• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.138-144
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• 2011

Exaggerated blood pressure response during exercise has been found to increase the risk of future hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, cerebrovascular stroke, and CVD (cardiovascular disease) death. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity, cardiovascular factors in exaggerated blood pressure response during treadmill exercise testing. For research subjects, 72 subjects (normal blood response: 49 subjects, exaggerated blood response: 23 subjects) who received treadmill exercise test at J General Hospital were selected in this study. Exaggerated SBP (systolic blood pressure) response was defined as an SBP of 210 mmHg or greater during a maximal treadmill exercise test. The group with an exaggerated SBP response showed significantly higher values for RPP (rate pressure product) compared with the group with a normal SBP response. Subjects with METs (metabolic equivalents) had lower exaggerated SBP response than normal SBP response group. Subjects with recovery SBP had delayed exaggerated SBP response than normal SBP response group. Exaggerated SBP response to exercise is negative correlation with METs.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether normal saline(NS) acupuncture is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for Cervi Cornu Parvum herbal acupuncture(CC). Methods : NS and CC were injected into Quchi($LI_{11}$) of the subjects. The subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 21 kinds of acupuncture sensation(hurting, penetrating, sharp, aching, intense, spreading, radiating, tingling, pricking, stinging, pulling, heavy, dull, numb, electric, shocking, hot, burning, cool, pulsing, and throbbing) and side effects. We compared subjective evaluations of acupuncture sensation and side effects between two groups. Results : As for CC most of the acupuncture sensation items were not significantly different from NS especially in less acupuncture-experienced subjects(average 2, below 10 time experiences) rather than more acupuncture-experienced subjects(above 10 time experiences). Conclusions : We found that NS might be an appropriate placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in small amount of acupuncture-experienced subjects. Further study is needed for new placebo herbal acupuncture for CC in more acupuncture-experienced subjects.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.113-122
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine and understand body image, appearance behaviors, and eating disturbances among females in the Diet Center. Subjects for this research were 40 females enrolled at the Diet Center in Seoul. They were interviewed for this study using an interview schedule at September in 2004. As a result, most of the subjects (87%) were dissatisfied with their bodies, especially their lower body such as hip, thighs, legs, stomach. Subjects tended to use dieting and fasting (46.3%) as the most common appearance management behaviors in relation to the body parts. Make-up (32.9%) was also used as routine appearance behaviors, while 37.5% of subjects have had cosmetic surgery on eyes, nose and liposuction. Sixty percent of subjects had participated in Diet center programs more than twice. This may mean that society pressures women to have a slim body, which then will result in more self-confidence. Subjects tend to engage in unhealthy eating behaviors, such as 'fasting', 'inducing vomit', 'using diet pills or laxatives', and 'after chewing, spit out'. Based on these results, socio-cultural body image regarding ideal beauty would be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to find out apparel fit satisfaction according to item(jacket, pants, skirt) by body perception and body satisfaction. This research was done by a survey method. Descriptive Statistics, Pearson's Correlation, Crosstabs were used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. 1) Correlation between body perception and body satisfaction : The subjects were less satisfied with larger or thicker girth of upper body. The subjects were less satisfied with thicker upper arm, lower arm, waist and lower abdomen. The subjects were more satisfied with taller height. The subjects were less satisfied with larger or thicker girth of lower body. The subjects were less satisfied with thicker hips. thighs, calves, ankles, and longer crotch length. However, they were more satisfied with longer legs. 2) Apparel fit by body perception and body satisfaction: The subjects who were less satisfied with thicker upper arm, waist, thighs and wider hips were less satisfied with the upper arm area, waist area. hip area of jacket. The subjects who were more satisfied with longer arms were more satisfied with the sleeve length of jacket. The subjects who were less satisfied with wider shoulder width were less satisfied with the upper back width of jacket. It means the shoulder width affected more the upper back width of jacket than shoulder width of jacket. The subjects who were less satisfied with wider hips were less satisfied with the hip area of pants and skirt. The subjects who were less satisfied with thicker thighs were less satisfied with the thigh area and the hip area of pants and skirt. The subjects who were less satisfied with longer crotch length were less satisfied with the crotch length of pants. 3) Difference between actual body and perceived body by Rohrer Index: Rohrer Index 109 calculated by average of the ideal height(165.83cm) and weight(49.78kg) of the subjects ranged in thin body type(below 120). The subjects tended to perceived their bodies fatter than their actual bodies. Also, the subjects tended to perceived their lower bodies fatter than upper bodies.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2003

This study investigated the relationship of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection to iron-deficiency anemia in high school girls. Four hundred and fourty-five subjects resided in Ulsan City in Korea were evaluated by questionnaire or blood analysis for serum indicators of iron status, daily nutrient intakes, symptoms of anemia, and H. pylori IgG antibody status. In H. pylori infected subjects, total energy intake of was 1534.14±350.81 kcal (73.0% of the Korean RDA), the iron intake of subjects was 11.38±3.90 mg (71.1% of Korean RDA) and calcium intake was 467.63±175.96 mg (58.3% of the Korean RDA). Carbohydrate (p < 0.05), vitamin A (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.01) intakes were significantly lower in infected subjects than in non-infected subjects. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) < 12 g/dL.) in H. pylori infected subjects was 22.7% as compared to 14.7% in non-infected subjects. The mean serum ferritin of infected subjects (21.71±21.50 ng/mL) was significantly lower than in non-infected subjects (p < 0.05) (as was the mean Hb concentration (12.54±1.51 g/dL) and hematocrit (37.99±3.64%)). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) of H. pylori infected subjects (449.09±78.23 ㎍/dL) was significantly higher than that of non-infected subjects (432.99＋76.15 ㎍/dL) (P < 0.05). The levels of iron, red blood cell (RBC) and transferrin saturation were similar in infected and non-infected subjects. Two symptoms of anemia, 'pale face (p < 0.01)' and 'decreased ability to concentrate (p < 0.005)', were significantly higher in H. pylori infected subjects than in non-infected subjects. High school girls are known to be more vulnerable to iron deficiency than other age groups, and this research demonstrates that infection with H. pylori increases their risk of iron-deficiency anemia.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2005

Leptin is a small polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by adipocytes. Leptin regulates energy balance by decreasing food intake and increasing energy expenditure. This study investigated the relationships between serum leptin levels and BMI (body mass index) in 49 adults in Pohang, Korea. The subjects were 25 males and 24 females, aged 21 to 64 years attending an outpatient clinic at Handong University Sunlin Presbyterian Hospital. Values are given +/- the standard error of the mean. Our study shows that the serum leptin levels in these subjects were positively correlated with BMI. The leptin levels were higher in females (2.39+/-1.82 ng/mL) than in males (0.43+/-0.455ng/mL), although lower than previously reported. We therefore compared the serum leptin levels from the male Korean subjects (BMI 24.3+/-0.74㎏/㎡) with serum from six British males with a similar BMI (23.4+/-1.48㎏/㎡). The serum leptin concentrations (1.76+/-0.76 ng/mL) were lower than that of plasma (4.28+/-1.66 ng/mL) in the British subjects. The serum leptin in the British subjects (1.76+/-0.76ng/mL) was higher than that in the Koreans. There was no correlation between leptin levels and BMI in either male (slope 0.018 ± 0.036, p=0.624) or female (slope 0.382±0.433, p=0.417) type 2 diabetic patients in Pohang, Korea. Taken together, our study shows that the serum leptin level in Koreans varies with the BMI, but is lower than that of BMI-matched British subjects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.198-210
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• 1999

This study is to investigate sleep patterns of rheumatoid arthritis patients through a survey research. The subjects for this study were 97 patients registered in Hanyang University Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Center, and the period of data collection was from July 15, 1998 to August 30, 1998. The research instruments used in this study were the measures of sleep, pain, and fatigue, and SPSSWIN 8.0 Program was used for data analysis. The research results are as follows ; The patients went to bed between 11 and 12 p.m., but many of them found difficulty in falling asleep within 5 minutes. They woke up quite early at around 4 to 6 o'clock in the morning and remained in bed about 1 hour. Only 39 percent of the subjects reported satisfaction with their sleep. Fifty six percent of the subjects took a nap, generally did in the afternoon and 22.7 percent of them napped for half an hour. They suffered sleep disturbance, but their sleep environments were calm and comfortable, and they turn off the light when they went to sleep. As for the quality of sleep, over 50 percent of the subjects reported not being able to sleep deeply, 30 percent of the subjects woke up frequently during sleep, 60 percent experienced frequent arousal after sleep onset. Over 90 subjects slept for 6 to 8 hours. This shows that even though they had rheumatoid arthritis, the patients remained in bed for a sufficient period of time. They also reported waking up or turning frequently during sleep. The sense of fatigue from sleep disturbance scored a relatively high 35.84 points on average against the possible score of 64 points. Behavior for sleep promotion was very active. Sleep disturbance occurred in proportion to the sense of fatigue and pain, and was negatively correlated with quality of sleep. The pain had positive correlations with the illness duration, sleep disturbance and had a negative correlation with the quality of sleep.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.365-371
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• 2015

This experimental research explores the effect of the movie that can be classified as non-news media on viewers' political and social attitude on the theoretical basis of priming effect, focused on the movie 'cart' that deals with non-regular workers' labor movement. For this experimental research, one group of subjects composed of university students were exposed to movie 'cart', and the other not to the movie. After watching a movie, each group of subjects responded to questions that are designed to measure the seriousness of non-regular workers' problem, the necessity of labor movement, support of opposition party, support of the current government. This research found that subjects exposed to the movie 'cart' consider non-regular workers' problem more serious and supports opposition party more positively than subjects not exposed to movie 'cart.' However hypotheses that expected the positive support of treated subjects on labor union and less positive support of treated subjects on current government were rejected.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1231-1241
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient supplement use and its related influencing factors by high school students in Chonbuk area. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 489 (urban: 268, rural: 221). Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows. According to the general characteristic of subjects, the job and education level of parents and family monthly income respectively affected the nutrient supplement use of subjects (p<0.001). According to the living area, taking a nutrient supplement of parents and nutritional information respectively affected the nutrient supplement use of subjects (p<0.001). About 42.2% of subjects, who taking a nutrient supplement, responded to take a traditional medicine type, and 24.4% of them a multivitamin. Their mothers were important recommended person. The main reason for taking was 'to recommended from parent' (38.5%) and 'recovery from tiredness' (29.6%). The main reason for not-taking was that they were health, therefore nutrient supplements were not necessary. In the future about 43.7% of urban and 33.9% of rural area responded to take a nutrient supplements (p<0.05). These findings show that the behaviors of nutritional supplement usage by subjects are not reasonable, and their supplement usage tends to be affected by general characteristics. Therefore, nutritional understanding and education that are intended to from reasonable behaviors toward nutritional supplement usage of adolescents should be provided with considering the relationship between general characteristic of subjects and supplement usage.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.195-210
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• 2009

This study explores knowledge structures of science and technology disciplines using a cocitation analysis of journal subject categories with the publication data of a science & technology oriented university in Korea. References cited in the articles published by the faculty of the university were analyzed to produce MDS maps and network centralities. For the whole university research domain, six clusters were created including clusters of Biology related subjects, Medicine related subjects, Chemistry plus Engineering subjects, and multidisciplinary sciences plus other subjects of multidisciplinary nature. It was found that subjects of multidisciplinary nature and Biology related subjects function as central nodes in knowledge communication network in science and technology. Same analysis procedure was applied to two natural science disciplines and another two engineering disciplines to present knowledge structures of the departmental research domains.