• 한국어병학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.189-199
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• 2008

This paper aims to compare difference with the in an ability of their resistance and survival against in a non-specific defence mechanism of the olive flounder, between the virulent and the avirulent E. tarda strains. The tested E. tarda strains, we divided into the virulent and the avirulent strain groups on the basis of a value of 50% lethal dose (LD50) for the olive flounder weighed 10.3 g in average. The strains of LD50 101.6~104.2 cfu/fish were grouped as virulent strains, such as KE-1, KE-3, KE-5 and FSW910410. The group of avirulent strains as LD50 exceeded 108.7 cfu/fish were included the strains, SU100 and AL92448. A test was conducted to understand the survival ability of each strain in the mucus of the skin and the intestine of olive flounders. The results showed KE-1, KE-3, KE-5 and FSW910410 were highly to survive between 6 hours and 24 hours in intestine. The survival ability in the bile of olive flounder the number of avirulent strains declined during incubation but the virulent strain showed the number of alive bacteria having sustained or increased. In the test for the survival of bacteria in fresh sera of olive flounder, the virulent strains also had tendency to multiply. Concerning the tested bacteria internalization into the head kidney macrophages and the intracellurar replication in the macrophages of olive flounder. The virulent strains exhibited strong internalization, followed high rate replication. According to the results, virulent strains of E. tarda revealed more ability to resist and survive in the face of humoral and cellular defence factors than avirulent strains.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the cell viability and antimicrobial effects of orthodontic bands coated with silver or zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-Ag and nano-ZnO, respectively). Methods: In this experimental study, 30 orthodontic bands were divided into three groups (n = 10 each): control (uncoated band), Ag (silver-coated band), and ZnO (zinc oxide-coated band). The electrostatic spray-assisted vapor deposition method was used to coat orthodontic bands with nano-Ag or nano-ZnO. The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of nano-Ag and nano-ZnO against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Candida albicans. Biocompatibility tests were conducted using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The groups were compared using oneway analysis of variance with a post-hoc test. Results: The Ag group showed a significantly higher reduction in the number of L. acidophilus, C. albicans, and S. mutans colonies than the ZnO group (p = 0.015, 0.003, and 0.005, respectively). Compared with the control group, the Ag group showed a 2-log₁₀ reduction in all the microorganisms' replication ability, but only S. mutants showed a 2-log₁₀ reduction in replication ability in the ZnO group. The lowest mean cell viability was observed in the Ag group, but the difference between the groups was insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Coating orthodontic bands with nano-ZnO or nano-Ag induced antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens. Among the nanoparticles, nano-Ag showed the best antimicrobial activity and nano-ZnO showed the highest biocompatibility.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2014

전통적으로 단순선형회귀모형에서 설명변수와 반응변수의 선형성 평가는 산점도로 쉽게 파악되었다. 보통 반복수가 존재하는 자료에서 적합결여검정은 선형성을 평가하는데 사용되었다. 하지만 반복수가 오직 하나인 경우에 선형성 검정이 수월하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 반복수가 오직 하나인 단순선형회귀모형의 선형성을 검정하는 통계량을 제안하고 모의실험 및 실증연구를 통하여 신뢰성을 파악한다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is difference in the effects of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea by research design. Methods: Findings from the two different research designs (Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest [NCG] design vs. two-group crossover design) were compared in regard to the effect of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea. The subjects of the NCG design and the crossover design were a total of 58 female nursing students. The treatments (aroma essential oil inhalation and carrier oil inhalation) were given using a necklace. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test, and Shapiro-Wilk test using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. The effect size for the two research designs was calculated. Results: In both research designs, the level of dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain after the aroma treatment were not significantly different from those after the placebo treatment. The effect size of the NCG design was higher than that of the crossover design. Conclusion: Aroma inhalation may not be effective in managing dysmenorrhea and menstrual pain. In order to further clarify the efficiency of research design and the effect of aromatherapy on discomfort during menstruation, replication studies are necessary. Future studies need to examine the effects of different research design on non-interval variables.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 1995

In distributed database systems materialized views are useful to solve many problems caused by data replication. This paper deals with the problem of updating materialized views incluing join operations. We use a differential update which uses logs that record the change of base tables in certain periods. This method avoids locking of the base tables so that it makes the system more efficient. We update materialized views periodically to save the updating cost envolved. A screen test is applied to differential files to eliminate tuples that are irrelevant to any of the views being updated. Using these methods, a detailed procedure is addressed to refresh materialized views. Then we show that our update procedure performs better than a semijoin approach.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.101-104
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• 2003

In this paper, speech quality is improved by removing abrupt noise intervals and then substituting the gaps with estimates of the previous speech waveform. An abrupt noise detection signal has been proposed as a prediction error signal by utilizing LP coefficients of the previous frame. Abrupt noise intervals are estimated by using spectral energy. After removing estimated noise intervals, we applied several waveform substitution techniques such as zero substitution, previous frame repetition, pattern matching, and pitch waveform replication. To prove the validity of our algorithm, the LPC spectral distortion test and the recognition test are executed and, the results show that the speech quality is fairly well improved.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

The road simulators have become common tools within the automotive industry for evaluation of vehicle and vehicle system durability performance. These simulators need appropriate input signal generation algorithms to realize the actual driving conditions due to non-linear vehicle and test rig behaviour. Although somewhat unconventional from a control standpoint, the iteration approach has proven to be a very effective method for control of complex, multiple degree-of-freedom systems where the tracking parameter is known a priori. In this paper, the road profile replication algorithm is verified by applying Belgian road to the developed road simulator. The simulation and experimental results are included to evaluate the performance of this simulator. This road simulator provides considerable savings in cost, development time, and testing risk during developing automotive components.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.756-764
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, anxiety, and depression in female college students. Methods: A two-group cross-over design was used. The sample included a total of 20 female students who were enrolled in a 3 year nursing program. The treatments(aroma essential oil inhalation and the placebo inhalation) were given using a necklace. The data were analyzed by $x^2$-test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The level of dysmenorrhea after the aroma treatment was not significantly different from the dysmenorrhea levels at pre-test and after the post-placebo treatment. The menstrual pain, anxiety and depression significantly improved after the aroma treatment. However, the levels of pain, anxiety, and depression after the aroma treatment were not significantly different from those after the placebo treatment. Conclusion: Aroma inhalation may be a effective in managing menstrual pain, anxiety, and depression. In order to further clarify the effect of aroma treatment on discomfort during menstruation, replication studies are necessary. Future studies need to examine the effects of different types of essential oils, administrating methods, and the lasting time of aroma treatment effect.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2014

회전익 항공기의 기체 공력특성 측정실험에 실험설계 방법론을 적용하여 풍동실험의 정밀도 향상에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 블록화와 블록화 되지 않은 경우들에 대한 분산분석결과의 비교를 통해 블록화의 영향을 평가하였다. 2차 반응표면모델의 경우 블록화가 실험결과의 정밀도 향상에 실질적인 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 랜덤화, 블록화 및 반복화와 같은 실험설계원리와 같은 풍동실험 절차의 재배치를 통해 이러한 정밀도 향상이 가능함을 보였다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

Research classification of software modules was done to validate the approaches proposed for addressing limitations in existing classification approaches. The objective of this study was to replicate the experiments of a recently published research study and re-evaluate its results. The reason to repeat the experiment(s) and re-evaluate the results was to verify the approach to identify the faulty and non-faulty modules applied in the original study for the prioritization of test cases. As a methodology, we conducted this study to re-evaluate the results of the study. The results showed that binary logistic regression analysis remains helpful for researchers for predictions, as it provides an overall prediction of accuracy in percentage. Our study shows a prediction accuracy of 92.9% for the PureMVC Java open source program, while the original study showed an 82% prediction accuracy for the same Java program classes. It is believed by the authors that future research can refine the criteria used to classify classes of web systems written in various programming languages based on the results of this study.