• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.574-581
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• 2011

A Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from the saline soils of Jangpura (U.P.), India, and showed high-level of radiation-resistant property and survived upto 12.5 kGy dose of gamma radiation. The 16S rDNA sequence of this strain was examined, identified as Bacillus sp. strain HKG 112, and was submitted to the NCBI GenBank (Accession No. GQ925432). The mechanism of radiation resistance and gene level expression were examined by proteomic analysis of whole-cell extract. Two proteins, 38 kDa and 86.5 kDa excised from SDS-PAGE, which showed more significant changes after radiation exposure, were identified by MALDI-TOF as being flagellin and S-layer protein, respectively. Twenty selected 2-DE protein spots from the crude extracts of Bacillus sp. HKG 112, excised from 2- DE, were identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) out of which 16 spots showed significant changes after radiation exposure and might be responsible for the radiation resistance property. Our results suggest that the different responses of some genes under radiation for the expression of radiation-dependent proteins could contribute to a physiological advantage and would be a significant initial step towards a fullsystem understanding of the radiation stress protection mechanisms of bacteria in different environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.712-721
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• 2020

Objective: The Wannan Black pig is a typical Chinese indigenous, disease-resistant pig breed with high fertility, and a crude-feed tolerance that has been bred by artificial selection in the south of Anhui province for a long time. However, genome variation, genetic relationships with other pig breeds, and domestication, remain poorly understood. Here, we focus on elucidating the genetic characteristics of the Wannan Black pig and identifying selection signatures during domestication and breeding. Methods: We identified the whole-genome variation in the Wannan Black pig and performed population admixture analyses to determine genetic relationships with other domesticated pig breeds and wild boars. Then, we identified the selection signatures between the Wannan Black pig and Asian wild boars in 100-kb windows sliding in 10 kb steps by using two approaches: the fixation index (F_ST) and π ratios. Results: Resequencing the Wannan Black pig genome yielded 501.52 G of raw data. After calling single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions (InDels), we identified 21,316,754 SNVs and 5,067,206 InDels (2,898,582 inserts and 2,168,624 deletions). Additionally, we found genes associated with growth, immunity, and digestive functions. Conclusion: Our findings help in explaining the unique genetic and phenotypic characteristics of Wannan Black pigs, which in turn can be informative for future breeding programs of Wannan Black pigs.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2004

국내 고구마 율미 품종의 배발생 캘러스를 Agrobacterium 매개 방법을 이용하여 형질전환 식물체를 개발하였다. 배발생 캘러스를 7일 동안 전배양 한 후 Agrobacterium과 2일 간 공동배양할 경우 일시적인 형질전환 효율이 가장 높았다. Agrobacterium과의 공동배양 후 배발생 캘러스를 1mg/L 2,4-D, 100mg/L kanamycin, 400mg/L claforan 이 첨가된 선발배지에서 4주 간격으로 계대배양하였다. 선발된 kanamycin 저항성 캘러스를 2,4-D를 제거한 선발배지로 옮겨 체세포배를 유도하였으며 이후 소식물체로 발달하였다. Southern 분석으로 1-3 copy의 GUS 유전자가 고구마 염색체내로 도입되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 조직학적 분석으로 GUS 유전자가 형질전환 고구마의 배발생 캘러스, 재분화 식물체의 잎, 엽병, 및 뿌리 조직에서 강하게 발현됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2016

최근 전세계적으로 지역사회 기원 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(CA-MRSA)에 의한 피부연부조직 감염증이 증가하고 있다. 16개월의 한국 여아가 생후 6개월부터 시작된 반복되는 피부연부조직 감염증을 주소로 내원하였다. 환아의 가족들도 환아와 비슷한 시기에 피부연부조직 감염증의 병력이 있었다. 환아의 혈중 면역글로불린 및 NBT 검사는 정상이었고, 피부 병변 외에는 가족 모두 건강하였다. 환아의 감염증 부위의 고름 배양 및 비강 내 보균 검사시 모두 PVL genes을 생성하는 CA-MRSA ST714 SCCmec type IV가 확인되었고, 이는 ST30의 single locus variant로서 국내에서는 보고된 적이 없는 MRSA의 유전형이다. 환아와 함께, 환아의 균주와 동일 항생제 감수성 양상을 보이는 MRSA 보균자인 환아부에게 재발 방지를 위해서 비강내 mupirocin 5일 요법을 시행하였고 이후 10개월간 추가적인 재발은 없었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.465-473
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was undertaken to analyze Staphylococcus aureus from cultivation environments for agricultural products and to confirm antibiotic resistance and enterotoxin genes for the isolated S. aureus. Methods: A total of 648 samples were collected from apple, peach, ginseng and balloon flower farms. S. aureus was isolated from soil, agricultural water, personal hygiene elements (hands, gloves and clothes) and work utensils (boxes). Results: S. aureus was detected in a total of 25 samples and 72 strains were isolated. The resistance rate of the isolated S. aureus strains was confirmed at 33.3%, with 24 resistant strains among the total of 72. Fourteen different patterns types were found, and three pattern types (NV, OX, VA) were confirmed most frequently. As result of the detection of enterotoxin gene type, four gene types (sea: 1, sed: 4, seg: all isolated S. aureus, sei: all isolated S. aureus) were analyzed among a total of nine types. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that personal hygiene techniques should be properly managed, such as washing and sterilization before or after work, because agricultural contamination by S. aureus frequently developed through improper management.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2017

생물학적정화는 미생물을 이용하여 중금속을 포함한 오염물질을 정화하는 방법이다. 효모는 다양한 중금속을 흡착하여 정화하는 능력이 우수하다고 잘 알려졌다. 따라서 본 연구는 여러 중금속 중 하나인 아연에 저항성인 큰 효모를 인위적인 돌연변이를 통해서 얻는 것에 초점을 두었다. 대조구인 효모를 1 mM 농도의 아연이 포함된 배지에서 키운 후 점차 아연의 농도를 높여 최종적으로 80 mM이 되는 지점까지 키웠으며 이 농도는 효모가 점진적 적응을 거쳤어도 성장이 불가능한 한계점 근처이며 이렇게 유도 분리된 효모를 ZnR이라 명명하였다. ZnR은 대조구 효모보다 아연에 대한 저항성이 현저히 증가되었으며 이 외에 카드뮴과 니켈에 대한 저항성도 증가되었지만 구리에 대한 저항성은 오히려 감소 되었다. ZnR이 보여준 아연에 대한 저항성 증가는 유전자 돌연변이에 의한 영구적인 획득 결과이다. 단 기간 내에 아연에 대한 저항성 큰 효모의 인위적인 유도 및 분리는 생물학적정화 연구에 유용하게 쓰여질 정보이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1099-1106
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• 2013

Tuta absoluta (Povolny, 1994) is a devastating moth to the Solanaceae plants. It is a challenging pest to control, especially on tomatoes. In this work, we studied the entomopathogenic activity of the Cry-forming ${\delta}$-endotoxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strain KS and B. thuringiensis kurstaki reference strain HD1 against T. absoluta. These strains carried the cry2, cry1Ab, cry1Aa/cry1Ac, and cry1I genes, and KS also carried a cry1C gene. The ${\delta}$-endotoxins of KS were approximately twofold more toxic against the third instar larvae than those of HD1, as they showed lower 50% and 90% lethal concentrations (0.80 and 2.70 ${\mu}g/cm^2$ (${\delta}$-endotoxins/tomato leaf)) compared with those of HD1 (1.70 and 4.50 ${\mu}g/cm^2$) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the larvae protease extract showed at least six caseinolytic activities, which activated the KS and HD1 ${\delta}$-endotoxins, yielding the active toxins of about 65 kDa and the protease-resistant core of about 58 kDa. Moreover, the histopathological effects of KS and HD1 ${\delta}$-endotoxins on the larvae midgut consisted of an apical columnar cell vacuolization, microvillus damage, and epithelial cell disruption. These results showed that the KS strain could be a candidate for T. absoluta control.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 1991

원유 분해세균에 의한 원유 분해능을 조사한 결과, Xanthomonas camperstris M12, Xanthomonas sp. M28, Acintobacter lwoffi G1, Klebsiella pneumoniae L25, 그리고 Pseudomonas maltophilia N246 등의 순서로 나타났다. Xanthomonas maltophilia M12, Xanthomonas sp. M28, 그리고 Pseudomonas maltophilia N246 균주 모두 pctane 분해시의 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 최적이었으며, 최적 pH는 X.camperstris M12와 Xanthomonas sp. M28이 7.0-7.5 이었고, P.maltophilia N246이 7.5-9.0이었다. N246 균주의 최적 NaCl농도는 3.0-3.5 이었다. P.maltophilia N246와 X.campestris M12는 모두 플라스미드를 갖고 있음을 확인하였고, N246 균주로 부터 플라스미드를 제거하였을 경우 octane 분해능이 소실되었으므로 이 플라스미드 위에 octane 분해 유전자가 있음이 확인되었다. 이 균주이 OTC 플라스미드의 크기는 118kb이었다. 또한, N246 균주는 ampicillin 항생제에 내성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2015

This work aims to utilize wastes from the potato starch industry to produce single-cell protein (SCP) with high lysine content as animal feed. In this work, S-(2-aminoethyl)-_L-cysteine hydrochloride-resistant Bacillus pumilus E1 was used to produce SCP with high lysine content, whereas Aspergillus niger was used to degrade cellulose biomass and Candida utilis was used to improve the smell and palatability of the feed. An orthogonal design was used to optimize the process of fermentation for maximal lysine content. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: temperature of 40℃, substrate concentration of 3%, and natural pH of about 7.0. For unsterilized potato starch wastes, the microbial communities in the fermentation process were determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that the dominant population was Bacillus sp. The protein quality as well as the amino acid profile of the final product was found to be significantly higher compared with the untreated waste product at day 0. Additionally, acute toxicity test showed that the SCP product was non-toxic, indicating that it can be used for commercial processing.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

The lytic activity of the set of swine and chicken phages which were derived from lysogenic Staphylococcus hyicus strains of swine and chicken origin was compared by means of S. hyicus isolated from swine, chicken and cattle. Of the 80 strains each from swine and chicken, 71 (88.8%) of strains from swine and all the strains of chicken origin were found to be lysogenic. Swine phages showed wider range of lytic activity to the examined strains than that of chicken phages. Using chicken phages at $100{\times}routine$ test dilution (RTD), 25.0%, 85.6% and 50.0% of swine, chicken and bovine strains were lysed, respectively. However, when the set of swine phages was used at $100{\times}RTD$, higher frequency of the typable strains was found in strains of swine and chicken origin (73.8% and 90.2%). Phage F12 and L16 from chicken set were found to be highly active with chicken and bovine strains. On the contrary, all the swine strains were completely resistant to lysis by the two phages at $100{\times}RTD$. Thirteen (12.5%) of 104 S. aureus strains, 1 (1.8%) of 55 S. simudance strains, 31 (58.5%) of 53 S. chromo genes strains, and none of 31 strains of other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine mastitis were typable with the set of swine phages.