• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the cortical disinhibition in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain and without pain. In addition, we assessed the cortical disinhibition and pain relief after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Method: We recruited diabetic patients with neuropathic pain (n = 15) and without pain (n = 15). We compared the TMS parameters such as motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, cortical silent period (CSP), intracortical inhibition (ICI %) and intracortical facilitation (ICF %) between two groups. Moreover, we evaluated the changes of pain and TMS parameters after five consecutive high frequency (10 Hz) rTMS sessions in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain. The neuropathic pain intensity (visual analog scale) and TMS parameters were assessed on pre-rTMS, post-rTMS 1day, and post-rTMS 5 day. Results: The comparison of the CSP, ICI % revealed significant differences between two groups (p<0.01). After rTMS sessions, the decrease in pain intensity across the three time points revealed a pattern of significant differences (p<0.01). The change of CSP and ICI % across the three test points revealed a pattern of significant differences (p<0.01). The ICI % revealed immediate increase after first rTMS application and significant increase after five rTMS application (p<0.01) in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain. The MEP amplitude and ICF % did not reveal any significant changes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that cortical inhibition was decreased in diabetic patients with neuropathic pain compared with patients without pain. Furthermore, we also identified that five daily rTMS sessions restored the defective intracortical inhibition which related to improvement of neuropathic pain in diabetic patients.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2003

본 연구는 식품을 오염시켜 식중독을 유발하는 주요 식중독 세균인 Escherichi, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Listeria등 5속의 병원성 세균들을 반복성 염기서열을 이용한 ERIC-PCR을 이용하여 동시에 동정할 때 이용되는 주요 PCR 반응성분인 $MgCl_2$, dNTPs, primers, template DNA의 최적 농도를 결정하였다. ,$MgCl_2$ 반응성분은 2 mM을 적용하였을 때부터 일정한 fingerprinting pattern을 얻을 수 있었으므로 2 mM을 $MgCl_2$의 최적농도로 결정하였다. dNTPs의 농도는 250 ${\mu}M$까지 증가함에 따라 6균주 모두 200 ${\mu}M$까지는 농도 증가와 비례하여 단편의 수와 강도가 점증하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 단편의 수와 강도가 일정하였다. 그러므로 일정한 ,fingerprinting pattern 을 얻기 위하여 200 ${\mu}M$의 dNTPs만으로도 충분하였다. ERIC primer들은 2 ${\mu}M$의 농도를 적용했을 때부터 일정한 fingerprinting pattern을 나타낼 수 있었으며, 그 이상의 농도를 적용했을 때 단지 단편들의 강도만이 증가하였다. Template DNA도 다른 PCR 반응성분에 대한 실험과 마찬가지로 적용한 DNA 양의 증가에 따라 단편의 간도가 증가하였다. 그러나 대부분의 적용 균주들에 대하여 DNA의 양이 최고일 때와 최대일 때 각각의 얻어지 fingerprinting pattern들을 비교할 때 단편의 수는 별 차이가 없었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2014

대상을 상징하는 기호로서의 의미를 포함하고 있는 기하학적 패턴은 조형표현에 있어서 20세기 이후 예술가들의 작품을 통해 재구성되어 현대적인 이미지를 나타내는 중요한 모티브가 되고 있으며 패턴의 단순하고 간결한 형태는 외형뿐만 아니라 문양 장식을 통하여 새로운 아름다움을 창출하고 있다. 기하학적 패턴의 문양장식은 단순화되고, 이성적이며 현대적인 세련미와 잘 어울린다. 이렇듯 기하학적 패턴을 활용한 문양은 팔각형, 반원, 삼각형, 사각형 등의 기하학적 도형들을 이용하여 단순한 미로 현대인에게 만족감을 준다. 또한, 기하학적 패턴은 규칙적이고 단순명료하여 시각적으로 강렬한 효과를 유도하며 운동감과 속도감이 주는 역동성으로 3차원적 공간감으로 확장되기도 한다. 이로 인해 주목성이라는 특성이 나타나는데 테이블웨어에서도 이러한 기학학적 패턴을 이용한 디자인은 강한 주목성으로 시각적인 즐거움을 준다. 또한 이는 우연성의 요소에 근거해서 만들어지는 형태가 아니기 때문에 객관화될 수 있으며 반복적인 재현이 가능하다. 이러한 반복구성은 테이블웨어를 만드는 많은 디자이너에게 영향을 줄 수 있으며 테이블웨어 디자인을 더욱 더 고급화하여 도자 산업에 고부가가치를 창출할 수 있는 새로운 가능성을 제시할 것으로 생각된다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2008

The difference of carbon source utilization and fatty acid composition between the pathotypes of Xanthomonas strains, which causing citrus bacterial canker was compared, and the physiochemical characteristics were used to analyze relationship of the strains for the first time. The pattern of several carbon sources utilization and fatty acids composition reliably discriminated the pathotypes of Xanthomonas strains. The dendrogram which was constructed by 95 carbon source utilization profiles differentiated X. axonopodis pv. citri A, $A^*$ and $A^w$ from the other pathotypes. When the dendrogram was drawn by combined analysis of carbon source utilization pattern and fatty acid composition, X. axonopodis pv. aurantifolii B, C and X. axonopodis pv. citrumelo formed a distinct cluster. The difference of carbon source utilization and fatty acid composition could be used effectively for the identification of pathotypes of citrus bacterial canker. The physiochemical characteristics strongly indicated that the strains isolated in Korea belong to X. axonopodis pv. citri A type. The cluster analysis by the band patterns of ERIC-, BOX- and REP-PCR allowed the discrimination of the pathotypes isolated from Korea. However, the rep-PCRs could not differentiate X. axonopodis pv. citri A types from $A^*$ and $A^w$ types. The overall results of metabolic profiles and rep-PCRs strongly indicated that the Korean isolates are X. axonopodis pv. citri A type.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2006

The following research compares two mostly-used apparel systems that are used in colleges of Korea, Gerber and PAD, by analyzing advantages and disadvantages of their Dart, Tuck and Pleats-related functions in pattern construction process. The results are the following: First, regarding transformation methods, Gerber system was able to use pivot method, while PAD system was able to use both pivot and slash method. As for movement, distribution, synthesis, folding, producing additional Dart function, the PAD system was not able to synthesize more than two Darts, and only showed differences for other functions. On the other hand, the diamond-shape Dart and diagonal Dart can be produced only in PAD system, while none of curvy shaped Dart can be produced in both systems. Second, as for pattern outer line connection capability, which is a Dart automatic transformation function, both systems showed unnatural shapes and need for correction. Third, when constructing according to the type of Tuck, we could distribute multiple Darts at a time with PAD system, while with Gerber system, distribution into multiple Darts at a time was impossible at all. Fourth, when constructing according to the contour of Pleats, Gerber system made it possible to make construction of multiple lines and box/inverted Pleats with just one order, but PAD system required repetitive tasks, which remains room for enhancement in regard to such inefficiency.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.46-58
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• 2016

Architecture and Fashion mutually affects the shape and appearance of the other as an art of space according to the hybrid trends. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the correlations between the characteristics of traditional architecture types in Southeast Asia and modern fashion. Firstly, characteristics of the types obtained through the theoretical consideration of Southeast Asian architectural tradition include vertical, symmetrical, geometrical, epeated and continual structure. On the basis of these characteristics analyzed from 2013's S/S to 2015's F/W collection of Alexander McQueen, Gareth Pugh, Victor & Rolf, designers with strong creative and experimental minds who juxtaposed designs of two opposing points as well as hybrids since 2000, the following formativeness exists. First, the vertical structure of high floor is represented as a straight silhouette, a color contrast, vertical cut or wrinkle. Hence, it impresses verticality, rhythm, etc. Second, symmetrical structure of the gable roof is represented as a trapezoidal shape starting from the shoulder line or neck line widened into sleeves, impressing symmetry, dynamism, etc. Third, the geometry of the assembled is represented as vertical and horizontal bands or pattern pieces like puzzle, impressing geometry, three-dimensional, etc. Fourth, repeated structure of the weaving pattern is represented as repetitive patterns of woven fabric or printing techniques. Thus, it impresses repeatability, harmony, etc. And lastly, continuous group structure is represented as a connection of collars or hem-lines, as well as a crossing of fabric that impresses continuity, liquidity, etc.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

최근 케이팝(K-POP)이 전 세계에서 인기를 얻고 있다. 케이팝 음악은 반복되는 가사와 멜로디를 사용하여 만든 후크송(Hook Song)을 기반으로 하고 있다. 음악의 특징은 단순하고 경쾌한 리듬과 비트감, 따라 부르기 쉬운 멜로디, 흥미로운 노랫말 그리고 멋진 댄스 실력으로 선보이는 군무라고 할 수 있다. 케이팝은 유튜브, 페이스북, 트위터와 같은 다양한 소셜 네트워킹 서비스를 통해 다양한 국가에 확산되고 있다. 케이팝은 디지털 음악 시장이 지배하면서 강한 인상을 줄 수 있는 음악을 만들다보니 음악의 길이가 점점 짧아지는 경향을 보였으며, 60초의 미리 듣기 기능으로 인해 후렴구를 앞에서 사용하는 노래들이 증가하였다. 그러나 음악의 구성과 가사의 의미가 모호해지는 경우가 발생하였고 문제가 제기되었다. 본 논문에서는 케이팝 음악의 특징을 살펴보고, 케이팝에서 사용하고 있는 후크송 음악제작의 세 가지 방향을 제시한다. 마지막으로 싸이의 강남스타일 음악을 본 논문에서 제시한 세 가지 기준으로 비교하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2012

The marine medaka Oryzias dancena choriogenin H gene (odChgH) and its mRNA expression during estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) exposure were characterized. At the amino acid level, the choriogenin H protein is predicted to possess the conserved repetitive N-terminal region, as well as zona pellucida (ZP) and Trefoil factor family (TFF) domains. At the genomic level, odChgH has an eight-exon organization with a distribution pattern of transcription factor binding sites in the 5'-upstream region, which is commonly found in other estrogen-responsive genes. The tissue distribution pattern of odChgH mRNA was found to be gender-specific, whereby females showed a higher expression level and wider tissue distribution than did males. During embryonic development, odChgH mRNA was robustly detected from the stage of visceral blood vessel formation. Experimental E2 exposure of males resulted in odChgH mRNA being induced not only in the liver, but also in other several tissues. The E2-mediated induction was fairly dose-dependent. The basal expression levels of hepatic odChgH mRNA were lower in males that were acclimated to 30 ppt salinity than in those acclimated to 0 or 15 ppt salinity. In contrast, the inducibility of odChgH mRNA during E2 exposure was greater in seawater-acclimated fish than in brackish water- or freshwater-acclimated fish.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제12C권3호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2005

본 논문은 이동 IPv6 환경에서 지역성에 기반한 효율적인 멀티캐스트 전송 방식을 제안한다. 본 논문은 멀티캐스트 그룹에 가입하는 전체 횟수를 줄이기 위해 이동 노드의 반복적인 이동 성향을 이용한다. 이동 노드의 이동 성향을 이용하여 지역성 범위를 정의한다. 외부 네트워크는 지역성 범위에 속하는 동안 멀티캐스트 트리를 계속 유지하게 된다. 이동 노드가 일정 시간 후에 지역성 범위에 포함된 외부 네트워크로 돌아왔을 때, 이동 노드는 멀티캐스트 그룹에 가입 절차로 인한 지연 없이 멀티캐스트 서비스를 받을 수 있다. 본 논문은 비용 분석을 위해 이산분석 모델을 이용하여 산출된 전체 처리 시간과 서비스 지연 시간을 기반으로 제안한 방식과 기존의 방식을 비교한다. 분석 결과는 제안한 방식이 전체 처리 시간과 서비스 지연시간을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.351-360
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of observed action gait training on stroke patients. METHODS: 22 subjects were randomized into two groups. The observed action gait training performed that watched a video of normal gait before gait training and the general gait training without watching it. The experimental group(n=11) performed observed action gait training and the control group(n=11) performed general gait training. Both group received gait training for 3 times per week during 8 weeks. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant differences in the cadence, gait velocity, stride, step, single limb support, double limb support, stride length and step length(p<.05). The control group showed significant differences only in the stride(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The observed action gait training affected coordination and weight shift, as well as symmetry of the body. Plasticity of the brain was facilitated by repetitive visual and sensory stimulation. The observed action gait training promoted the normal gait by watching the normal gait pattern. In conclusion, motor learning through the sensory stimulation promotes brain plasticity that could improve motor function, and observed action gait training indirectly identified stimulated brain activities.