• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2019

This study is about the process capability index (PCI). In this study, we introduce several indices including the index $C_{PR}$ and present the characteristics of the $C_{PR}$ as well as its validity. The difference between the other indices and the $C_{PR}$ is the way we use to estimate the standard deviation. Calculating the index, most indices use sample standard deviation while the index $C_{PR}$ uses range R. The sample standard deviation is generally a better estimator than the range R. But in the case of the panel process, the $C_{PR}$ has more consistency than the other indices at the point of non-conforming ratio which is an important term in quality control. The reason why the $C_{PR}$ using the range has better consistency is explained by introducing the concept of 'flatness ratio'. At least one million cells are present in one panel, so we can't inspect all of them. In estimating the PCI, it is necessary to consider the inspection cost together with the consistency. Even though we want smaller sample size at the point of inspection cost, the small sample size makes the PCI unreliable. There is 'trade off' between the inspection cost and the accuracy of the PCI. Therefore, we should obtain as large a sample size as possible under the allowed inspection cost. In order for $C_{PR}$ to be used throughout the industry, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the $C_{PR}$. Because the $C_{PR}$ is a kind of index including subgroup concept, the analysis should be done at the point of sample size of the subgroup. We present numerical analysis results of $C_{PR}$ by the data from the random number generating method. In this study, we also show the difference between the $C_{PR}$ using the range and the $C_P$ which is a representative index using the sample standard deviation. Regression analysis was used for the numerical analysis of the sample data. In addition, residual analysis and equal variance analysis was also conducted.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2001

The treatment of Patients with bacteraemia and septicemia requires accurate and rapid identification of the pathogen so that the physician can be guided regarding the selection of the proper antimicrobial therapy. The usual procedure is to withdraw an aliquot of the positive blood culture sample for gram staining and subculturing on the media for the growth and subsequent identification, and susceptibility determinations. It was noticed that during the process some microbiologists would sniff the effluent gases that are products of metabolism and in some cases guess the identity of the bacterium. That Prompted us to engage in systematic investigation of two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria using an electronic nose that had been proven successful in distinguishing the aroma of coffee beans from different sources. The investigation was successful in illustrating the efficacy of such a device in this clinical setting to distinguish Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. A representative set of patterns obtained with this apparatus is displayed as well. A representative set of patterns obtained with this apparatus is displayed as well. No effort was made to determine an optimal set of sensors for some specific set of bacterial metabolism gaseous products.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2017

The Korean Academic Multimode Open Survey (KAMOS) is a national survey first conducted in 2016. Stratified cluster random sampling was used in an initial face-to-face survey during which panel members were recruited. The second survey allowed invited panel members to answer online or by phone. KAMOS includes both longitudinal items and omnibus items, i.e., researchers can propose questions to include on KAMOS. This paper seeks to establish that KAMOS is representative of the South Korean adult population. The demographic variables from the first survey were comparable to demographic variables from two well-respected surveys in South Korea: the KOSTAT Social Survey and the Gallup Korea Omnibus Survey. To ensure that there was no substantial difference between those who answered the first survey and those who answered the second survey, we compared the results of 22 items from the first survey. The 2,000 panel members who were invited to participate in the second survey had similar responses to the 1,008 of those who responded to the second survey. Based on our findings, KAMOS can be considered a representative sample.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2019

In this study, two original spectral representations of stationary stochastic fields, say the continuous proper orthogonal decomposition (CPOD) and the frequency-wavenumber spectral representation (FWSR), are derived from the Fourier-Stieltjes integral at first. Meanwhile, the relations between the above two representations are discussed detailedly. However, the most widely used conventional Monte Carlo schemes associated with the two representations still leave two difficulties unsolved, say the high dimension of random variables and the incompleteness of probability with respect to the generated sample functions of the stochastic fields. In view of this, a dimension-reduction model involving merely one elementary random variable with the representative points set owing assigned probabilities is proposed, realizing the refined description of probability characteristics for the stochastic fields by generating just several hundred representative samples with assigned probabilities. In addition, for the purpose of overcoming the defects of simulation efficiency and accuracy in the FWSR, an improved scheme of non-uniform wavenumber intervals is suggested. Finally, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is adopted to further enhance the simulation efficiency of the horizontal stochastic wind velocity fields. Numerical examplesfully reveal the validity and superiorityof the proposed methods.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.607-616
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develope a practical color range for the fashion industry in Korea. 3623 color sample used by 109 brands from'93 spring/summer to'96 spring/summer were collected. Also, the application frequency and consumer responses of each collected colorwere analyzed in this study. To clarify the characterstics of color range used in the fashion industry, density of color was etermined by color clustering based on A: and consumer responses. The resultsof this study were as follow; 1. The result analyzed based on the Munsell System revealed that the distributions of hue were concentrated in R, YR, Y, and PB. The chroma was concenturated mostly in the low range and the value, on the contrary, showed relatively even distribution. 2. 458 representative colors were selected by color clustering based on the toEless than 1. 0. In addition, the frequency of color applications and consumer responses were also considered when selecting the colors frequently used in the fashion industry and finals, 1163 colors wereobtained. The color range of the representative colors showed similar color characteristics with the 3623 colors supplied by the fashion industry. As a results, this approach was proven to appropriate to develope a color range for a practical use. 3. In conclusion, around 1200 colors were suggested to organize the color range to reflect the characteristics of the fashion industry with an acceptable color differance for color planning and management.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2000

불연속면의 분석은 방향성 데이터로서 적은 표본을 가지고 암반의 전체를 추론해야 하는 문제를 갖고 있다. 실험실에서 분석된 표본은 시추공에 의하여 분석된 데이터이므로 그 크기가 제한되어 있어, 거대한 암석을 분석하는 것은 대단히 어렵다. 따라서 이런 표본을 이용하여 거대한 암석의 대표 방향성, 집락 정도, 불연속면의 간격, 암석의 크기를 결정하는 연장성에 관하여 가정된 분포 하에서 계산하고, 이를 이용하여 암석의 분포형태를 관찰할 수 있는 확률 절리망을 그리는 알고리즘을 연구한다. 그리고 실제 불연속면 데이터를 적용하여 이들을 구하고 확률절리망을 작성한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1019-1030
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a pattern of flight attendant uniform shirts to provide better comfort for their work postures. Flight attendants' work postures were evaluated to determine the problems of clothing and mobility during their work. The pattern of the flight attendants' uniform shirt was altered by applying dynamic wearing ease(DWE). DWE was calculated from four standardized dynamic postures and a static posture. An experimental garment was made with the altered postures. The researcher redesigned the pattern of the uniform shirts, which minimizes physical limitations in movements. The fit and mobility of the shirts were evaluated. Results of this study are as follows. First, the five representative work postures were selected by "clothing stress" and "repetitiveness." These postures included raised arms, twisting midriff and shoulder postures. Five representative postures were selected by using the ergonomic posture assessment device index(OWAS). Second, the experimental garment was developed by applying DWE across the back and at armhole depth, back length, and side length. Third, the fit and mobility of the experimental garments and the original uniform shirts were compared at the flight working environment set and 5 dynamic body postures of raising arms. The experimental garments made with an altered pattern provided better fit and mobility than the original sample shirts.

• 천문학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2014

We present results of our investigation of the radio intrinsic brightness temperatures of compact radio jets. The intrinsic brightness temperatures of about 100 compact radio jets at 2, 5, 8, 15, and 86 GHz are estimated based on large VLBI surveys conducted in 2001-2003 (or in 1996 for the 5 GHz sample). The multi-frequency intrinsic brightness temperatures of the sample of jets are determined by a statistical method relating the observed brightness temperatures with the maximal apparent jet speeds, assuming one representative intrinsic brightness temperature for a sample of jets at each observing frequency. By investigating the observed brightness temperatures at 15 GHz in multiple epochs, we find that the determination of the intrinsic brightness temperature for our sample is affected by the flux density variability of individual jets at time scales of a few years. This implies that it is important to use contemporaneous VLBI observations for the multi-frequency analysis of intrinsic brightness temperatures. Since our analysis is based on the VLBI observations conducted in 2001-2003, the results are not strongly affected by the flux density variability. We find that the intrinsic brightness temperature $T_0$ increases as $T_0{\propto}{\nu}^{\xi}_{obs}$ with ${\xi}=0.7$ below a critical frequency ${\nu}_c{\approx}9GHz$ where the energy loss begins to dominate the emission. Above ${\nu}_c$, $T_0$ decreases with ${\xi}=-1.2$, supporting the decelerating jet model or particle cascade model. We also find that the peak value of $T_0{\approx}3.4{\times}10^{10}$ K is close to the equipartition temperature, implying that the VLBI cores observable at 2-86 GHz may be representing jet regions where the magnetic field energy dominates the total energy in jets.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 높은 해상력의 IRS-1C PAN 데이터와 다양한 관측파장대를 갖고 있는 Landsat TM 데이터를 사용하여, 화상중합방법의 대표적 방법인 IHS방법으로 중합화상을 작성하고, IHS중합화상 및 원화상을 이용하여 토지이용분류를 수행하는데 있어서 어떤 칼라합성밴드가 유효한지를 밝히는데 그 목적이 있다. 분류결과를 평가하기 위해서 10개의 분류항목으로 구성된 sample data를 생성시켰으며, 생성된 sample data의 전체정확도(overall accuracy)로서 분류결과를 평가하였다. 그 결과 Landsat TM 데이터와 IRS-1C PAN데이터를 IHS방법으로 중합하여 토지이용분류를 수행할 경우, TM4, TM5 및 TM7의 적외선영역(infrared spectral region)의 밴드 중 2개 밴드를 포함시켜 분류를 수행하는 것이 좋았으며, 특히 TM 247 중합화상의 경우 분류정확도가 11.8%로 향상되어 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 토지이용분류를 수행할 경우 3밴드를 중합하여 사용하는 경우보다 1% 원화상에 IRS-1C PAN화상을 추가하여 사용하는 경우의 정확도가 전체적으로 높았다.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.103-130
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• 2004

통계청에서 매월 실시하는 주요 가구부문 경상조사에는 경제활동인구조사와 가계조사가 있다. 이 두 조사의 표본은 인구주택총조사 자료를 표본틀로 하여 5년마다 개편되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 2000년 인구주택총조사를 바탕으로 2002년에 실행한 표본개편에 관한 내용을 수록하였다. 이번 표본개편의 주요 개선사항으로는 연동표본(Rotation Sampling)의 도입, 도시가계조사를 전국가계조사로의 확대, 고용통계의 소지역통계 생산을 위한 기반마련이다. 또한 조사구 내의 표본가구수를 24가구에서 20가구로 축소하고, 표본 조사구수를 증가시킴으로써 정도 높은 자료를 생산할 수 있는 기반을 마련하였다. 대표성 있는 표본조사구 추출을 위한 분류지표 선정 과정에서는 지역별로 대표성이 높은 분류지표를 선정하여 대표성 있는 표본을 추출하는 데 기여하였다.