• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.493-501
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• 2017

This study aimed to present cosmetic countermeasures for preventing fast aging process in the middle age and accepting healthy aging both physically and mentally by investigating the perception of aging according to the health condition, lifestyle and psychological condition targeting mid-aged women in 40s to 50s residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province. The data collection period was from July 25 to Sept 1, 2015. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. It was shown that as the age was higher, the menopause ratio was higher, drinking, exercise volume and hours of sleep were reduced and the stress and psychological pressure were higher. According to the menopausal status, the status of facial aging showed a significant difference (${\chi}^2=39.692^{***}$, p<.001), and it also showed a difference according to the status of leisure (hobby) activity (${\chi}^2=22.470^{***}$, p<.01). Also, as higher the age and closer to the menopause in items including the progress of aging, anxiety about aging and improvement efforts, more negative perception was shown, indicating that it is necessary to prepare cosmetic countermeasures for mid-aged women in like a second puberty 40s to 50s although aging and menopause around 50s are very natural. If a beauty alternative is provided, it will help them to have a successful retirement.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.143-150
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• 2020

This research is intended to identify how office worker's recognition of strength affects the intention of starting a business when it is used as a medium for utilizing strength. The survey period was conducted for two months from January 17, 2019 to March 8, 2019. In order to achieve the object of this study, a significant number of employees have been collected nationwide, and 287 office workers were analyzed after collecting 300 questionaires, excluding 13 office workers who were not sincere. The significant data were analyzed by utilizing the structural equation and technical statistics and by verifying the conformity of structural model and measurement model and by investigating the relationship between variables. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, employee's perception of strength has been found to have a significant effect on the utilizing of strength. Second, the use of workers' strengths has been found to have a significant effect on the intention of starting a business. Third, it has been confirmed that in the relationship between the employee's perception of strength and intention to start a business, the recognition of strength has a significant effect on the intention of starting a business only through the use of strength. Most office workers are nervous about the future and make various plans. The time to live after retirement is getting longer and jobs and working hours are shrinking at an alarming rate. According to the analysis on the status of small business owners in the mid-term of 2017 data, the average monthly operating profit of small business owners across the country is decreasing over the years, and most start-ups are subsistence-type start-ups, and they decide to start their own businesses because they have no other choice than start-ups. As the number of small business owners suffering from financial difficulties has increased since the financial crisis and insecurity of job is pushing those with financial difficulties after retirement to the battleground of the start-up market, the result of this research suggest that the workers need to recognize their own strength and enhance the importance of utilizing the strength.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 1991

To improve the management of dental laboratory through the research on the actual condition, this study posed questions on 36 dental laboratories. The results are as follows : 1. The establishment of dental laboratory in Chunbuk was increased between in 1980 and 1986. Especially it has been more increased since 1989. According to the proportion of population the number of the dental laboratories in Chunbuk was much more than that of other provinces and took the first place in september 1990. 2. The ratio between the unlicensed dental technician and the licensed was 24.83% and 67.11% each . The former must be replaced by the licensed. And the latter ought to try to improve their culture and technique. 3. Overtime payment must be paid for those who work above eight hours. 4. It takes 5 days at a minimum for the production of dental prosthesis with both stability and esthetics. 5. Every Saturday afternoon, Sunday and national holiday must be free. 6. Bonus must be paid 600% a year at a minimum. The system of retirement allowance should be active. All dental technicians ought to be affliated with their labor union and medica insurance. 7. Such dental restoration as porcelain and crown and bridge prosthesis must by increased to a degree between 30% and 50% at a minimum and the reduction system of charge for a dental technique has to be abolished. 8. The general working conditions of dental laboratory, especially pay and working hour must be improved. 9. To advance the service improvement of dental treatment and the banishment of illegal one, the medical insurance of crown and bridge prosthesis must be generally practised. 10. Ill case of the staff cull:lloyulent of dental laboratory, minimem wage system must be observed. 11. Directing dentist system on the ertablisment of dental laboratory must be abelished or wholly improved.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.277-295
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• 2014

This study was purposed to examine the effect of the parental care burden on the labor force participation of the middle aged and older women. For this, this study used 2,125 samples aged from 50 to 70 years old that were extracted from 1st and 2nd wave of the Korean Retirement and Income Study(KReIS). In order to examine the causal relationship between two variables, Generalized Estimating Equation(GEE) and Multi-nominal Regression analysis were performed. The results showed that there was a positive effect of the parental care burden on the labor force participation of the middle aged and older women. However, this effect was limited only to the employment to the unpaid family workers. In addition, the effect was varied according to the level of caring time to the old parents. Based on that, several policy and practical implications were suggested.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 2008

The propose of this study is to examine the economic stresses and coping strategies for elderly households depending on the variables of background, and to analyze the relations between these factors. Elderly households which satisfied the following criteria were recruited for participation: (a) reside in Seoul, or in the metropolitan area (b) live apart from their adult children after retirement and (c) ages over sixty. From September 20th, 2006 to November 30th, 2006, 296 were used for this research. First, the mean score of the economic stress level of elderly households was 2.87 out of 5, and the stress levels of income expenditure and asset debt were intermediate. The mean score of the economic coping strategy was 3.17 out of 5. In order to overcome economic stress, elderly households utilized reducing their expenditure, financial management, and re-employment. The level of elderly households' life satisfaction was 3.29 of 5 and the depression was 3.17 of 5. Second, there was a difference in accordance with the objective economic variables and the degree of the economic stress after the review of the variables of the elderly households and the coping strategy due to economic stress. The result shows that the households which had a low economic status and high economic stress from the objective viewpoint participated in more economic activities. Their reactions were to decrease the overall expenditure through reducing the expenditure rather than to manage the asset effectively through re-employment or to inaugurating a business. Third, I analyzed situational factors, economic stress, and economic coping strategy in order to compare relative contributors to psychological well-being through using regression. At the third phase in the process of analysis, the socio-psychological factors appeared to be significant factors contributing to psychological well-being. Regarding the stress caused by income expenditure increased, when elderly households were more concerned about reducing expenditure and re-employment, their feelings of depression increased.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.159-174
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the health care expenditure of elderly single and elderly couple households whose head is more than 60 years old. The data analyzed for the study were Korean Retirement and Income Study(KRelS) conducted in 2007 by National Pension Corporation. The major finding of this study were as follows: First, the amount of health care expenditure of elderly single households was lower than that of elderly couple households. However, ratio of health care expenditure to total consumption expenditure of elderly single households was larger than that of elderly couple households. Second, the ratio of health care expenditure in consumption expenditure in this study was larger than the ratios in past analyse showed in the previous studies. Third, common factor affecting on health care expenditure of elderly single and elderly couple households was the existence of the family member with chronic disease or handicap. The health care expenditure of elderly singer households was influenced by income, gender and the ownership of national health insurance. The influence of income for elderly singer households seemed to be greater than for elderly couple households. The variables which affected health care expenditure of elderly couple households were age and housing tenure status. The amount and ratio health care expenditure were increased as the age increases. These results show that the health care expenditures for each groups varied according to socio-demographic variables and health-related behavior variables. It is suggested that there should be a discriminative health care policy for each elderly single and elderly couple households. In addition, the health care policy for the elderly households of which member has a chronic disease is certainly necessary. Especially a health care plan for the elderly single households with lower income is in need. For the elderly couple households, the priority group of health care policy would be the high age group.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.49-59
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• 2012

This study is aimed to increase the fire-fighting manpower utilization and the increasing of its services in aging society. Due to continuous improvement of living standards and development of medical technology, the elderly population rate is being increased and it brings rapid progresses of aging society. Therefore, as a fire-fighting organization which is responsible for safety from various disasters, they should grasp comprehensively and systematically exact status of weak person from disaster in perspective of it with conjunction of all concerned department and at the same time proceed to speedy move as well as determine the appropriate emergency measures. In order to do this, safe life education for elderly people and the comprehensive measures of home security should be taken by transforming the policy from particular object-oriented policy to demand-driven policy. And through the expansion of one one nine services such as using grandeur of powerful IT nation out of old-fashioned promotion way, they should provide fire-fighting service for convenient and comfortable life of elderly people after retirement. A consideration of the elderly people is the best way to penetrate a advancement fire-fighting in aging society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.76-87
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• 2019

This study was conducted to check the cabin crew's safety perception in relation to the airline's safety climate and cabin crew's safety action and to verify that the safety perception's mediation effects. The results of the study confirmed that all three factors of the safety climate have a significant impact on safety perception, and among them, safety practice is the most significant. Accordingly, Airlines need to establish a community that enables real-time information exchange for air accidents so that the cabin crew can present real-time examples of safety-related accidents. In addition, it will be necessary to work with external safety agencies to form an active attitude for the establishment of safety procedures in order to prevent recurrence of safety problems while considering the causes of such incidents internally in the event of an airline safety accident. In addition, it was confirmed that safety training was the most significant factor to safety action, among which all three elements of the safety climate had a significant effect on safety action. Therefore, airlines need to expand practical training on aircraft to full-scale safety training to build an immediate resolution for cabin crews in the event of an air accident. In addition, safety training should be established to encourage collaboration among aviation safety-related personnel to participate in safety training together to address aviation safety from a diverse point of view. Safety perception was has a significant effect on safe action. Therefore, airlines should reinforce the airline's safety management system by checking the status of the cabin crew's safety perception extending the level of punishment to the scope of retirement or disqualification to establish a firm awareness of safety. Finally, the safety perception has demonstrated partial mediation effects in relation to the safety climate and safety action. Therefore, the airline needs to improve the duties of the cabin crew that interferes with cabin safety duties. In addition, airlines should utilize advertisements emphasizing that safety is first.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the housing tenure choice decisions of older households, with focus on the activity constraints of the householders. For analysis, the probit model based on the data of the householders over 55 years of age from the 2015 KLIPS data was implemented. The research findings indicate that the ownership choice probability decreases when the head of the household has activity or social activity constraints. If there is an activity restriction, it is considered that the possibility of self-residence will be low due to the increase in medical expenses, the possibility of participation in economic activities will be low, the possibility of early retirement will be high, and the income will decrease. Therefore, if the head of the household has a personal or social activity constraint, such case is more likely to be categorized as falling under the poor residential group. This result suggests that the activity constraint can be utilized as a useful index for the housing welfare policy considering physical vulnerability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.689-699
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors influencing poverty in the elderly under the income maintenance, focusing on labor. Accordingly, a Panel Logit Analysis was conducted based on the 7th to 16th data of the Korean Welfare Panel. The analysis results are as follows. First, even if demographic, economic, and health variables affecting elderly poverty are controlled, National Pension and Special Occupational Pension among the income maintenance are negatively related to elderly poverty. On the other hand, it was found that the amount of Basic Pension and National Basic Living Security were positively related to poverty for the elderly. Second, it was found that if the elderly receiving national basic living security work, there is a high possibility of poverty. This raises the need to restructuring the Basic Pension, and suggests that it is necessary to combine the National Basic Living Security with the elderly job policy. Finally, in order to alleviate overall elderly poverty, it is suggested to rebuild the multi-pillar old-age income security system, including Basic Pension and Retirement Pension.