• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2012

The demand for tooth-colored restorations has grown considerably during the last decade. Posterior composite restorations have risen in popularity as a result of the development of improved resin composites, bonding systems and operating techniques. A major limitation of direct composite restoration is the difficulty of controlling the polymerization shrinkage. To overcome this limitation, the indirect fabrication of a composite restoration and cementation with resin cement has been advocated. Unfortunately, the current available resin cements with indirect restorations do not always bond to dentin as strongly as dentin adhesive systems bond with direct resin composite restorations. Several procedural strategies have been proposed for indirect composite restoration. In this regard, the rationale for the indication, characteristics and clinical application is described in this paper. As a result, we will try to suggest the evidence-based guidelines for indirect composite restorations by reviewing each available indirect composite products, technical procedure and pronosis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to measure Micro vicker's hardness of 4 kinds of anterior Composite resins (Pyrofil light bond anterior, Lite-fil anterior, Photo clear fil anterior, Silux) and 6 kinds of posterior Composite resin (Pyrofil light bond posterior. Lite-fil posterior, Photo clear fil posterior, Occlusin posterior, Palfique light posterior, P-30, posterior) according to deference of depth and distance of light tip from surface of composite resin. Each composite resin was filled into Teflon tube of 5mm in diameter and 5mm in depth, celluloid matrix was covered and the light in accordance with each composite resin was irradiated in distance of zero millimeter and 1 cm from light tip to surface of composite resin for 30 seconds. Specimens were sectioned longitudinally with cutting device. Microvicker's hardness measurements ware made at the depth of surface, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm and 5mm from the surface to deep portion. Vicker's hardness numbers were taken on each depth under 200gm load for 30 seconds with MVK-E. The following results were: 1. The highest hardness value was measured at 1 mm depth. Then the deeper the depth, the lesser the hardness was observed. 2. The hardness value of anterior composite resins is lower than one of posterior composite resins. 3. Hardness number of composite resin irradiated in distance of zero millimeter from surface of composite resin was higher than one of 1 cm from surface of composite resin. 4. The pattern of hardness change at varying depth was similar to all the experimental material with no relation to distance of light from specimen.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.331-341
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to measure the polymerization contraction stress of two types of composite resins; chemical cured type(Cliarfil F II, Kuraray, Japan) and photo-cured type(Photo-Clearfil Bright, Kuraray, Japan). The stresses of composite resin by contraction measured with specially designed measuring device(Fig. 1). The stresses caused by shrinkage during hardening of specimens were measured according to the type of composite resins, thickness of specimen(0.65, 1.30 and 1.95mm), and ratio of catalyst to base in case of only chemical cured composite resin(0.5, 1.0 and 1.5). As the composite resin specimen shrank on hardening, the load cell recorded force vs time automatically on pen-recorder(Toa, Japan) with a cross-head speed 60mm/hr at 0~10 voltages up to 2 hours. The experiments were conducted in a room maintained at $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity $50{\pm}10%$. The results were as follows. 1. The contraction stress during hardening was higher in photo cured composite resin than in chemical cured composite resin. 2. The contraction stress during hardening was increased with thickness of composite resin specimen. 3. In chemical cured composite resin, the polymerization contraction stress was decreased with ratio of catalyst and base. 4. The contraction stress during polymerization was higher in early time after insertion of photo cured composite resin and chemical cured composite resin.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know the availability of two photosensitizers, PD, DA, as a photosensitizer instead of CQ in UDMA dental composite resin. We want to know photopolymerization effect of UDMA unfilled resin and surface hardness of composite resin containing PD and DA were compared with those of CQ, most widely used photosensitizer for dental composite resins. Methods: The photopolymerization effect of UDMA studied by FT-IR spectroscopy increased with irradiation time and the amount of photosensitizer. Knoop hardness of experimental composite resins prepared by the addition of the photosensitizer content and irradiation time. Results: The relative photopolymerization effect of UDMA increased in the order of PD > CQ > DA. The composite resin of UDMA containing DA or PD, which shows better Knoop hardness than that containing CQ. Conclusion: PD and DA show as effective photosensizers, suitable for UDMA dental composite resin compare with a higher efficiency than CQ.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 1982

The purpose of this study was to observe the tensile strength of composite resins to etched dentin surface with the various methods of placing bonding agent before composite resin or placing composite resin alone. Recently extracted 60 maxillary incisors were chosen. These were divided into 6 groups: Group I : Immediate Silar adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds without bonding agent. Group II : Immediate Silar adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds with bonding agent. Group III : Silar adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 37% phosphoric acid for 60 seconds after 5 minutes of bonding agent. Group IV : Immediate Enamelite adaptation to the etched dentin surfaces with 50% phosphoric acid for 120 seconds without bonding agent. Group V : Immediate Enamelite adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 50% phosphoric acid for 120 second s with bonding again. Group VI : Enamelite adaptation to the etched dentin surface with 50% phosphoric acid for 120 seconds after 5 minutes of bonding agent. All specimens were immersed in water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours before testing. The results were as follows: 1. The tensile strength of powder/liquid composite resin system was higher than that of pastel paste composite resin system. 2. The tensile strength of the composite resin group II, III, V, & VI with bonding agent was higher than that of the composite resin group I & IV without bonding agent. 3. The tensile strength of the composite resin group III & VI after 5 minutes added to bonding agent was higher than that of the composite resin group II & V immediately added to bonding agent.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2008

전치부 영역에서의 복합 레진을 이용한 수복물의 표면은 착색과 치태 침착이 적어야 하며 치은 조직에 좋은 내성을 갖도록 평활해야 한다. 레진 수복 후 여러 마무리 방법중 blade를 이용한 방법은 치은과 접해있는 변연 부위의 불필요한 레진을 제거하고 마무리하는데 있어 치은 손상을 최소화하면서 간편하게 이용할 수 있는 방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 nano-hybrid composite resin과 ormocer-based compostie resin 간의 여러 가지 마무리 방법에 있어 blade를 이용한 방법과 polishing을 시행한 경우의 표면 거칠기 및 nano계열과 ormocer 계열 복합 레진의 표면 특징을 비교하는 것으로 실험을 위해 가로 6mm, 세로 3mm, 높이 2mm의 금속 주형을 이용하여 레진 블록을 형성하고 대조군은 상면에 mylar strip을 위치시켜 광중합 하였으며, Ormocer - based composite resin ($Admira^{(R)}$)과 nanohybrid composite resin ($Grandio^{(R)}$)에서는 blade를 이용한 경우와 rubber polishing을 이용한 경우를 실험군으로 하였고, ormocer-based flowable composite resin ($Admira^{(R)}$ Flow)과 nanohybrid flowable composite resin ($Grandio^{(R)}$ Flow)에서는 blade를 이용한 경우, rubber polishing을 이용한 경우와 추가적으로 아무것도 시행하지 않은 경우를 실험군으로 하였다. 레진 블록의 표면은 profilometer 및 SEM을 이용하여 거칠기 및 조도를 비교하였으며 통계분석 하였다. 실험 결과 mylar stirp을 적용한 경우 Ra (${\mu}m$) 평균 값은 ormocer-base composite resin이 $0.25{\mu}m$, ormocer-based flowable resin $0.17{\mu}m$, nanohybrid composite resin $0.24{\mu}m$, nanohybrid flowable resin $0.18{\mu}m$ 였으며 blade를 적용한 경우 평균 값은 각각 $0.43{\mu}m$, $0.37{\mu}m$, $0.48{\mu}m$, $0.41{\mu}m$ 였다. 가장 낮은 Ra (${\mu}m$)은 mylar stirp을 적용한 시편에서 얻어졌으며, blade를 이용한 마무리 방법과 rubber polishing을 시행한 경우와 표면 거칠기 비교시 Ra (${\mu}m$)값에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다 (P>0.05). Nanohybrid composite resin이 blade로 마무리하거나 rubber polishing후 ormocer-based composite resin보다 표면 거칠기 증가율이 좀 더 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과는 blade를 이용한 마무리 방법이 다른 마무리 방법을 대체할 수 있을 것이라는 것을 보여주며, 이에 따라 본 실험 결과에 한정지어 볼 때 복합레진 수복후 마무리 방법으로 blade를 이용하여 시행하는 것이 적용가능 할 것이라 생각된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 mineral tiroxide aggregate의 긴 경화시간과 치아변색 등의 단점으로 인해 이를 대체하고자 최근 주목받고 있는 재료인 tricalcium silicate를 기반으로 한 치수복조제 중 Biodentine의 미세누출과 최종수복제로 가장 많이 쓰이는 composite resin간의 전단결합강도에 대하여 경화시간에 따른 차이를 비교 평가하는 것이다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 소 치아 70개를 이용하여 순면에 와동을 형성한 후 Biodentine을 충전하고 무작위로 10개씩 하위 군으로 나누어 12분, 45분, 24시간, 48시간, 1주일, 2주일, 1개월로 경화시간을 달리한 후 상방에 composite resin을 적용하여 시편을 제작하였다. 미세누출 평가를 위해 표본을 24시간 동안 0.5% fuchsin 용액에 침적한 뒤, 수세하고 건조하여 각 표본을 수주 하 디스크를 이용해 절반으로 나누어 20배의 비율로 실체현미경(Olympus SZ61, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan)을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 전단결합강도 평가를 위해 중심구를 가진 아크릴 레진 블록을 210개를 제작하고 중심구에 Biodentine을 채운 후 각각 30개씩 7개 군으로 나누어 12분, 45분, 24시간, 48시간, 1주일, 2주일, 1개월 경화시간 경과 후 상방에 composite resin을 적용하여 시편을 제작하였다. Universal testing machine을 이용하여 경화시간에 따른 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 연구결과, 미세누출에 있어서 24시간 이상 Biodentine 경화 후 상방에 composite resin 수복을 시행한 경우 미세누출을 최소화 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전단결합강도에 있어서도 Biodentine의 경화시간이 24시간 이상일 경우 composite resin의 중합수축을 상쇄할 수 있는 전단결합강도가 측정되었다. composite resin 수복 전 Biodentine을 24시간 이상 경화시키는 것이 임상적으로 더 나은 결과를 나타낼 것이다.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 1998

The improvement of esthetic dentistry has been accelerated from the development of composite resin and dentin-enamel adhesive since 1980's. The indirect composite resin restorations have more accurate proximal contact point and occlusal form than direct restoration. And the side effect of resin shrinkage is minimal because the amount of composite used in oral cavity is limited in cement space. As a results, marginal leakage, hypersensitivity, secondary caries, and discoloration are significantly diminished. The first generation laboratory composite resin used in indirect resin restoration had been widespread in 1980's and the second generation laboratory composite resins were developed in 1990's. The second generation laboratory composite resins are called Ceramic Polymer. The physical properties of Ceramic Polymer are improved because of high content of inorganic filler, and the esthetics and biocompatibility are better than that of the first generation resin. So the application range using composite resin have been broadened. The purpose of this paper is to introduce Targis & Vectris system that is classified to second generation laboratory composite and to report several cases in which the system was utilized for restoration.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 1988

The primary aim of this study was to access the degree of marginal leakage in composite resin inlay restorations. Class V cavities were prepared on sixty extracted premolars. They were classified as control group and experimental group 1, 2 and each group was filled with BIS-FIL $I^{(R)}$ and $Silux^{(R)}$ composite resins. In the control group, the composite resin was inserted directly, the experimental group 2 was inserted as composite resin inlay after heat treatment on $125^{\circ}C$, 10 minutes. Then thermocycling was performed 1000 times. After staining with 1% Basic Fuchsin, they were cut in Buccolingual direction and the degree of penetration of the dye was examined under L/M. The following results were obtained : 1. In occlusal margin area, difference in marginal leakage was not observed in all groups. 2. In gingival margin area, cavities filled with composite resin inlay was less marginal leakage than filled directly in BIS-FIL $I^{(R)}$ group, and statistical significant difference was not existed in $Silux^{(R)}$ group. 3. The statistical significance was not existed between composite resin inlay and composite resin inlay heated secondarily. 4. In all groups, gingival margin area reveals more marginal leakage than occlusal margin area and statistical significance was existed.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2019

본 연구에서 복합재료 구조 설계를 위한 수지 이송 성형 공법의 수지 침투 유동 해석을 수행하였다. 대상 복합재료 구조물은 유체 저장 탱크 구조물이다. 유체 저장 탱크 복합재료 구조물 설계를 위해 자연 섬유 복합재료가 적용되었다. 자연섬유 복합재 구조의 제작을 위해 수지 이송 성형 공법을 채택하였다. 탱크의 적절한 RTM 조건을 도출하기 위하여 수지 침투 유동 해석을 수행하였다. 수지 유동 해석은 상용 유한 요소 해석 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 활용하여 수행하였다. 수지 주입구와 배출구의 다양한 변경에 따른 반복적 해석을 수행하여 최적의 수지 주입 시간과 위치를 결정하였다.