• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2006

We demonstrate highly manufacturable Multi-channel Field Effect Transistor (McFET) on bulk Si wafer. McFET shows excellent transistor characteristics, such as $5{\sim}6 times higher drive current than planar MOSFET, ideal subthreshold swing, low drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) without pocket implantation and negligible body bias dependency, maintaining the same source/drain resistance as that of a planar transistor due to the unique feature of McFET. And suitable threshold voltage ($V_T$) for SRAM operation and high static noise margin (SNM) are achieved by using TiN metal gate electrode.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2006

We propose a damascene gate FinFET with Si nanocrystals implemented on bulk silicon wafer for low voltage flash memory device. The use of optimized SRON (Silicon-Rich Oxynitride) process allows a high degree of control of the Si excess in the oxide. The FinFET with Si nanocrystals shows high program/erase (P/E) speed, large $V_{TH}$ shifts over 2.5V at 12V/$10{\mu}s$ for program and -12V/1ms for erase, good retention time, and acceptable endurance characteristics. Si nanocrystal memory with damascene gate FinFET is a solution of gate stack and voltage scaling for future generations of flash memory device. Index Terms-FinFET, Si-nanocrystal, SRON(Si-Rich Oxynitride), flash memory device.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2013

Swiprosin-1 exhibits the highest expression in $CD8^+$ T cells and immature B cells and has been proposed to play a role in lymphocyte biology through actin remodeling. However, regulation of swiprosin-1 gene expression is poorly understood. Here we report that swiprosin-1 is up-regulated in T cells by PKC pathway. Targeted inhibition of the specific protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes by siRNA revealed that $PKC-{\theta}$ is involved in the expression of swiprosin-1 in the human T cells. In contrast, down-regulation of swiprosin-1 by A23187 or ionomycin suggests that calcium-signaling plays a negative role. Interestingly, swiprosin-1 expression is only reduced by treatment with $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitors but not by NF-AT inhibitor, suggesting that the $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway is critical for regulation of swiprosin-1 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that swiprosin-1 is a $PKC-{\theta}$-inducible gene and that it may modulate the late phase of T cell activation after antigen challenge.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.496-504
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• 2022

Background: Cigarette smoke (CS) is considered a principal cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a product of ginsenoside metabolism, has various biological activities. Studies on the effects of CK for the treatment of COPD and mucus hypersecretion, including the underlying signaling mechanism, have not yet been conducted. Methods: To study the protective effects and molecular mechanism of CK, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced human airway epithelial (NCI-H292) cells were used as a cellular model of airway inflammation. An experimental mouse COPD model was also established via CS inhalation and intranasal administration of lipopolysaccharide. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 secretion, as well as elastase activity and reactive oxygen species production, were determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Inflammatory cell influx and mucus secretion in mouse lung tissues were estimated using hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining, respectively. PKCδ and its downstream signaling molecules were analyzed via western blotting. Results: CK prevented the secretion of MUC5AC and TNF-α in PMA-stimulated NCI-H292 cells and exhibited a protective effect in COPD mice via the suppression of inflammatory mediators and mucus secretion. These effects were accompanied by an inactivation of PKCδ and related signaling in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: CK suppressed pulmonary inflammation and mucus secretion in COPD mouse model through PKC regulation, highlighting the compound's potential as a useful adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of COPD.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 1997

The antigenic potential of CFA-001, cefazolin, a cephalosporin derivative produced by an enzy-matic semisynthesis, was determined in Hartley guinea pigs. A battery of tests employed consisted of active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). The results were as follows: 1) In ASA, no signs attributable to anaphylaxis was observed in guinea pigs sensitized with CFA-001, whereas OVA-sensitized animals induced severe anaphylactic symptoms; 2) guinea pigs did not produce antibodies against CFA-001 when sensitized with or without Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in homologous PCA tests. Meanwhile, antibodies against ovalbumin (OVA) were clearly detected; 3) No CFA-001-specific hemagglutination was observed in the IHA using sera obtained from CFA-001- sensitized guinea pigs. These results suggest that CFA-001 has no antigenicity potential in guinea pigs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.156-159
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• 2005

The protective effect of Naoxingtong (NXT) on rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (rCMEC) was investigated. rCMEC was injured in vitro by incubating for 4 hours at 100% NO in a hypoxia chamber. After treated with NXT-containing serum, the cellular viability rate (90.3%) was significantly elevated when compared with that of control group and the inhibitive rate of lactic dehydrogenase activity (9.2%) was far lower than the control group with dose-dependent effect. The results indicate that NXT can increase viability of rCMEC, and protect cell membrane from injury during hypoxia.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.74-75
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• 2004

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.291-298
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• 2005

To characterize cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ fluctuations under metabolic inhibition, rat ventricular myocytes were exposed to $200{\mu}M$ 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and mitochondrial $Ca^{2+}$, mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$), and cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ were measured, using Rhod-2 AM, TMRE, and Fluo-4 AM fluorescent dyes, respectively, by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM). Furthermore, the role of sarcolemmal $Na^+$/$Ca^{2+}$ exchange (NCX) in cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ efflux was studied in KB-R7943 and $Na^+$-free normal Tyrode's solution (143 mM LiCl ). When DNP was applied to cells loaded with Fluo-4 AM, Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity initially increased by $70{\pm}10$% within $70{\pm}10$ s, and later by $400{\pm}200$% at $850{\pm}45$ s. Fluorescence intensity of both Rhod-2 AM and TMRE were initially decreased by DNP, coincident with the initial increase of Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity. When sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) $Ca^{2+}$ was depleted by $1{\mu}M thapsigargin plus $10{\mu}M ryanodine, the initial increase of Fluo-4 AM fluorescence intensity was unaffected, however, the subsequent progressive increase was abolished. KB-R7943 delayed both the first and the second phases of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ overload, while $Na^+$-free solution accelerated the second. The above results suggest that: 1) the initial rise in cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ under DNP results from mitochondrial depolarization; 2) the secondary increase is caused by progressive $Ca^{2+}$ release from SR; 3) NCX plays an important role in transient cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ shifts under metabolic inhibition with DNP.

• Annals of Coloproctology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.292-298
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• 2018

Purpose: This study compared the perioperative clinical outcomes of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) with those of conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPLS) for patients with sigmoid colon cancer and investigated the safety and feasibility of RPLS performed by 1 surgeon and 1 camera operator. Methods: From the beginning of 2010 until the end of 2014, 605 patients underwent a colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer. We compared the characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and pathologic results for the patients who underwent RPLS and for the patients who underwent MPLS. We also compared the clinical outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and 3-port laparoscopic surgery. Results: Of the 115 patients in the RPLS group, 59 underwent SILS and 56 underwent 3-port laparoscopic surgery. The MPLS group included 490 patients. The RPLS group had shorter operating time ($137.4{\pm}43.2minutes$ vs. $155.5{\pm}47.9minutes$, P < 0.001) and shorter incision length ($5.3{\pm}2.2cm$ vs. $7.8{\pm}1.2cm$, P < 0.001) than the MPLS group. In analyses of SILS and 3-port laparoscopic surgery, the SILS group showed younger age, longer operating time, and shorter incision length than the 3-port surgery group and exhibited a more advanced T stage, more lymphatic invasion, and larger tumor size. Conclusion: RPLS performed by 1 surgeon and 1 camera operator appears to be a feasible and safe surgical option for the treatment of patients with sigmoid colon cancer, showing comparable clinical outcomes with shorter operation time and shorter incision length than MPLS. SILS can be applied to patients with favorable tumor characteristics.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 2023

Purpose: To validate the effectiveness of obtaining consent education on errors in the consent process and to develop the education program for researchers. Methods: From February 2019 to February 2022, a 30-minute, 1:1 face-to-face consent education developed using the ADDIE model was conducted on 78 nurses as principal investigators. An informed consent audit tool, which includes 6 items developed by Asan Medical Center Human Research Protection Center, was used to analyze errors in obtaining informed consent process. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS ver. 25.0, and the Mann-Whitney U-test and χ²-test were utilized to verify the difference in errors between the experimental and control groups. Results: The participants consisted of 42 in the experimental group and 36 in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Both 2 groups showed the highest frequency of documentation errors, followed by format errors, errors related to a suitability of investigator, participant, or participant's legally acceptable representative, witness and confidentiality issues. After education, there was a significant decrease in both format errors (p=0.002) and documentation errors (p<0.001) in the experimental group. The proportion of participants without any errors in all items was higher in the experimental group (35.7%) compared to the control group (5.6%), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: The obtaining consent education program was found to be effective in reducing informed consent errors. This study emphasizes the importance of education, suggesting the need for its expansion and accessibility, as well as the necessity for all researchers conducting clinical studies to receive the obtaining consent education.