• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.49-54
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• 2001

It is common that the soil layer is a few meters below the earth's surface and the rock mass is below the soil layer in the view of geological characteristics in Korea. And the boundary between rock and soil is clearly divided. When dealing with the stability of rock masses, as in the case of rock slopes or dam foundations, the majority of the collapses is not within the soil layer, but within the soil-rock boundary. Therefore it is important to identify the shear strength characteristics between soil-rock boundary. And then in the method of reinforcement on landslide this chose a cut slope near Daemo elementary school in Seoul, surveyed shear strength between soil-rock contacts and considered a large scale collapse using a limit equilibrium method.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 2016

The Korea Forest Service(KFS) has been initiating restoration activities of ridgeline in damaged and fragmented areas of Baekdudaegan since 2011. Completed project in Ihwaryeong, Yuksimnyeong & Beoljae(2012; 2013) were selected as sites for this study. The changes in microclimate condition, vegetation composition and soil properties between project sites and adjacent stands were compared to evaluate the effect of restoration at early stage(after 2years). Pinus densiflora was planted mainly for these restoration sites, however Robinia pseudoacacia and Alnus sibirica invaded the area two years after the restoration activities. Ihwaryeong showed the most changes in understory vegetation among the study sites. Exotic species, such as Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Oenothera odorata, Erigeron annuus, and Coreopsis tinctoria invaded Ihwaryeong, and the dominance have invaded currently. It resulted from the poor survival rate of trees and high difference in microclimate wherein there's an increased temperature and decreased humidity in both restored sites and adjacent stands. In addition, it is also caused by poor soil chemical property, especially pH and organic matter content due to lack of humus layer and its accumulation, compared to adjacent forest soil in restored sites. Significant difference on chemical soil property was observed between restored sites and adjacent forest but no significant difference was observed after two years of restoration. Ecological monitoring is needed to understand the ecological changes after restoration and to establish a long-term management strategy.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2005

Forest soils were analyzed on their biological and physicochemical properties for the ecological restoration of burnt forest soil using organic wastes and proper microorganisms. Three kinds of soil samples were collected from undamaged soil(US), naturally restoring soil(NS) and artificially restoring soil(AS). All soil samples were sandy soil and acidic soil, ranged pH 5.34~5.78. Moisture content was higher in the soil of NS region. And the others were similar. Total organic matter and soluble sugar were higher at the surface, generally. Heterotrophic soil microbes were abundant at the surface soil of NS and subsoil of AS. Dehydrogenase, cellulase and phosphatase activities were higher at the NS soil. Especially, Dehydrogenase activity as primary index of soil microbial process showed high correlationship with moisture content(r=0.90, P < 0.05).

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

To restore the forest ecosystem severely damaged by air pollution around industrial complexes, plants tolerant to the polluted environment were selected by transplant and pot culture experiments. A restoration plan by arranging those tolerant species was prepared based on the ecological diagnostic results on an area that requires restoration. Transplant experiment in Ulsan and Yeocheon areas, the representative industrial complexes in Korea, selected eight tolerant species of Quercus aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata, Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, Ligustrum japonicum, Styrax japonica, and Poncirus trifoliata. Cultivation in the polluted soil transported from the Ulsan and Yeocheon industrial complexes chose five tolerant plants of Q. aliena, Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, Styrax japonica, and Alnus firma. A plan to restore the forest ecosystem of Mt. Dotjil, which experienced the severest ecosystem degradation in the Ulsan industrial complex, was prepared by applying those tolerant species along with treatment for soil amelioration. Arrangement of the tolerant species was designed by considering their ecological characteristics including distribution range on topography and shade tolerance. Soil amelioration was focused on the improvement of fertility and moisture conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2002

The restoration techniques of large disturbed land containing native forest resources and soil animals were investigated on the new campus area of Kyushu University in Japan. Important techniques to restore native forest and biodiversity in that area are transplantation of existing large trees, transplantation of the forest soil, transplantation of native tree stools, and the reuse of wood and bamboo chips. The benefits can be obtained by using these methods. Firstly, the native genetic resources that would be discarded as part of the land development can be reused. Secondary, the time taken to become a high growth forest as opposed to the practice of planting saplings or grass seeds can be reduced. At last, the native forest ecosystem containing various under-story vegetations and soil animals can be conserved and regenerated. In addition, big and small ponds were constructed in the biodiversity preservation zone to preserve rare plants, rare animals, and native aquatic animals. And these plants and animals were transplanted and moved to ponds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2007

In order to analyse the strength problems for an unsaturated soil, it is required to examine closely the characteristics of the parameters of shear strength which was changed with the metric suction and void ratio. To this ends, a triaxial compression test was conducted on the three samples-granular soil, cohesive soil and silty soil. The specimen was made by pressing the static pressure on the mold filled soil and was controled the void ratio with the different compaction ratio. And the test was performed by using the modified apparatus of the triaxial compression tester. The range of matric suction was 0-90 kPa.The measured results for the deviator stress and parameters of shear strength were analysed with the void ratio and the compaction ratio, and they were examined closely the characteristics of the strength for an unsaturated soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.76-86
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• 2007

For the purpose of ground improvement by means of soil flushing systems. Incorporated technique with prefabricated vertical drains have been used for dewatering from fine-grained soils. The laboratory model tests were performed by using the flushing tracer solutions for silty soils and recorded the tracer concentration changes with the elapsed time and flow rates. A mathematical model for prediction of contaminant transport using the PVD technology has been developed. The clean-up times for the predictions on both soil condition indicate more of a sensitivity to the dispersivity parameter than to the extracted flow rate and vertical velocity parameters. Based on the results of the analyses, numerical analysis indicate that the most important factor to the in-situ soil remediation in prefabricated vertical drain system is the effective diameter of contaminated soil.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1789-1795
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• 2007

Railroad, the structure maintenance and restoration project was increased and widely performed in concrete pavement road and airport, building at downtown area, bridge abutment, and other concrete structures. Especially, the ground reinforcement technique by quick-reaction expansible resins is the most effective countermeasures against differential settlement and undesired deformation of structure. In this paper, the unconfined compressive strength and some environmental related tests were conducted to evaluate compressive strength and environmental effect of quick-reaction expansive resins and soil mixtures. Also, three case histories of concrete structure and railroad restoration project are presented. Based on the laboratory test, the quick-reaction expansible resins and soil mixture represent the sufficient compressive strength and the leachate material is satisfied the environmental regulation limits. As a result of this study, the structure restoration technology using quick-reaction expansible resins is very effective for restoration of differential settlement and deformation, and it is environmentally sustainable technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

The unmanaged abandoned concrete roads are vulnerable toward the issues on soil and water pollution, which requires flexible managing method such as eco-corridor after the process of ecological restoration. Among various alternations of abandoned concrete-paved roads, ecological restoration technique may be the most suitable method in sites including high quality of natural environment. Therefore, as in Young dong province, GyungBu express highway (227.24~229.04km), which is near to Hwang-gan IC, the survey to measure its effect of soil under the paving and water pollution by abandoned concrete roads was discussed. Then, the restoration method of plantings of landscape trees and hydro-seeding methods of artificial soil media was appraised through consecutive monitoring. The soil adequacy analysis shows lower percentage of heavy metal substance in each depth level compared to standard limit stated by the Ministry of Environment, along with low concerns raised after the analysis on heavy metal content of the spilled water on the concrete roads. Meanwhile, Korean Weigela (Weigela subsessilis L.H. Baily) was found to be withered in small-scale landscape trees planting sites. Among the seeding plants. the family of leguminosae, Silene armeria, Dendranthema boreale, Caryopteris incana and Aster yomena show good establishment results. Overall studies on planting of small and large landscape trees, planting method of container plants, planting method of ground cover plants, and germination and development trend of seeding plants of the experimental restoration site on abandoned concrete roads are revealing specific trends in the way landscape woody plants establishment and growth. Finally, this study suggests further studies and survey on varied plant restoration methods on abandoned concrete-roads for developed design guidelines of their methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the ecologically suitable restoration characteristics in riparian slopes constructed by continuous fiber soil reinforced system (Geofiber system) which does not contain the concrete materials. The findings are as follows : (1) as the tested soil was not washed away by rainfalls and floods, Geofiber could replace the concrete wall and gravity stone net bag technique from the civil engineering structural point of view; (2) after one year of the construction, it was monitored that land cover ratio was 80-90%, which indirectly shows that vegetation is safely maintained; and (3) at the same time, 5-8 flora species were found in each test grid and more importantly dominant species have been moved from alien species to native herbaceous plants. From the above findings, Geofiber system is recommendable to restore the riparian slopes in terms of stability and natural landscape points. However, a long term monitering is needed considering flora succession process in a given environment as well as suitability tests should be carried out through the comparative investigations in other environments.