• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.104-120
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• 2006

Background : Pulse-respiration ratio has been used for estimating subject's status in oriental medicine. Pulse and respiration is strongly associated with autonomic nerve system. But there is no research about correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and autonomic nerve system. Objectives : We performed this study to know correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV(heart rate variability) that shows autonomic nerve system status well and to clarify clinical meaning of pulse-respiration ratio. Methods : After subject's 10 minutes rest, we measured subject's ECG, respiration pattern and HRV. In this research, subject's number is 95(Male 50/Female 45). We calculated pulse-respiration ratio from ECG and respiration pattern. Then, we analyzed correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(P-R ratio 4.28). We tried to compare HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek group. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration Ratio and Pulse rate, respiration rate is performed. Finally correlation analysis between Respiration and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(4.28) is studied. Results : 1. Mean pulse-respiration is 4.10${\pm}$0.67, Mean pulse rate is 68.06${\pm}$7.82bpm, Mean respiration rate is 16.81${\pm}$2.72 times per minute in all subjects. 2. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm(correlation coefficient 0.306, p= 0.018), lnHF (0.308, p=0.002) is significantly correlated with pulse-respiration ratio. 3. Comparison of HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek Group is not significant. 4. Pulse-respiration ratio is more affected by respiration rate(correlation coefficient-0.17, p=0.000) than pulse rate (correlation coefficient 0.396, p=0.000). 5. Correlation analysis between respiration rate and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm (correlation coefficient -0.327, p=0.011), LF/HF(0.346, p=0.007), lnHF (-0.355, p=0.006) are significantly correlated with respiration rate. Conclusion : Pulse-respiration ratio and parasympathetic index has positive correlation. The closer Wan-Maek, The higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group. Respiration rate is more related with pulse-respiration ratio than pulse rate. Respiration is negatively correlated with autonomic parameters. And the slower respiration, the higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group.

• 음성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2005

Voice is made by systemic interaction of respiration, vocalization, articulation and resonation. There is no existing multi-channel voice analysis system to assess voice and respiration simultaneously. The most existing systems consist of. vocal fold vibration measurement such as stroboscopy, EGG (electroglottography) or laryngeal electromyography and voice analysis system. Since respiration has close relationship with voice simultaneous analysis of both vocal cord vibration and respiration are essential. In this study, a four channel integrated system are developed for acoustic analysis through microphone, vocal fold vibratory analysis using EGG, and respiratory analysis using two channel RIP (respiratory inductive plethysmography).

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.220-223
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• 2011

Respiration signal of the vital signs is an important parameter in clinical parts. To extract the respiration signal from PPG signal for mobile healthcare system is difficult because the bands of the motion artifacts and respiration in the frequency domain are overlapped. This study to improve this problem suggested a respiration extraction method using the independent component analysis and evaluated its performances. In results of evaluation, the ICA method showed better performance than LPF suggested recently.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.503-511
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• 2007

Heart rate variability(HRV) is the clinical consequence of various influences of the autonomic nervous system(ANS) on heart beat. HRV can estimate the potential physiologic rhythm from the interval between consecutive beats(RR interval or HRV data), but cardiovascular system governed by ANS is in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation. It is known as RSA representing respiration-related HR rhythmic oscillation. Because the mechanism linking the variability of HR to respiration is complex, it has so far been unknown well. In this paper, we tried to evaluate 5-min RR interval segments under control of respiration in order to find out a proper respiration rate that can estimate the ANS function. 10 healthy volunteers were included to evaluate 5-min HRV data under 4 different respiration-controlled environments; 0.03Hz, 0.1Hz, 0.2Hz, and 0.4Hz respiration. HRV data were analyzed both in the frequency and the time domain, with cross-correlation coefficient(cross-coeff.) for HRV and respiration signal. The results showed maximum cross-coeff. of 0.84 at 0.1 Hz and minimum that of 0.16 at 0.4Hz respiration. Cross-coeff was decreased at a faster rate from 0.1Hz respiration. All mean SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50 of time domain measures were 108.7ms, 71.85ms, and 28.47%, respectively, and LF, HF, and TP of frequency domain measures were $12,722ms^2,\;658.8ms^2$, and $7,836.64ms^2$ at 0.1Hz respiration, respectively. In conclusion, 0.1Hz respiration was observed to be very meaningful from time domain and frequency domain analysis in relation to respiration and autonomic regulation of the heart.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.132-150
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• 2006

Objectives : The objective is that we measure and analyze Pulse-Respiration Ratio and Body Composition Analysis to study the correlation between both. Methods : First, after subjects take a rest over 10 minutes, we measure their electrocardiogram and respiration pattern through which we take average peak interval to calculate an average pulse cycle and a respiration cycle. An average respiration cycle divided by an average Pulse Rate gives Pulse-Respiration Ratio. Next, we draw out 22 Body Composition Analysis indicators by using In-Body 720 model. Last, we analyze and take statistics on them by using SPSS 13.0 program. Results : Negative is the correlation between P/R Ratio and Body Composition Analysis indicator like fatness degree, body fat volume, body fat rate, abdominal fatness, BMI. Conclusions : 1. The higher P/R Ratio the more likely to be thin, the lower P/R Ratio the more likely to be fat. 2. We separately analyze P/R Ratio depending on each breathing frequency and pulse frequency to find out that breathing frequency has great influence and that breathing frequency decides the fatness degree. 3. In study on the correlation between P/R Ratio and Body Composition Analysis, fatness degree, in-body fat volume, in-body fat rate, BMI are the related indicators, which shows the connection with the fatness indicators. 4. In study on the correlation between Han-Yeol [寒熱] grade and Body Composition Analysis indicators, the result is that Han[寒] has no connection and that only Yeol[熱] grade has something to do with it, which means the higher heat symptom subjects have, the more basic metabolism volume and muscular build they have.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Enzyme kinetics-based respiration model can be effectively used for estimating respiration rate in $O_2$ consumption and $CO_2$ production of fresh produce as a function of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ concentrations. Arrhenius equation can be applied to describe the temperature dependence of the respiration rate. Parameters of enzyme kinetics-based respiration model and activation energy of Arrhenius equation were compiled from analysis of literature data and closed system experiment. They enable to estimate the respiration rate for any modified atmosphere conditions at temperature of interest and thus can be used for design of modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2021

Photosynthesis and respiration rate of microalgae are important factors during advanced wastewater treatment research using microalgae, There are several equipments and measurement methods for measuring photosynthesis and respiration, with different challenges that occur during pretreatment and stabilization of the analysis process. Therefore, in this study, for accurate Photosynthesis and Respiration (P&R) analyzer measurement, the analysis process was divided into pre-processing, DO stabilization, and analysis stages and each was optimized to enable accurate evaluation. For this purpose, the effect of DO saturation of the sample on P&R analysis, DO stabilization according to the degassing flow rate, and photoinhibition of the OD level on photosynthesis was investigated. Based on our study results, when DO was supersaturated, photosynthetic efficiency decreased due to photorespiration, making it inappropriate as a P&R sample. In addition, 0.5 L-N2/min level was the optimal nitrogen degassing flow rate for DO desaturation. The inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency by self-shading caused by the increase in OD was observed from OD 2.0, and it was found that P& R analysis is preferably performed on samples with OD less than 2.0. In addition, based on the above three optimization results, an optimized P&R Analyzer instruction for accurate P&R analysis was also presented.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2008

This research is to develop PPG filtering method for respiration measurement in U-Health Care system. Respiration rate was determined by filtering PPG and analyzing its spectrum. Optimal filter of PPG has been selected to get respiration by testing 120 sets of experiment data using 700 filtering cases. As a result, 2nd order Bessel-filter that used band-pass cutoff frequency at 0.175~0.4Hz with second order was good at developing respiration signal. Respiration signal in time domain could be continuously analyzed by converting frequency domain using spectrum analysis. 24 seconds has been found to be optimal time duration of collecting PPG data for determining respiration. Therefore, this study was successful of getting not only heart activity but also respiration by only PPG. Minimal invasive measurement obtaining multi-bio information by one sensor can be expected to apply to U-Health Care and human computer interaction.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 IR-UWB 레이더 신호의 크기와 도달시간을 결합한 새로운 방법의 호흡속도추정 방법을 제안한다. 특히 이 논문에서는 분석을 통해서 인체의 흔들림이 호흡속도추정에 왜곡을 일으키지 않음을 증명한다. 분석을 바탕으로 레이더 신호의 크기 정보 신호와 도달시간 정보 신호의 컨볼루션 방법을 제안한다. 하드웨어 실험을 통한 분석을 통해서 호흡속도성분의 추출 능력이 기존의 추정 방법에 비해서 10dB 이상 향상됨을 보인다.

• 한국포장학회지
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• 제13권3_4호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

The method to characterize the fresh produce respiration was presented with possible application of modified atmosphere package design. Particularly the respiration model based on enzyme kinetics was introduced as function of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. The method to estimate the equilibrated package atmosphere for any package conditions was presented by incorporation of $O_2$ and $CO_2$ permeabilities of the packaging film. Temperature dependences for fresh produce respiration and gas permeation were given by Arrhenius equation and then used to analyze the effect of temperature on the package atmosphere. An example analysis was presented for better understanding of the concept.