• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2012

The relative composition of $Cu(InGa)Se_2$ solar cells is one of the most important measurement issues. However, quantitative analysis of multi-component alloy films is difficult by surface analysis methods due to severe matrix effect. In this study, quantitative depth profiling analysis of CIGS films was investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The compositions were measured by SIMS using the alloy reference relative sensitivity factors derived from the certified compositions and the total counting numbers of each element. The compositions measured by SIMS were linearly proportional to those by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using isotope dilution method. In this study, the quantification measured by ICP-MS method is compared with the composition calculated by SIMS depth profiles with AR-RSFs obtained from the reference. The SIMS depth profile of CIGS thin films according to the manufacturing condition was converted into compositional depth profile.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.205-210
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• 2012

For quality control of components in Korean red ginseng powder and extract, a new method for simultaneous quantification of 12 ginsenosides ($Rg_1$, Re, Rf, $Rh_1$, $Rg_2$[S], $Rg_2$[R], $Rb_1$, Rc, $Rb_2$, Rd, $Rg_3$[S], and $Rg_3$[R]) was studied. Compared to the official method for quantification of marker substances (ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$), the proposed methods were guaranteed by in-house method validation. Several criteria such as linearity, specificity, precision and accuracy were evaluated. For red ginseng powder, recovery (averaging 95% to 105%) was calculated, and analysis of variance was carried out to estimate the relative standard deviation (0.20% to 2.12%). For red ginseng extract, the average recovery rate was 90% to 99% and the relative standard deviation was 0.39% to 2.40%. These results indicate that the proposed method could be used in the laboratory for determination of 12 ginsenosides in red ginseng powder and extract. In addition, this method was found to be suitable for quality control of ginseng products and potentially offer time and cost benefits.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.343-347
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• 2014

Background: Maspin expression is a potential prognostic factor for various malignancies but its relation with gallbladder cancer is unknown and needs to be investigated needs to be investigated. We therefore here focused on maspin mRNA expression in normal, gall stone disease and gallbladder cancer subjects, with particular attention to prognostic importance in individuals with malignancies. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. Gallbladder samples from normal (n=25), gall stone disease (n=25) and cancer patients (n=38) were analysed for maspin mRNA expression by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and quantitative real time PCR. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Students t test or ANOVA. Survival analysis was conducted according to the Kaplan-Meier method and correlations were assessed using the Pearson correlation method. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Significant increase (p=0.028) in expression of maspin mRNA was observed in gallbladder cancer as compared to gall stone disease, whereas no expression was found in normal tissues. Significant correlation (Pearson's coefficient(r)=-0.798, p<0.0001) was observed between relative quantification of maspin mRNA and survival of cancer patients after surgery, with significantly shorter (p=0.002) survival in patients having relative quantification >1.5 as compared to those having relative quantification <1.5. Similarly, significant differences in patient survival for maspin mRNA expression was observed for stage II (p=0.025) and III (p=0.011) cancer. Conclusions: Higher expression of maspin mRNA in gallbladder cancer has prognostic significance for stage II and III cancer, which needs to be investigated further.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.52-56
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• 2014

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used as an index of mean glycemia over prolonged periods. This study describes an optimization of enzyme digestion conditions for quantification of non-glycated hemoglobin (HbA0) and HbA1c as diagnostic markers of diabetes mellitus. Both HbA0 and HbA1c were quantitatively determined followed by enzyme digestion using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) with synthesized N-terminal hexapeptides as standards and synthesized isotope labeled hexapeptides as internal standards. Prior to quantification, each peptide was additionally quantified by amino acid composition analysis using ID-LC-MS/MS via acid hydrolysis. Each parameter was considered strictly as a means to improve digestion efficiency and repeatability. Digestion of hemoglobin was optimized when using 100 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.2) and a Glu-C-to-HbA1c ratio of 1:50 at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 h. Quantification was satisfactorily reproducible with a 2.6% relative standard deviation. These conditions were recommended for a primary reference method of HbA1c quantification and for the certification of HbA1c reference material.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.181-201
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• 1999

This study presents an information security level index and a quantification scheme. A comprehensive survey on previous researches in information security checklists has been performed. A candidate indicator list for information security level has been developed, Desirability of each indicator has been tested by 4 criteria, They are general validity, relative importance, probability of accident and impact of accident. 67 experts' opinion has been collected and analysed. The result shows that selected indicators are a very good candidate set for the determination of information security level. A factor analysis shows indicators are well structured. There exists strong correlation between validity and probability, validity and impact, and importance and probability. A quantification scheme of information security index has been developed by experts' judgement and statistical tests.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2048-2054
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• 2022

The coolant temperature feedback coefficient is an important parameter of reactor core power control system. To study the coolant temperature feedback coefficient influence on the core power control system of small PWR, the core power control system is built with the nonlinear model and fuzzy control theory. Then, the uncertainty quantification method of reactor core parameters is established based on the Latin hypercube sampling method and the Bootstrap method. Finally, under the conditions of reactivity step perturbation and coolant inlet temperature step perturbation, uncertainty analysis for two cases is carried out. The result shows that with fuzzy controller and fuzzy PID controller, the uncertainty of the coolant temperature feedback coefficient affects the core power control system, and the maximum uncertainties of core relative power, coolant temperature deviation, fuel temperature deviation and total reactivity are acceptable.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.543-551
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• 2022

There has been increased interest in lignans due to their potential effect in reducing the risk of developing several diseases. To evaluate lignan contents, sensitive and accurate methods should be developed for their quantification in food. The present study aimed to validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of 5 lignans: lariciresinol (Lar), matairesinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), secoisolariciresinol (Seco), and syringaresinol (Syr). The validation included selectivity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, and precision. The method was proved to be specific, with a linear response (R²≥0.99). The limits of detection were 0.040~0.765 ㎍/100 g and the limits of quantification were 0.114~1.532 ㎍/100 g. Recoveries were 90.588~109.053% for black sesame powder. Relative standard deviations of repeatability and reproducibility were below 5%. Total lignan contents of roasted coffee bean, oat, and blacksoy bean were 105.702 ㎍/100 g, 78.965 ㎍/100 g, and 165.521 ㎍/100 g, respectively. These results showed that LC-MS/MS analysis would be effective in producing acceptable sensitivity, accuracy, and precision in five lignan analyses.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 1993

Evaluation methods are employed in environmental impact assessment to choose between different project site, to determine the required measures to compensate impact and to decide whether the environmental impacts are more important than the social or economic effects of a project. The main obstacles that restrict use of quantitative evaluation method are a Lack of knowledge about the environmental effects (e.g. if impacts on wildlife or landscape amenities are predicted) and the relative importance of economic and social issues compared with nature conservation stability of ecosystem or landscape beauty. In Germany, the most common method for site planning is the "ecological risk analysis". It is a kind of multi-criteria-decision-method based on quantitative and qualitative description and ordinal ranking. The various kinds of "ecological balancing methods" that are more recently developed (within the last decade) to quantify the required amount for compensatory measures instead often use cardinal figures to express the value of ecosystems, the intensity of impacts, the need for additional measures to compensate for long recuperative periods when restoring ecosystems and so on. There are still only a view attempts to quantify decisions between environmental and socio-economic issues. Multicriteria-analysis as well as cost-benifit-analysis was used. Some new approaches which are still in a preliminary status are based on contingent valuation and on calculations for compensatory payments (instead of compensatory measures).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.252-255
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• 2016

The objective of this paper is to find an easier and non-invasive a way of diagnosing heart diseases based on the heart sound, rigidly heart murmurs, recordings from subjects. Although most of the heart sounds can be easily heard, analysis of the findings by auscultation strongly depends on skills and experience of the physician. Therefore, the heart murmur is require quantitative analysis for automatic diagnosis equipment. For a good sound analysis, the noisy component ware filtered. This can be done using Wiener filter. Once the signal is filtered, it can be segmented into its basic components by signal energy using FFT. After segment the heart sound signal, the relative positions of the different heart sound components will be identified and will be used for quantification purposes. We are using murmur energy ratio. The experimental results are fairly good in relation to automatic diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2022

The HPLC conditions for analysis of ivermectin in solutions dosage forms of commercial anthelmintics are different for each product. The purpose of this study was to establish a standardized chromatographic method for the quantification of ivermectin in solution. The separation was achieved on Waters Xbridge C18 column (4.6×150 nm, 5 ㎛) using different kinds of mobile phase composed of water/methanol/acetonitrile (15/34/51, v/v and 19.5/27.5/53, v/v), with UV detection at wavelengths 245 nm and 254 nm. A total of five commercial ivermectin in solution samples were analyzed. In this study, the optimal chromatographic conditions for analysis of ivermectin in solution were mobile phase of water/methanol/acetonitrile (15/34/51, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 245 nm using a Waters Xbridge C18 column (4.6×250 nm, 5 ㎛) at a column temperature of 25℃. The linearity was observed in the concentration range of 50~150 ㎍/mL, with a correlation coefficient, r²= 0.99999. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification were 0.88 and 2.68 ㎍/mL, respectively. The accuracy (% recovery) was found to be 98.9 to 100.3%. Intra-day and Intermediate precisions with relative standard deviations were less than 1.0%. The content of ivermectin for five market samples ranged 91.2~102.7%. The proposed method was also found to be robust, therefore, the method can be used for the routine analysis of ivermectin in solutions dosage forms.