• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of psychosocial stress (box color and precision demand) on muscle activity were evaluated in laboratory setting. Eight subjects performed sagittally symmetric lifting tasks. Box color (yellow, black), precision demand (yes, no), and box weight (5%MVC, 10%MVC, 15 %MVC) were varied and surface EMG signals from seven muscles(medial deltoid right, biceps brachii right, lateral triceps right, latissimus dorsi right, erector spinae right, external oblique right, internal oblique right) were recorded. EMG signals were band-pass filtered($10{\sim}400\;Hz$), rectified, RMS smoothed and normalized (NEMG). Analysis of variance tests were conducted on the total NEMG (TNEMG: the sum of the seven muscles' NEMGs) and on the individual muscle's NEMGs. Box color had no effect on the TNEMG and on the seven muscles activities(p>0.05). When precision demand was required at the end point of lifts, the mean NEMG showed higher values than no precision demand conditions: TNEMG (14% increase) and medial deltoid(40% increase), biceps brachii(10% increase), lateral triceps(26% increase), latissimus dorsi(25% increase) muscles. Those increases showed more conspicuous as the box weight increased in the muscles of medial deltoid, lateral triceps, and latissimus dorsi.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

This study is to investigate the meaning and value of Usonian Automatic House System(UAHS) of Frank Lloyd Wright in his later period, focused on materials, methods, and his thoughts. The results of this study are follows. UAHS was the outcome of moderate cost and prefab house which Wright had successively attempted after the early Prairie period. The construction was simple and comparatively cheap, but subsequent automatics were difficult and expensive to build. Nevertheless, it was sufficiently flexible to support a rather wide range of house designs. Concrete was the inert mass and a plastic material. Wright saw a kind of weaving coming out of it. He also saw a kind of concrete masonry, steel for warp and masonry units for woof in the automatic concrete block. The reinforced bars in hollowed joints of concrete block increased the safety factor and affected the expression of the construction through the stabilization they provided. But they did not give concrete block the capability of structural span. Standardization as the soul of the machine might be seen in UAHS. The concrete blocks were more cheap, lighter, and larger hollowed plain than textile blocks in 1920s. But the variety of pattern and different block types in the UAHS were achieved at some sacrifice of standardization. The repetitive nature of production was compromised for artistic goals. The sense of compromise was not maximized, however, because the units as installed looked far more repetitive than they actually were.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2000

Unfortunately, there is no technique which is stable and repetitive to produce transgenic chicken, although various ways of gene transfer including PGC-and embryonic cell-mediated gene transfer, DNA microinjection, virus inoculation and sperm cells have been employed. The aims of this study were 세 develop and establish such a stable, repetitive and efficient way of gene transfer giving a faithful gene expression during development after the reconstruction of embryo in an UV-irradiated egg. A dual reporter plasmid (pJJ9), a fusion gene containing lacZ and GFP driven by a CMV promoter was used to exploit either merits of both reporting markers. lacZ with strong signal or GFP with vital marking. Electroporated embryonic blastodermal cells (EBCs) in the presence of the pJJ9 DNA faithfully showed 377 bp PCR product and lacZ or GFP expressions in the identical cells in vitro of in vivo. Furthermore, analyses of expression pattern of the foreign DNA demonstrated that microinjected EBCs cells into the UV-irradiated recipient egg should participate in normal developmental process, for example, proliferation and differentiation into various tissues. Thirty percentages of the manipulated eggs showed lacZ expression in their tissues. These results together with the specific procedures used in this study should facilitate avian transgenesis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2005

A collection of 12 Erwinia carotovora strains from blackleg diseased potato in Jeju island was characterized genetic diversity by 5. cayotovora subsp. atposeptica (Eca)-specific PCR, PCR-RFLP of the two genes (16S rRNA and pel) and repetitive sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR). The results were compared with those of the other E. carotovora representative strains. None of the blackleg strains produced PCR amplicons with Eca-specific primers in contrast to the single 690 bp amplicon obtained with Eca strains. In addition, on the basis of pel gene RFLP with Sau3AI, the blackleg strains belonged to the pattern 2 whereas Eca strains belonged to the other one (pattern 3). By analysis of 16S rDNA RELP generated with HinfI, the most strains including the E. carotovera subsp. carotovora (Ecc) representative strains used in this study belonged to the pattern 1 whereas the blackleg strains belonged to the pattern 2 except for one strain. Moreover, ERIC-PCR analysis showed that the blackleg strains were closely related to each other and had an unique DNA band. Based on these molecular approaches, we have confirmed that the blackleg disease of potato is caused by a different E. carotovora from Eca and Ecc in Jeju island.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2014

One of the techniques that are most in the spotlight today, it can be said that Big data. With Big Data, technologies already prevalent in our lives is GPS. Based on the GPS data and Big Data, in this paper, we try to analyze the pattern and path of movement of a particular target. Specific target collects the GPS data by classifying weather and grade and sex of college students, and day of the week in college students of one university. The collected data is analyzed such as movement path, movement time, pattern of repetitive behavior. And visualize it. The analysis method will be classified according to the purpose of data. By identifying relationships with other data results obtained. Based on the present study, the future, we will derive the results of the data more reliable. For this purpose, a wide range of information to be collected will additionally. Research will be developed add to such as Season, time, blood type, occupation data.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

Purpose: Human brain was lateralized to dominant or non-dominant hemisphere, and could be reorganized by the processing of the motor learning. We reported four cases which showed the changes of the cortical activation patterns resulting from two weeks of training with the serial reaction time task. Methods: Four right-handed healthy subjects were recruited, who was equally divided to two training conditions (right hand training or left hand training). They were assigned to train the serial reaction time task for two weeks, which should press the corresponding four colored buttons as fast as accurately as possible when visual stimulus was presented. Before and after two weeks of training, reaction time and function magnetic resonance image (fMRI) was acquired during the performance of the same serial reaction time task as the training. Results: The reaction time was significantly decreased in all of subjects after training. Our fMRI result showed that widespread bilateral activation at the pre scanning was shifted toward the focused activation on the contralateral hemisphere with progressive motor learning. However, the bilateral activation was still remained during the performance of the non-dominant hand. Conclusion: These findings showed that the repetitive practice of the serial reaction time task led to increase the movement speed and accuracy, as described by motor learning. Such motor learning induced to change the cortical activation pattern. And, the changed pattern of the cortical activation resulting from motor learning was different each other in accordance with the hand dominance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2014

Ultrasonic imprinting is a novel process for replicating micropatterns on thermoplastic polymer substrates with low energy consumption and short cycle time. The polymer substrate is softened by the frictional heat and repetitive deformation energy under ultrasonic excitation; thus, a number of micropatterns are replicated on the softened polymer substrate. In the present work, the effect of mold temperature on the replication characteristics of ultrasonic imprinting is investigated. The temperature change in the patterned region is measured by varying the mold temperature. Numerical simulation is then performed for investigating pattern replication characteristics under various mold temperatures. In addition, pattern replication ratio and uniformity are compared through various experimental measurements. Through the results of these comparisons, it is found that the mold temperature has a significant positive effect on the replication characteristics of ultrasonic imprinting.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a periodic EEG activity in NREM sleep, characterized by sequences of transient electrocortical events that are distinct from background EEG activities. A CAP cycle consists of two periodic EEG features, phase A and subsequent phase B whose durations are 2-60 s. At least two consecutive CAP cycles are required to define a CAP sequence. The CAP phase A is a phasic EEG event, such as delta bursts, vertex sharp transients, K-complex sequences, polyphasic bursts, K-alpha, intermittent alpha, and arousals. Phase B is repetitive periods of background EEG activity. The absence of CAP more than 60 seconds or an isolated phase A is classified as non-CAP. Phase A activities can be classified into three subtypes (A1, A2, and A3), based on the amounts of high-voltage slow waves (EEG synchrony) and low-amplitude fast rhythms (EEG desynchrony). CAP rate, the percentage of CAP durations in NREM sleep is considered to be a physiologic marker of the NREM sleep instability. In insomnia, the frequent discrepancy between self-reports and polysomnographic findings could be attributed to subtle abnormalities in the sleep tracing, which are overlooked by the conventional scoring methods. The conventional scoring scheme has superiority in analysis of macrostructure of sleep but shows limited power in finding arousals and transient EEG events that are major component of microstructure of sleep. But, it has recently been found that a significant correlation exists between CAP rate and the subjective estimates of the sleep quality in insomniacs and sleep-improving treatments often reduce the amount of CAP. Thus, the extension of conventional sleep measures with the new CAP variables, which appear to be the more sensitive to sleep disturbance, may improve our knowledge on the diagnosis and management of insomnia.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to contribute to the role of lines in creative design development by analyzing the expression types and aesthetic characteristics of modern fashion using geometric formativeness of symmography. A literature study was conducted of works since 2009 to examine the general consideration of lines together with analysis of the concept and characteristics of symmography in the formative arts field, and to analyze the expression types and aesthetic characteristics of modern fashion design using the formativeness of symmography. The infinite sense of formativeness and original expression of symmography are used in formative arts such as space design, installation art, and industrial design. Expression types of modern fashion design using geometric formativeness of symmography can be classified into the following three types: two-dimensional graphic pattern, relief surface, and three-dimensional spatial. First, the two-dimensional graphic pattern type forms an optical pattern, providing individuality and visual interest to the textile design. Second, the relief surface type expresses the plane in various ways, so that the thickness changes according to how lines overlap. Third, the three-dimensional spatial type expands the boundaries of clothing and creates a fantastic spatial beauty. Next, the aesthetic formativeness of fashion design using symmography can be classified into repetitive rhythmicity, geometric self-similarity, and optical spatiality. Symmography enables a myriad of geometric patterns to be developed depending on material, color, and the designer's imagination, and helps inspire a variety of designs in fashion that sculpt a three-dimensional human body.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2014

Looking at the case of countries or companies, the success and failure can be found a certain repetitive 'Pattern'. In this paper, global franchise company factors determine the success or failure of the Burger King on the market dynamism perspective, and looked to discuss its implications. The success or failure of a company in a country like pattern of the growth and erosion and stagnation and decline, and the pursuit of sustainable growth through relentless improvement reactivated. Burger King has more to strengthen brand equity oriented by the world's best restaurant through the development of aggressive marketing activities in the global market to regain its former glory.