• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2014

This study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity of GST (Gamisasangja-tang). For examining genotoxicity, we carried out bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosome aberration assay, micronucleus induction test according to OECD guidelines. Bacterial reverse mutation assay: In GST treating group, regardless of existence S9 mix, revertant colonies counts appeared to be less than twice of negative control group and dose dependent increase. In positive control group, revertant colonies counts were shown to be more than twice of negative control croup. Chromosome aberration assay: All cell line showed repetition rate of abnormal chromosome aberration less than 5%, regardless of treating time, existence of S9 mix, and no significant change ($p{\succeq}0.05$) compared with negative control group. Micronucleus induction test: Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) repetition rate of Polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) showed no significant changes compared with negative control group ($p{\succeq}0.05$). PCE portion of total erythrocytes also showed no significant changes ($p{\succeq}0.05$). Our results showed that GST didn't induce any genotoxicity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2001

Objectives: We aimed to identify. the effect of Jeongcheon-tang(定喘湯) and Cheongsangboha-tang(淸上補下湯) on the transcriptional activities of cytokine IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 involved in asthma model. Materials and Methods: RBL-2H3 cell lines were used. Cells were stimulated with calcium inophore($2{\mu}M$ : Sample group 1, $4{\mu}M$ : Sample group 2) for maximal gene expression. After 3rd treatment of samples and incubation(per 24hours), total cellular RNAs were collected using Trizol solution method. Then transcriptional activities of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by RT-PCR with electrophoresis. Results: In IL-4 study, Jeongcheon-tang treated group showed 82.76%(Sample group 1) of transcriptional activities compared to the control group and Cheongsangboha-tang treated groups showed 85.77% (Sample group 1), 89.42% (Sample group 2) of transcriptional activities compared to the control groups. In IL-5 study, Jeongcheon-tang treated groups showed 88.24%(Sample group 1), 98.83%(Sample group 2) of transcriptional activities compared to the control groups and Cheongsangboha-tang treated group showed 73.66%(Sample group 2) of transcriptional activities compared to the control group. In IL-6 study, Jeongcheon-tang treated group showed 92.95%(Sample group 2) of transcriptional activities compared to the control group and Cheongsangboha-tang treated group showed n.40%(Sample group 2) of transcriptional activities compared to the control group. In IL-10 study, Jeongcheon-tang treated group showed 118.46% (Sample group 2) of transcriptional activities compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study shows that Jeongcheon-tang has the inhibitory effect on the transcription of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 gene expression and the increasing effect on the transcription of IL-10 gene expression, and Cheongsangboha-tang has the inhibitory effect on the transcription of IL4, IL-5 and IL-6 gene expression in RBL-2H3 cell lines. Advanced studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of inhibition or increase by herbal medicine in asthma model.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.466-478
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of music therapy on anxiety of cesarean section wemen. The research design was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects of this study were 65 cesarean section wemen scheduled for surgery. The study was conducted from October 15, 1999 to January 5, 2000. Two groups consisted of subjects assigned : one the experimental group(33 wemen), and the other the control group(32 wemen). The music therapy was performed 3 times to experimental group just before surgery day, on surgery day. The level of anxiety was measured by State Anxiety Inventory, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, Repeated measures of ANCOVA. The results of study were as fellows : 1) State anxiety scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 2) Systolic blood pressures and diastolic blood pressures were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 3) Pulse rates were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. 4) Respiratory rates were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after music therapy. According to these results, music therapy can be regarded as an effective nursing intervention that relieves anxiety of cesarean section wemen.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제74권3호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2013

Background: Notified tuberculosis (TB) cases in Korea have not decreased over the last decade (2001-2010). Methods: To clarify the reasons, we analyzed an annual report on notified tuberculosis patients and age-specific population drift in Korea. Results: Compared to the age-specific notified TB cases between 2001 and 2010, distinctive features in notified TB cases and new cases increased markedly in people aged 45-54 years and in patients over 65 years old, whereas those between 15-34 years in 2010 decreased drastically. In particular, notified TB individuals over 65 years old occupied 29.6% of the cases in 2010, which was 1.5 times higher than that in 2001. The main reason not to decrease in notified TB patients for the last decade (2001-2010) was due to the increasing elderly population as well as the aging of baby boomers, which have a higher risk of TB development. Conclusion: Korea needs to pay attention to the older population in order to successfully decrease the burden of TB in the future.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.676-683
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• 2007

A non-invasive respiratory gated radiotherapy system like those based on external anatomic motion gives better comfortableness to patients than invasive system on treatment. However, higher correlation between the external and internal anatomic motion is required to increase the effectiveness of non-invasive respiratory gated radiotherapy. Both of invasive and non-invasive methods need to track the internal anatomy with the higher precision and rapid response. Especially, the non-invasive method has more difficulty to track the target position successively because of using only image processing. So we developed the system to track the motion for a non-invasive respiratory gated system to accurately find the dynamic position of internal structures such as the diaphragm and tumor. The respiratory organ motion tracking apparatus consists of an image capture board, a fluoroscopy system and a processing computer. After the image board grabs the motion of internal anatomy through the fluoroscopy system, the computer acquires the organ motion tracking data by image processing without any additional physical markers. The patients breathe freely without any forced breath control and coaching, when this experiment was performed. The developed pattern-recognition software could extract the target motion signal in real-time from the acquired fluoroscopic images. The range of mean deviations between the real and acquired target positions was measured for some sample structures in an anatomical model phantom. The mean and max deviation between the real and acquired positions were less than 1mm and 2mm respectively with the standardized movement using a moving stage and an anatomical model phantom. Under the real human body, the mean and maximum distance of the peak to trough was measured 23.5mm and 55.1mm respectively for 13 patients' diaphragm motion. The acquired respiration profile showed that human expiration period was longer than the inspiration period. The above results could be applied to respiratory-gated radiotherapy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2015

Impaired respiratory function is common in patients with stroke. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of exercises and to assess forced vital capacity and peak cough flow after completion of neck stabilizing and respiratory reeducation exercises (combining diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing exercises). The 45 participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group 1 ($n_1=15$), experimental group 2 ($n_2=15$), and a control group ($n_3=15$). All subjects performed conservative physical therapy for 30 minutes. Experimental group 1 undertook the neck stabilizing exercise and the respiratory reeducation exercise. Experimental group 2 undertook the respiratory reeducation exercise. Additional exercise did not exceed 30 minutes, five times a week for six weeks. The subjects were assessed for deep neck flexor thickness and breathing function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory volume at one second/forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, and manual assisted peak cough flow) at pre-post value. The results of this study were as follows. Experimental group 1 showed a significant increase only in deep neck flexor thickness change rate (p<.05). All groups showed significant increases in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, and peak expiratory flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed an increase in manual assisted peak cough flow in pre-post measurement (p<.05). There was no significant difference between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2, but experimental group 1 improved more than experimental group 2 in respiratory function as a whole. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the neck stabilizing exercise in combination with the respiratory reeducation exercise can improve forced vital capacity and peak cough flow in patients with stroke.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the change of the respiratory function of chronic low back pain patients after the thoracic manipulation and the trunk stability exercise on chronic low back pain patients. Methods : For this study, the group of the experiment was consisted of 44 patients suffering from the low back pain chronically. The participants were divided into two groups: the control group, which was assigned for core stabilization exercise (CSE), and the experimental group, which was randomly assigned for core stabilization exercise after thoracic manipulation (CSE+TM). Both groups carried out each assigned treatment on three times a week for 8 weeks. To study the change related to measurement variable from each test groups before and after intervention, paired t-test was performed. Further, the statistics for an intergroup comparison was analyzed by covariance analysis, ANCOVA. The measurement was conducted by the respiratory function, the respiratory function was measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁). Results : As a result, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) showed significant differences not only by each groups but also between those groups before and after the test. Conclusion : In conclusion, both experiments, the core stabilization exercise and the core stabilization exercise conducted after thoracic manipulation, on chronic low back pain patients resulted in the significant level of difference in the respiratory function. This result indicates that the thoracic manipulation is an efficient treatment for improving the respiratory function for chronic low back pain patients.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 2018

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and their coexistence is known as overlap syndrome (OS). Endothelial dysfunction is the initial stage of CVD; however, underlying mechanisms linking OS and CVD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore whether OS can lead to more severe inflammation and endothelial apoptosis by promoting endothelial dysfunction, and to assess the intervention effects of antioxidant tempol. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=66) were exposed to normal oxygen [normal control (NC) group], intermittent hypoxia (IH group), cigarette smoke (CH group), as well as cigarette smoke and IH (OS group). Tempol intervention was assessed in OS group treated with tempol (OST group) or NaCl (OSN group). After an 8-week challenge, lung tissues, serum, and fresh blood were harvested for analysis of endothelial markers and apoptosis. Results: The levels of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, and apoptosis in circulating epithelial cells were the highest in OS group and the lowest in NC group. These levels were all greater in IH group than in CH group, and were lower in OST group than in OS and OSN groups (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Synergistic effects of IH with cigarette smoke-induced emphysema produce a greater inflammatory status and endothelial apoptosis. OS-related inflammation and endothelial cell apoptosis may play important roles in promoting cardiovascular dysfunction, and antioxidant tempol could achieve a partial protective effect.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

Background: The change in the respiratory pattern has an influence on the change in the autonomic nervous system, which in turn has an influence on the EGG to measure a gastric activity. However, the study on the influence on the EGG parameters by respiratory control and on the correlation between the HRV and EGG through respiratory control has not been perform yet. Objective: It is to perform a series of experiments to find out how the EGG parameters are influenced by the controlled respiration and what correlation there may exist between the EGG and HRV to measure the change in the autonomic nervous system after controlled respiration. Methods: 1st Experiment: During a 15minutes' voluntary respiration, HRV was measured, and it was measured again during another 15 minutes' controlled respiration. 2nd Experiment: After an eight hours' fast, EGG was measured for a period of 30 minutes, and then after another 15 minutes' voluntary respiration, a test-meal was offered for 10 minutes and again EGG was measured. The next day, after an 8 hour's fast, EGG was measured for 30 minutes, and after a 15 minutes' controlled respiration and offered with a test-meal for 10 minutes and then EGG was measured again for 30 minutes. Results: 1. It was observed in all the channels that the power ratio increased more after controlled respiration than after voluntary respiration. No statistical significance, however, could be observed. 2. Through controlled respiration, the HF of HRV and the power ratio of EGG Channel 4 was negatively correlated, while the LF/HF of HRV and the power ratio of EGG channel 1 & 4 was positive correlated. Such correlations as mentioned above, however, could not be observed in HRV & EGG through voluntary respiration. Conclusions: 1. It was concluded that the increase in the power of gastric contractile after controlled respiration is bigger than the increase in the power of gastric contractile after voluntary respiration. 2. It was concluded that the gastric contractile power and sympathetic activity through controlled respiration was negatively correlated, while the gastric contractile power and parasympathetic activity through controlled respiration was positively correlated.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2491-2494
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• 2012

The current study was performed to assess any association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and risk of lung cancer in Henan province. This case-control study involved94 patients with newly histological confirmed lung cancer and 78 healthy controls. Genotyping was achieved with peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA and association of the polymorphism with risk of lung cancer was estimated by unconditional logistic regression analysis. The frequencies of the MTHFR 667TT genotype were 37.2% in cases compared with 23.1% in controls (${\chi}^2$ = 4.008, P = 0.045). Individuals with the 667CC/CT genotype displayed a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer compared with those with the TT genotypes [adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.506; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.258 - 0.991]. The C667T polymorphism might have a significant effect on the occurrence of lung cancer in Henan province.