome aberration analysis using CHO cells were not found chromosomal aberration in different concentrations with or without metabolic activation at the doses of 0.25 mg/ml, 0.5mg/ml, 1mg/ml. In mouse micronucleus test, no significant increase in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed in ICE male mice intramuscularly administered with Typhoid vaccine at the dosed of 0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1mg/ml. These results indicate that Typhoid vaccine gas no mutagenic potential in these in vitro and in vivo systems.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.224-231
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• 1996

DA-5018, a non-narcotic analgesic agent, was examined for mutagenicity in the reverse mutation test on bacteria, chromosomal aberration test on cultured mammalian cells and micronucleus test on mice. The reverse mutation test was performed by a plate incorporation method with or without a metabolic activation system(S9 mix) using Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100, TA1535, TA98 and TA1537. DA-5018 did not significantly increase revertant colonies in any of the test strains under any conditions at concentrations ranging from 0.0049 to 1.25 mg/plate, compared with the vehicle control. In the chromosomal aberration test using cultured Chinese Hamster Lung(CHL) cells, DA-5018 did not increase the number of aberrant cells in the presence or absence of S9 mix at concentrations of 0.016 mM/plate to 0.25 mM/plate, compared with the vehicle control. In the micronucleus test, male ICR mice were given DA-5018 intraperitoneally at a dose level of 0.55, 1.10 and 2.20 mg/kg. The incidence of bone marrow micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the DA-5018 treated mice was not significantly different from that of the vehicle control. These results indicate that DA-5018 does not have mutagenic potential under the present test conditions.