• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2003

Testing time and power consumption during the testing of SoCs are becoming increasingly important with an increasing volume of test data in intellectual property cores in SoCs. This paper presents a new algorithm to reduce the scan-in power and test data volume using a modified scan latch reordering algorithm. We apply a scan latch reordering technique to minimize the column hamming distance in scan vectors. During scan latch reordering, the don't-care inputs in the scan vectors are assigned for low power and high compression. Experimental results for ISCAS 89 benchmark circuits show that reduced test data and low power scan testing can be achieved in all cases.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.582-594
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• 2016

Various test data compression techniques have been developed to reduce the test costs of system-on-a-chips. In this paper, a scan chain reordering algorithm for code-based test data compression techniques is proposed. Scan cells within an acceptable relocation distance are ranked to reduce the number of conflicts in all test patterns and rearranged by a positioning algorithm to minimize the routing overhead. The proposed method is demonstrated on ISCAS '89 benchmark circuits with their physical layout by using a 180 nm CMOS process library. Significant improvements are observed in compression ratio and test power consumption with minor routing overhead.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm to adaptively adjust the value of dupthresh, the duplicate acknowledgement threshold that triggers the transmission control protocol (TCP) fast retransmission algorithm, to improve the TCP performance in a network environment with persistent packet reordering. Our algorithm uses an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) and the mean deviation of the lengths of the reordering events reported by a TCP receiver with the duplicate selective acknowledgement (DSACK) extension to estimate the value of dupthresh. We also apply an adaptive upper bound on dupthresh to avoid the retransmission timeout events. In addition, our algorithm includes a mechanism to exponentially reduce dupthresh when the retransmission timer expires. With these mechanisms, our algorithm is capable of converging to and staying at a near-optimal interval of dupthresh. The simulation results show that our algorithm improves the protocol performance significantly with minimal overheads, achieving a greater throughput and fewer false fast retransmissions.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2006

Incomplete LU factorization preconditioning techniques often have difficulty on indefinite sparse matrices. We present hybrid reordering strategies to deal with such matrices, which include new diagonal reorderings that are in conjunction with a symmetric nondecreasing degree algorithm. We first use the diagonal reorderings to efficiently search for entries of single element rows and columns and/or the maximum absolute value to be placed on the diagonal for computing a nonsymmetric permutation. To augment the effectiveness of the diagonal reorderings, a nondecreasing degree algorithm is applied to reduce the amount of fill-in during the ILU factorization. With the reordered matrices, we achieve a noticeable improvement in enhancing the stability of incomplete LU factorizations. Consequently, we reduce the convergence cost of the preconditioned Krylov subspace methods on solving the reordered indefinite matrices.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2002

Transesterification between poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) and bisphenol-A-polycarbonate (PC) is studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. When the blend of PTT/PC is annealed at higher temperatures, the samples do not show any melting peak at an initial stage, indicating the samples completely lose their crystallinity due to the formation of random copolymers. However, when the random copolymer is annealed at temperatures lower than the melting temperature of PTT, a melting peak is observed, indicating that the random copolymers are sequentially reordered. The melting point and the heat of fusion of crystals formed from the crystallization-induced sequential reordering depend upon the annealing temperature and time. The average sequence length determined from NMR is increased as the blocks are regenerated.

• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2014

Group communication is becoming increasingly popular in Internet applications such as videoconferences, online chatting programs, games, and gambling. For secure communications, the integrity of messages, member authentication, and confidentiality must be provided among group members. To maintain message integrity, all group members use the Group Key (GK) for encrypting and decrypting messages while providing enough security to protect against passive attacks. Tree-based Group Diffie-Hellman (TGDH) is an efficient group key agreement protocol to generate the GK. TGDH assumes all members have an equal computing power. One of the characteristics of distributed computing and grid environments is heterogeneity; the member can be at a workstation, a laptop or even a mobile computer. Member reordering in the TDGH protocol could potentially lead to an improved protocol; such reordering should capture the heterogeneity of the network as well as latency. This research investigates dynamic reordering mechanisms to consider not only the overhead involved but also the scalability of the proposed protocol.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제24_2집
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• pp.85-115
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• 2015

The Reordering of the Universe(天地公事) pursuing the Latter world(後天)'s ideal world while denying the Former world(先天) is composed of enormous rituals. The Dosu(度數) is formed through these rituals and the world is transformed according to the Dosu. The people who follow the Sangje(上帝), the subject of this universe reordering and also participate in the Reordering of the Universe are called as the followers. The follower group can be said as a ritual group in the aspect that they participate in the ritual for the Reordering of the Universe. They not only observed the rituals but also actively participated in them, so took certain roles in forming the Dosu. That is, they performed certain, given roles in developing the rituals, or actively proposed their ideas under the Sangje's leadership, and participated in the process realizing the Dosu. Therefore it can be said that they were a group initiatively participating in the process overcoming the Former world's Sangguk(相克) world, and making the latter world's ideal world. It seemed that the followers at that time might have gone through a certain entrance ritual process in order to join in such a follower group. The 『Jeon-Gyeong』 recorded the entrance rituals of a man called as Cha Gyeong Seok among tremendous followers relatively in detail. According to the 『Jeon-Gyeong』, he first had to get a unique test in the entrance process, and the test was proceeded in several stages: the wisdom test reflecting the Sangje's unusual intelligence, the patience test to endure physical, psychological pains for the great ethic, and the test to evaluate the testee's ability to give up past oneself and to follow the Sangje with a new body & mind. In the process separating himself from the past his appearance, Gyeong-Seok, the candidate to enter, faced a liminal situation, and then performed the incorporation rite. In this process, the purification rite going him out of the past relationship of benefits & grudges was performed, and he was given the regulations to comply as a member of the follower group. Through such serial processes, his entrance in the follower group was allowed. What requested to the candidate in this entrance process was the severance from one's past. For that, the candidate was needed to go out of his past life habits, to free from the relationship of benefits and grudges, and to sever him from his past faults. Such severance was the precondition for him to go out of the Former world's negative reality and to break from the Sanggeuk habits. Another thing requesting to the candidate as well as the severance from his past was to establish a new ideal. The new ideal should be matched with the ideal of the Reordering of the Universe whose main ideology was the Haewon-Sangsaeng(解冤相生). Such ideal can be said as the driving force to proceed toward the new ideal world of Latter World. And the candidate was requested to purify his mind and to participate in the Universe Fair Judgement (天地公庭). That can be said as an important condition for the new member directly to participate in the ritual of the Reordering of the Universe dramatically transforming the world. Finally, the candidate was given the regulations for his ascetic practice(修道) as well as his participation in the Reordering, and was requested to comply them. After becoming a member of this follower group, one had to practice his asceticism through the compliance with such regulations and the training of mantras(呪文) in order to accomplish the goal called as Dotong(道通). By fulfilling these requirements, the newly entered member could have the qualification to perform a certain role in the ritual of the Reordering of the Universe, and could accomplish his religious ideal.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제28집
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• pp.37-72
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• 2017

본 연구는 '천지공사(天地公事)'의 공공윤리 실천전망에 관한 연구를 목적으로 한다. 천지공사는 공적 영역과 사적 영역이 서로 이어지고 매개하는 공공작용을 통해 공공윤리 실천전망을 보여준다. 천지공사는 삼계 통래(通來)로 대순진리를 관철시키는 공사이다. 본 연구방법으로 천지공사가 소개된 문헌을 면밀히 분석하는 문헌연구와 공공윤리 전망을 모색하는 해석학적 기제를 함께 사용한다. 이는 공과 사를 이어주고 매개하는 '공사공매' 지표, 공공행복 추구의 '행복공창' 지표, 개체를 살려 공적 가치를 드러내는 '활사개공' 지표의 기제이다. 공공윤리 지표는 물질과 영혼, 초월과 내재, 성과 속 사이의 간극을 해소하는 능동성으로 말미암아 공공책임을 수반한다. 천지공사는 '음양합덕' 담론에서 시작하여 '신인조화(調化)'의 공공소통을 이루고 '해원상생'의 존재론적 축복으로 연결된다. 도통선경으로 상호호혜의 결실을 맺기에, 천지공사와 인존사사(人尊私事)는 공공의 성상원융(性相圓融)을 이루어 천지인삼재 일원상(一圓相)을 이룬다. 이러한 공공실천 전망은 감성·이성 상관연동의 소통의 공사공매, 해원·보은 상관연동의 상생의 행복공창, 그리고 도통·선경 상관연동의 인존의 활사개공으로 연결되기에 이를 상관연동으로 고찰한다. 천지공사를 주재하는 '인신현현(人神顯現)'의 구천상제는 공공동량 구제 사업에 임하였다. '활사개공'의 공공윤리 지표는 도통군자에 나타나 있다. 천지공사로서 선천세계가 개벽되고 지상천국이 건설된다. 천지공사 공공윤리 전망으로 온 누리에 선경의 화평세상을 이룩하기에, 세계시민성·우주시민성 시대도래를 예견할 수 있다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제26집
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• pp.45-75
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to explain characteristics of Maitreya and Maitreya belief from a point of view that 'Jeungsan is the very Maitreya(甑山卽彌勒)'. In 『Jeon-gyeong』, Maitreya is mentioned several times. Thus, new religions of Jeungsan of Daesoonjinrihoe take 'Jeungsan is the very Maitreya' belief for truth. Due to the fact that characteristics of Maitreya are so multi-layered and complicated, it is necessary to explain clearly what kind of feature Maitreya has in 『Jeon-gyeong』. If believing and following 'Jeungsan is the very Maitreya' without clarifying it, they will be faced with a problem that they regard Jeungsan of Supreme being of the Ninth Heaven as one of Maitreya and take its belief for truth. Furthermore, with respect to the characteristics of 'Jeungsan is the very Maitreya' belief, while believing in Mireukasaeng, longed-for Millenarian movement by people through Messianism and Mireukasaeng belief is found in Daesoon Thought, whereas there is a need how to understand the point that we cannot finped Messianism and Millenarian movement in Daesoon Thought. To solve this problem, I draw a conclusion that 'Jeungsan is the very Maitreya' in 『Jeon-gyeong』 has to be understood with two meanings by four demonstrations. First of all, the people perceived late Joseon dynasty as the age of decadence but Maitreya's divinity which is desired by the people is not divinity of Maitreya Sutra(Mileuggyeong). Maitreya's divinity is reflected in the people's cherished desire and it is newly created as the Messiah. Thus, the idea of Jeungsan being the very Maitreya was developed in a way that the people desired the Messiah, encompassing this inclination. That is the Messiah of the people and the divinity of Jeungsan. Although Jeungsan as Supreme being of the Ninth Heaven satisfied the people's desire, it shows a different way to salvation from the way in Maitreya Sutra(Mileuggyeong). It is 'the Great Reordering of the Universe' and 'the Great Reordering of the Three Realms'. Reordering in Jeungsan shows that divinity of Jeungsan is not limited to the people's Messiah. In other words, divinity of Jeungsan is established as The Messiah, surpassing divinity of Maitreya Sutra(Mileuggyeong). And following statements prove this divinity of Jeungsan. Jeungsan's emphasis is not only the people's desire and the Gods' appeal. Jeungsan's emphasis is that only does Supreme being of the Ninth Heaven correct heaven and earth, which is the Gods' appeal. Therefore, 'Jeungsan is the very Maitreya' belief embraces the people's Messianism and at the same time it runs with he Gods' appeal. Thus, Reordering through the Great Reordering of the Universe and the Great Reordering of the Three Realms builds up a new ideal world.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제17권 제1호
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• pp.91-94
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• 2007

구글이나 야후와 같은 정보검색엔진은 사용자에게 편리성을 제공하나 사용자로 하여금 만족감을 제공하지는 못하고 있다. 이것은 사용자에 대한 검색목표가 사용자 프로파일마다 서로 다르기 때문이다. 따라서 검색엔진으로 검색된 결과를 사용자 프로파일에 따라서 재배치하는 것은 매우 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 키워드기반 검색엔진으로 검색된 결과를 사용자 프로파일에 따라 웹문서를 재배치하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 각 키워드에 대한 가중치는 사용자가 웹문서에 대해서 수행한 행동 즉, 다운로드, 클릭, 아무행동 안함에 따라 차등 적용하여 업데이트하여 웹문서를 리스트하여 사용자에게 제공한다.