• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2015

Purpose - This study plans to adopt a more sophisticated approach toward service recognition by customers in general supermarkets in order to revise the service quality measurement methods that suit the context of Korean distribution channels. In particular, in general supermarkets, where much of the shopping process is in the form of self-service, there is high reliance on the service recognized by the consumers; therefore, it is highly likely that consumers would make their purchasing decisions based on their recognition of service quality or guarantees. It also utilized service quality elements of a basic level in the KD-SQS development model in order to indicate that the quality recognized by consumers impacts their loyalty to the stores with financial value and abstract value. Research design, data, and methodology - The study suggested a theoretical model comprising 13 hypotheses on relations between theoretic variables, and conducted surveys with consumers using discount stores in Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses, while using SPSS 20.0, AMOS 21.0 as the verification program. The survey sheets used amounted to 332, and a structural equation model was used to analyze the reliability and validity of constituent elements and to verify the suggested hypothesis. Therefore, this study analyzes the interrelations between service quality and guarantee factors in the distribution channel and their relations with the loyalty to stores as a dependent variable. Results - First, the results of the hypotheses tests helped identify the relations between service quality, service guarantees, service value, and customer loyalty, providing an opportunity to define the relations between constituent elements. In particular, service convenience in service quality has no impact on financial values. Further, stores' service policy had no impact on abstract values. Service recognition by service convenience has an impact on abstract values such as good image, comfort, and usability, while mileage systems promote financial values for consumers. In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Conclusion - In order to improve consumer values in service quality and values, general supermarkets should improve their service convenience, membership, and mileage programs using various strategies. Further, as service guarantee systems have a significant and direct impact on customer loyalty, rather than customer value recognition, service guarantees should be used to encourage customers to re-visit the stores. Finally, this study applied the findings of preceding studies in terms of service quality measurement; it had limitations in referencing preceding studies in a comprehensive manner. It also had limits in expanding upon various preceding studies because it was difficult to apply new measurement tools due to the lack of service quality measurement tools for general supermarkets. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more studies on service quality to measure service quality and develop measurement tools by incorporating various industry characteristics.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate customer taste related to satisfaction of a baby's first birthday party and re-visit of venues. General characteristics of customers were similar in male and female or the married and the unmarried. Mainstream age of respondents was from in their 20's to 30's. Among them, the number of university graduates were the largest in education level. Theoretical model was composed with seven significant variables of design style and composition and design harmony and color sense for flower decoration, accessibility, facility, service and price, satisfaction, and intention of re-visit based on the result of analysis on these factors. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using SPSS 14.0K. Structural equation modeling(SEM) for simultaneous measure of path coefficient in all casualty of study model, measurement model of AMOS 7.0 for evaluation of validity, and reliability and factor analysis method using technical statistics, frequency analysis, and Cronbach's Alpha for data analysis were used. The result of hypothesis verification showed that design style and composition was the most significant item in satisfaction of parameter and it was followed by design harmony and color sense. While service and price had positive effect on satisfaction, accessibility and facility had no relation to it. It means that the most crucial variable was a flower decoration in planning and representation of the celebration of baby's first birthday. In conclusion, the finding of this study suggests that the effective utilization of these variables will contribute to the enhancement of satisfaction affecting improvement service and price or intention of re-visit.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.489-498
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• 2019

This study aims to develop and apply questionnaire to identify pre-service science teachers' level of norms of science based on CUDOs, a scientific norm presented by R. Merton. In addition, we compared the pre-service science teachers' perception of scientific norm by major, grade, and gender, and analyzed the types of scientific norms through cluster analysis. For the study, 260 pre-service science teachers from two universities were involved. First, based on the CUDOs of R. Merton, 32 questionnaire items from six domains (pursuit of personal interests through scientific research, the pursuit of national interests through scientific research, pursuit of universal welfare through scientific research, non-communalism, non-universalism, and anti-organized skepticism) were developed. The study found that the statistical validity and reliability of the questionnaire items were acceptable. There were no significant differences in the scores of pre-service science teachers' anti-scientific norm by gender, major, and academic year. We conducted a cluster analysis and identified three types of scientific norms (traditional scientific norm, modern pragmatism, and utilitarian views).

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2018

A residual stress generated in the steel structure is broadly categorized into initial residual stress during manufacturing steel material, welding residual stress caused by welding, and heat treatment residual stress by heat treatment. Initial residual stresses induced during the manufacturing process is combined with welding residual stress or heat treatment residual stress, and remained as a final residual stress. Because such final residual stress affects the safety and strength of the structure, it is of utmost importance to measure or predict the magnitude of residual stress, and to apply this point on the design of the structure. In this study, the initial residual stress of steel structures having thicknesses of 25 mm and 70 mm during manufacturing was measured in order to investigate initial residual stress (hereinafter, referred to as initial stress). In addition, thermal elastic plastic FEM analysis was performed with this initial condition, and the effect of initial stress on the welding residual stress was investigated. Further, the reliability of the FE analysis result, considering the initial stress and welding residual stress for the steel structures having two thicknesses, was validated by comparing it with the measured results. In the vicinity of the weld joint, the initial stress is released and finally controlled by the weld residual stress. On the other hand, the farther away from the weld joint, the greater the influence of the initial stress. The range in which the initial stress affects the weld residual stress was not changed by the initial stress. However, in the region where the initial stress occurs in the compressive stress, the magnitude of the weld residual compressive stress varies with the compression or tension of the initial stress. The effect of initial stress on the maximum compression residual stress was far larger when initial stress was considered in case of a thickness of 25 mm with a value of 180 MPa, while in case of thickness at 70 mm, it was 200 MPa. The increase in compressive residual stress is almost the same as the initial stress. However, if initial stress was tensile, there was no significant change in the maximum compression residual stress.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.113-120
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• 2021

As a result, the interaction between personal motivation and class type is not significant. On the other hand, the interaction between social motivation and class type is significant and overall online class increases engagement with educational issues. In particular, the group with low social motivation showed greater change than the group with high social motivation, so online education seems to be more effective in the group with low social motivation. It means that by stimulating students' social motivation rather than personal motivation, the effectiveness of online education can be enhanced, and it can lead to education outcomes - behavioral changes and attitudes of learners. In order to revitalize social motivation in the intensely personal space of online, it is necessary to activate social communication methods such as SNS, and development of interpersonal issues and learning materials would be more efficient. In order to derive more specific results, it is necessary to measure the level of prior knowledge and involvement of the participants in class, and to comprehensively investigate and analyze the state of learners before and after class through more variables. Finally, in order to increase the reliability of the research results, it is necessary to clearly prove it through the establishment of a structural model.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.395-432
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• 2021

Groundwater recharge rates vary widely by location and with time. They are difficult to measure directly and are thus often estimated using simulations. This study employed frequency and regression analysis and a classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm in a machine learning method to estimate groundwater recharge. CART algorithms are considered for the distribution of precipitation by subbasin (PCP), geomorphological data, indices of the relationship between vegetation and landuse, and soil type. The considered geomorphological data were digital elevaion model (DEM), surface slope (SLOP), surface aspect (ASPT), and indices were the perpendicular vegetation index (PVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference tillage index (NDTI), normalized difference residue index (NDRI). The spatio-temperal distribution of groundwater recharge in the SWAT-MOD-FLOW program, was classified as group 4, run in R, sampled for random and a model trained its groundwater recharge was predicted by CART condidering modified PVI, NDVI, NDTI, NDRI, PCP, and geomorphological data. To assess inter-rater reliability for group 4 groundwater recharge, the Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy and confusion matrix using K-fold cross-validation were calculated. The model obtained a Kappa coefficient of 0.3-0.6 and an overall accuracy of 0.5-0.7, indicating that the proposed model for estimating groundwater recharge with respect to soil type and vegetation cover is quite reliable.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2021

Fold axis of fold, a representative ductile deformation structure, is important for collecting information on the 3D fold structure and the orientation of maximum horizontal principal stress at the time of deformation. For this reason, several fold axis measurement methods based on the fold-related structural elements have been suggested and used even in areas where it is impossible to measure it directly. Thus, these various measurement methods are briefly introduced here, and the measured data with different methods are compared to estimate these methods' reliability. For this purpose, we acquired fold axes at six sites across the Manhang formation of the Pyeongan supergroup and limestones of the Joseon supergroup in Danyang, Chungcheongbuk-do, where fold structures are well developed. The data from the different methods are generally consistent, indicating practical applicability. Most of the fold axes from the measured sites show NNNE or NE trends indicating WNW-ESE or NW-SE trending maximum horizontal principal stress, except for the one site with a WNW trend. The WNW-ESE trending fold axis might be related to a different orogeny or secondary folding. The minor difference in the trends between N-NNE and NE was interpreted as being due to different scale; however, further research is needed to confirm this.

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.999-1013
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• 2018

This study examined the effect of the perception of age-friendly environment on perceived social bonding. In particular, this study focused on the mediating effects of perception of age-integration between perception of age-friendly environment and perceived social bonding. The data were analyzed using the '2017 Ages Integration Survey' conducted by the Korea Research Foundation(SSK). A total of 997 adults from 20 to 86 ears of age were participated in this study. The perception of age-friendly environment was measured using the age-friendly city guidelines set out by WHO and perception of age-integration was measured using questions that asked about age flexibility and age diversity. Also, the social capital scale was used to measure perception of social bonding. In order to increase the reliability of the analysis results, age, gender, educational achievement and residential area were controlled. Structural Equation Modeling approach was employed to answer the research questions. The results are following. First, perception of age-friendly environment was significantly associated with perceived social bonding in a positive direction, controlling for age, gender, educational achievement and residential area. Second, perception of age-integration partially mediated the relationship between perception age-friendly environment and perceived social bonding controlling for covariates. Based on these findings, this study proposes political and practical intervention strategies to promote age-friendly environment and age-integration.

• Korean Journal of Play Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.491-507
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to validate the Play Participation Attitude Scale for parents of preschoolers, which was developed by the Delphi survey. 447 parents of 9 daycare centers in Seoul and Incheon were recruited for this study and, finally, data from 339 parents were used to perform exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and reliability analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, factor analyses revealed that the global fit of the sensitively play (7 items), responsively play (6 items), and delightfully play(7 items) three-factor model was good. Second, the internal consistency of the Play Participation Attitude Scale was good. Third, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the current scale and the parents' playfulness scale, indicating concurrent validity. Finally, higher scores of the Play Participation Attitude Scale and its three factors significantly predicted lower scores of parenting stress and higher scores of the preschoolers' self-control ability. These findings revealed that this new measure to be both valid and reliable and specifically suggests what kind of attitude is appropriate for parents to adopt when participating in preschoolers' play.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.401-410
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• 2021

Since the outbreak of Corona 19, Universities and Lifelong Education Center's arts and sports classes are mainly conducted online. Unfortunately, even in dance where practical practice through face-to-face classes is important, the satisfaction of students is falling because of the limitations of online education. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the quality of education service they feel. In addition, since their academic departure is increasing, we intend to comprehensively study user satisfaction, continuous use intention, and academic continuity intention related to online education. This study confirmed the causal relationship between these 4 variables through exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, model fit and validity verification, and path analysis. As a result of the study, 3 out of 6 hypotheses were adopted, and the of education service quality had a positive effect on satisfaction and use in online dance education. But there was also a limit that did not affect the intention to continue the study. In order to solve fundamental problems such as academic departure, follow-up studies taking into account more diverse social variables are needed.