• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

The apartment buildings now covers more than 50% of the total residential types in Korea and the urban residential area becomes increasingly congested with newly constructed high-rise apartment buildings. Judicial precedents require, for securing the solar rights in the residential area, that the consecutive sunshine duration should be at least two hours from 9:00 to 15:00 or the accumulative sunshine duration should be at least four hours from 8:00 to 16:00 as of the winter solstice. Disputes are increasing, however, on infringed solar rights and view rights for the neighboring structures as cases occur where the requirement cannot be satisfied in congested residential areas. The sunshine duration scan be assessed by measuring it on the site of the dispute, but it is impracticable to actually measure it for every case on the winter solstice, only one day out of the whole year. At a trial, therefore, 3D computer simulation is used to calculate the sunshine duration and determine the extent of infringement for submission of the evaluation to be used as the basis of the judgment. The simulation, however, may have an error in its result up to the program characteristics and the accuracy of the input data such as the structure shape and height, the distance between structures, and the ground level. This study, therefore, used a self-developed VIEW program with Autodesk VIZ 2006 to provide a simulation method for solar access evaluation, and verified its efficacy by comparing the results with the actual measurements.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2015

Shared housing for elderly people, where several elderly people live together, gains attention as a means to prevent the lonely death of elderly people and continuously maintain their social relations. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics planned through rural and urban areas-residing elderly people's participation in the shared housing spatial composition by area. This study conducted a small scale workshop panel method that targeted small group, but through which extensive information can be acquired, as a qualitative method. This study targeted 16 elderly people aged 65 and over living in rented apartments in rural and urban areas by dividing them two groups by area, namely into four groups. A total of 12 workshop sessions were held with three sessions at a time through a certain time interval. As a result of the study, the elderly people showed positive responses to the shared housing, irrelevant of area. As time went on, the workshop panel method's effect was revealed through consolidated positive attitude and agreement of different opinions. The shared housing for elderly people is valuable as a residential alternative for elderly people, and differentiated supply of the shared housing for elderly people, according to residential area's characteristics, is suggested.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.69-83
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• 2020

이 연구는 저층주거지 가로의 노상주차가 가로환경에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위한 사전 연구로서 실제 저층주거지를 대상으로 한 사례연구를 실시하였다. 우선, 이론적 배경과 선행연구 검토를 통해 저층주거지의 발생 배경과 변화 과정을 고찰하고, 주거지 가로환경에 영향을 주는 요소를 도출하였다. 다음으로, 선정기준을 바탕으로 송파구 방이2동의 주거지역을 사례 대상지로 선정하여 현장관찰을 실시한 후 가로, 건축물, 노상주차에 대한 현황분석을 실시하였다. 마지막으로, 앞서 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 저층주거지 가로의 위계와 건축물의 특성, 노상주차를 고려한 가로 유형화를 진행한 후 각 유형별 특성과 가로환경 개선을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 그 결과 노상주차는 사회적 합의가 이루어지기 어려운 주거지 가로에서 주로 발생하여 주거지 노상주차에 대한 대안 마련이 필요함을 시사하였다. 또한, 가로의 유형 분류 결과 동일한 지역의 이면도로라 할지라도 가로의 폭원과 저층부의 이용현황에 따라 다른 노상주차가 발생하고 그에 따른 해결방안이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2008

This study examined effects of demographic characteristics, mothers' perceived social pressure regarding their children's education, social conspicuousness, competitiveness, and self-esteem on the mothers' fervor for their children's education. These effects were analysed separately by residential area. A total of 231 mothers who had children attend middle school at Mok-dong and Ahyun-dong surveyed by questionnaire. There were significant differences based on the mothers' residential area. Mok-dong mothers have a higher perceived social pressure about child education, self-esteem, education fervor for their child, and monthly income and fathers' and mothers' education level than Ahyun-dong mothers. In Mok-dong mothers, only demographic characteristics of the family significantly explained the mothers' education fervor. Specifically, monthly income and fathers' education level were positively related to education fervor of Mok-dong mothers. Ahyun-dong mothers' social pressure about child education and self-esteem significantly explained mothers' education fervor for their child after controlling their demographic characteristics. Specifically, positive social pressure and positive self-esteem were positively related to mothers' education fervor about their child.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.91-99
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• 1999

The shortage house in seoul is an important issue of which has been caused by the population concentration. The apartments and large housing complex had begun to build up to solve its problems, but the apartments on a small scale have being constructed recently due to the growing of a land value. As a result of these, the problems appear to the system and organization of a present residential district. This study has a purpose of researching about the change in the sphere of resident system and the organization, as the apartments being made up on the present residential district.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the change in building density and residential environment after the reconstruction of decrepit public rental housing complexes formed in accordance with the Land Readjustment Project during the 1970s-80s. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, in terms of change in residential environment after the reconstruction, floor plans that were limited to two to four types and to small apartments measuring $42.9m^2$(13py)-$56.1m^2$ (17py) became varied, presenting 5-6 types of floor plans and various sizes of apartments. In particular, the reconstructed apartments were mainly built in a size smaller than 85($m^2$) and in the 3LDK floor plan and staircase-style unit architectural structure in order to reflect the lifestyle of residents. Second, in terms of change in building density after the reconstruction, the building coverage ratio did not change a lot, but the floor area ratio showed great change depending on the complex, ranging from a minimum of 2.9 times (Singdong Complex) to a maximum of 5.4 times (Eoyangdong Complex). Such change is attributable to the reconstruction policy that aims to improve the residential environment for original residents, secure economic feasibility and efficiency, and reflect the lifestyle of residents while incorporating dividends assigned to the existing housing project members as well as the maximum floor area ratio allowed by the regulation. Additionally, in terms of change in the number of floors and building density after the reconstruction, the former 5-story apartments were changed to apartments with 16-28 stories. Accordingly, the number of households in each complex has also increased by 20%. Third, according to the characteristics of parking facilities in terms of the size and density of parking spaces, former apartment complexes had only aboveground parking lots, not underground parking area. The newly constructed apartment complexes have underground parking space, and the parking-housing ratio is 1.1-1.3 cars.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2000

PM10, which is below 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in a diameter, has a high deposition in the lung or the bronchus by breathing and is generally composed of a lot of organic matters, viruses, algae, mold, and metallic elements that are very toxic to people. This study identified the characteristics of concentration of PM10 and air-borne jmetallic elements produced in the industrial city, Ulsan, and analyzed the correlatuion between sources and generation patterns of PM10 and metallic elements. We classified the five areas(green, residential, heavy traffic, mechanic, and petrochemcal and non-ferrous metal) which might have different characteristics of sources of PM10 and metallic elements. The average concentrations of PM10 in the five areas were as follows(petrochemical and non-ferrous metal(99.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>mechanic(77.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>heavy traffic(47.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>residential(39.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)>green(32.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥)). Those of petrochemical and non-ferrous metal areas were higher than other areas. In this study, the average concentration trend of metallic elements contained in PM10 are shown as follows: Fe>Zn>Pb>Cu>Mn>Cr>As>Cd>Sn>Hg, respectively. The metallic elements identified in PM10 showed the highest concentration in the petrochemical and non-ferrous areas. Metal combinations showed that a high correlation among concentrations of heavy metals were as follows: As, Cd and Fe in the residential area; Zn, Mn, Cu and Pb in the mechanical area; and Zn, Cu, As, Pb in the petrochemical and non-ferrous industrial area.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the universal design characteristics in residential environments. The subjects were 135 physically disabled persons who lived in the rental multi-family housing apartments in Pusan. Interview method was used for this study. They were an average age of 51 years and 63% were male. They were low income families and lived in 12 pyung ($39.75\textrm{m}^2$) apartments. They were asked about what housing characteristics were constraints in their daily living. They pointed out that the constraints in their apartments were as follows: 1) the small amount of space in the bathroom, kitchen, bedroom, and the entrance area of housing unit, 2) the unflat floor level between the bathroom and the hallway, or the balcony and the bedroom, 3) the slippery floor finish in the bathroom, 4) lack of grab bars or handrails in the bathroom and the ramp, 5) the kitchen work centers and the electric switches at improper height, and 6) the steep ramp. Therefore, the universal design characteristics in residential environments were the adequate amount of space, flat floor level, non-slippery floor finish, grab bars or handrails, accessible height, and ramp.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.558-568
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• 2011

Hazardous volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) have been increasingly getting concern in urban air chemistry due to photochemical smog as well as its toxicity or potential hazards. In this study, we investigated their concentrations and the properties in tunnel, urban roadside and residential area. As a result, among 36HVOCs measured in this study, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene) and dichlorodifluoromethane, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, trichlorofluoromethane were detected above the concentration of $1{\mu}g/m^3$ in every sampling site and the most abundant compound was toluene. The other compounds were detected at trace level or below the detection limit. In addition, we found that three CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), such as CFC-12, CFC-11, CFC-113, were persistently detected because of the emission in the past. Toluene to benzene ratio (T/B) at tunnel and roadside were calculated to be 4.3~5.3 and at residential area 15.4, suggesting that the residential area had several emission sources other than car exhaust. The ratio of X/E (m,p-xylene to ethylbenzene) ratio was calculated to be 1.8~2.1 at tunnel, 1.7 at roadside and 1.2 at residential area, which means this ratio reflected well the relative photochemical reactivity between these compounds. Good correlation between m,p-xylene and ethylbenzene ($r^2$ > 0.85) were shown in every study sites. This indicated that correlation between $C_2$-alkylbenzenes were not severely affected by 3-way catalytic converter. In this study, it was demonstrated that the concentration of benzene was very low, compared with national air quality standard (annual average of $5{\mu}g/m^3$). Its concentration were $2.52{\mu}g/m^3$ in roadside and $1.34{\mu}g/m^3$ in residential area. We thought this was the result of persistent policy implementation including the reduction of benzene content in gasoline enforced on January 1, 2009.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the unique characteristics of the vernacular house of Ulleung-Do(island), which shows a different residential culture from the main land. For this purpose, this study examined the characteristics of the location, spatial arrangement, and floor-plan of the house and also tried to understand how these basic elements were changed and why these changes were occurred. The result of this study is as follows: First, the house was located on the mountain area and was oriented toward the various bearings. Second, the house usually did not have annexes and most residential space was installed on a main building. Third, the floor-plan of the house was developed from a basic two-Kan (with single row) house type in a early settlement period to three-Kan, four-Kan, and five-Kan house types in later periods. While the development of house type proceeded. the main building was functioned as a complex space for both residential and storage purposes. Some houses were gradually developed into a middle and upper-class house shape by installing annexes. The change of the floor-plan and the house size was the result of self-sustained living culture influenced by the natural environment of the island and of changes of residential conditions as well.