• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.161-178
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• 1998

In spite of the great progress of the theory and skill of the Nursing Care & Medical area in relation to pregnancy, nurses in clinics face up to many challenges in maternity nursing care areas. The reason is that the mobility and mortality of mothers was sharply decreased and the unknown high-risk diseases of pregnancy woman in the past is made public. That's why it is difficult to meet the pregnancy woman in natural process from pregnancy to delivery in recently. Admission rooms are filled with high-risk pregnancy women. As a matter of fact, we have done nursing care into the surface symptoms and diseases of high-risk pregnancy women so far. We have been indifferent to a long period hospitalization, separation from family, and conflict of repeated examination. Therefore, it is widely spread to understand the emotional conflict experienced by high-risk pregnancy women and to need for nursing intervention to bring up about emotional support and the ability of perception in psychological crisis. Although the pregnancy woman judged in high-risk should carry out normal task of pregnancy, she have to be confronted with secondary risk situation. The health of self & fetus threatened by the risk situation could be decreased through care plan, but psychological stress increases. Therefore, the pregnancy brings into non-control state. It is important to ask that what the hospitalized pregnancy women in high-risk think of themselves status. Because misunderstanding or serious anxiety of themselves status put into mother and fetus in danger. And adaptation mode makes all the difference. I would like to consider how nurses could deal with this high-risk circumstances in the position of pregnancy woman on the basis of the above fact. This study uses phenomenological method to suggest the basis material for nurses to do nursing intervention in view of pregnancy woman. Because this method understands the nature of true life of pregnancy woman throughly. The phenomenological method is the sources to describe or explain affluently the process generated in confirmation areas and environment and is the application for readers to understand and recognize clinic reality and then apply this method to reasoning study place or other places. Specifically, the phenomenon study method, one of the phenomenological method, is applied. The use of that method is to describe and generalize the experience in environment exactly. The study of this study is as follows : Among 187 descriptive stamens from 8 study participants are classified into 42 theme cluster at the stage of the first analysis. Those theme is categorized into 8 sub-subjects such as anxiety of uncertainty, foreknowledge about risk circumstance, will power about overcome, unsettled feeling about hospital, relief, optimistic thought, family support, and indifferences. At the last stage of analysis, those things are categorized into 3 subjects. When high-risk pregnancy woman foretell the situation, they feel unsettlement about uncertainty and untrust feeling about hospital. But they are ease with family support and hospital support. On the other hand, they express indifferent 3-way structure response to the situation having will of overcome and exceeding optimistic thought. In those statements, the experience by pregnancy woman shows 3 respect subjects. 1. They are anxious of this situation and are in desperation and don't recognize their role to be carried out 2. They think of this situation as normal process of pregnancy and are not concerned that this can give themselves and fetus fatal damage. 3. The pregnancy women will never confront this situation. This study shows the pregnancy woman has anxiety and optimistic relief about the situation, and ignores and optimistic relief about the situation, and ignores many things. Therefore, nurses in clinic should give pregnancy woman knowledge and information about the high-risk and help them to deal with the situation spontaneously. High-risk pregnancy woman should have the care plan in respect of the right perception. And the nurse know that their support help out pregnancy woman overcome the crisis in this respect of the special nursing intervention.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2013

프레임에 나타난 사물들이 하나의 쇼트 안에서 어떻게 보이는 가에 따라 그 의미가 달라진다. 특히 프레임의 위치는 형식이 어떻게 실질적으로 내용이 되는가를 보여주고 있다. 이는 관객과의 커뮤니케이션에 많은 영향을 미치게 되며 대상에 대한 특별한 느낌이나 분위기를 연상시키기도 하고 앞으로 일어날 일에 대해 암시적인 역할을 하는 것이다. 그러므로 프레임 위치에서 나타난 상징성들은 등장인물들의 내러티브와 성격과 갈등과 관계에 어떻게 나타나는 지 살펴보고, 그에 따라 프레임 위치와 등장인물들의 상관관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 분석할 대상으로는 각기 다른 성격 연인들의 내러티브를 가지고 진행해 나간 <신사의 품격>을 선정하였다. 분석 결과, 등장인물들은 프레임의 윗부분에 주로 나타났는데 프레임 위 중앙(UC)은 자기주장이 강한 캐릭터가 주로 나타났고, 위 오른쪽(UR)은 자신의 입장을 뭔가 표현하기 불편한 캐릭터들이 상대방을 주로 바라보거나 상대방에게 공격을 하거나 트러블이 생기는 경향을 보였다. 위 왼쪽(UL)은 상대방에게 주도적으로 어떠한 행동을 당하거나 자신이 숨기고 있던 마음을 읽히거나 하는 캐릭터가 위치하였다. 전반적으로 긍정적인 캐릭터는 우측에 나타난 반면, 부정적이거나 불가항력적인 캐릭터는 좌측에 나타났다. 여성과 남성으로 분류해서 위치를 살펴본 결과는 남성에 비해 여성이 위쪽 중앙(UC)에 위치하는 장면이 적었다. 중앙에서 남성은 여성에게 주도적인 행동을 하거나 자신의 마음을 보여주는 장면에서 나타났으나 여성은 남성에 의해 행동을 당하는 장면이나 자신의 마음을 상대방에게 보여주는 것이 아니라 자신의 마음을 관객과 소통하는 장면에서 사용되었다. 커플의 내러티브와 관련이 깊게 나타났는데 커플간의 관계에 트라우마나 단절되는 관계에서는 좌측 위치에 많이 나타났고, 긍정적이며 미래지향적인 커플은 우측에 주로 나타났으며, 사랑의 권력 관계에 따라 중앙에 위치하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이렇게 프레임 위치에 따라 나타난 상징성과 다양한 캐릭터들이 가지고 있는 내러티브와 트라우마들을 비교한 결과 프레임 위치가 캐릭터의 성격을 구성하는데 중요한 역할을 하고 있었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.498-509
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• 1998

The phrases such as elders' powerless soliloquy or stammering and their positions unadjusted to the real world are, so far, one of negative views on elder's reminiscences. In other words, it means that elders can get psychological consolation from the getting themselves absorbed in their past. The starting point of this study is, however, that elders' reminiscence are their own mode of the existence. This dissertation is studied through Van Manen's phenomenological research method. The aim of this study is to examine the nature of Korean elders' reminiscences by both observing and describing the reminiscing content in everyday life of elders. The research participants consist of the ten elders who are community elders, hospitalized elders and nursing home residents. The period of the research is about a year from Jan., 1996 to Feb., 1997. The results of this study are as follows : The natures of elders' reminiscences are the regrecting on their life, mitigating the regrects, the confirmation of the powers and the confirmation of their life's mark. The regrecting on their life is the starting point of elders's reminiscences. Elders have tried to examine their life through reflection on their life that they did not live good life as son and daughter for parents and as parents for children and that they have foolishly lived, on dream that they did not come true, on their learning that they did not unsatisfied. But elders mitigate the regrects. They have felt their limitations of power in the conflict of human relation, the economic matter and the difficult predicament, and have finally accepted their life as it is by conquesting from their tenacity. It is dynamically found that both the regrecting on their life and mitigating of the regrection. And they pursuit the powers. It means the pursuit of the vital powers, the vigorous powers and the competency. Elders have pursued their vitality, vigor and competency through their reminiscences and have wanted to be recognised by others as a powerful being. These have dynamic and compounded aspects. The confirmation of their life's mark refer to through their own situation of health, condition, children, neighbourhood and doing their duty as a human. Elders have confirmed the present value of their being through the reflecting the present, past self, other men around themselves, children, neighborhood and the doing their human duty as a good men. Therefore the results of this study can offer new view on the elders' reminiscences that we have to understand them as a process as what they are, escaping from the simple logic that elders' reminiscence have a positive or a negative effects. Also, this study which have examined the natures of Korean elders' reminiscences can cast a new light on elders' nursing proper for Korean culture.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.96-108
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• 1990

도시와 농촌지역 고등학생들의 상병 및 의료이용 양상을 파악하여 보건교육자료로 활용하고, 학교보건 정책을 수립하는데 도움이 되고자 1989년 3월 27일부터 4월 8일까지 부산 학생 1,979명과 경남 학생 1,315명의 남 녀 인문계 고등학생을 대상으로 설문조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상학생 중 37.8%가 1개월 간에 1회이상 상병을 경험하였으며, 월간 상병률은 1,000 명당 453.2였다. 도시학생(550.8)이 농촌학생(306.5) 보다 여학생(561.9)이 남학생(328.3) 보다 높았다(P<0.01).

• 무역상무연구
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• 제57권
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• pp.283-303
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• 2013

When a trade conflict arises related to an officially supported export credit programme, The World Trade Organization(WTO), decides on whether the programme is a forbidden subsidy stipulated in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(the ASCM Agreement). Korea was taken to the WTO panel two times for the export credit programme. One is the semiconductor case in 2002 and the other was the shipbuilding disputes in 2004. And, In 2012, the U.S. Commerce Department ruled K-SURE's export insurance for Korean refrigerator manufacturers as a forbidden subsidy even if the case was not taken to the WTO. This paper examines the significance of export credit programmes on the WTO ASCM Agreement and discusses how to operate these programmes so they would not infringe upon the Agreement by analyzing the actual cases of WTO subsidy conflicts that involved Korean enterprises in relation to export credit programmes for the purpose of determining the related issues and impacts. From this research the results were as follows: First, on whether export credit is a prohibited subsidy, the deciding factor was whether a benefit has been conferred to the beneficiary. On the presence of a benefit, the WTO panel used market benchmarks as the main criteria. Thus, official export credit agencies(ECAs) should be careful not to provide export credit support which had been granted to the beneficiary at better than market terms. Second, in the case of export credit, the special status of ECA as a public body receiving government support itself does not constitute a subsidy. However, caution must be taken not to provide export credit that may lead to WTO ASCM subsidy conflicts involving a certain exporter or industry by setting up clear and valid regulations and fair work processes in the operation of export credit programmes. Third, item (j) of Annex I cannot be interpreted reversely as this item is for interpreting the presence of a prohibited subsidy, not the presence of a benefit. Thus, an export credit program that confers a financial contribution, a benefit and specificity, could qualify as a prohibited subsidy. Fourth, ECAs not only have to maintain long-term account balance but also introduce additional measures to meet this long-term balance such as a clear and systematic premium system. Finally, export credit programmes that are not defined in item (j) of Annex I of the ASCM Agreement would not deemed as an prohibited export subsidy as long as the continued support of the programmes are not being forced.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.461-480
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• 2003

본 논문은 대구를 사례로 신도시화 과정을 경제, 정치, 사회문화, 환경 그리고 공간적 측면으로 나누어 고찰하였다. 경제적으로 대구의 산업구조는 제조업 중심에서 서비스산업으로 바뀌었으며, 산업의 특화정도는 조립금속과 정밀 광학분야의 비중이 높아지고 있으나 여전히 섬유산업위주의 단선적 산업구조의 틀을 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 정치적으로 지방자치제의 실시로 지역 간의 경쟁이 첨예해지는 상황에서, 대구 지방정부는 전반적으로 지역여건을 성장주의적 분위기로 이끌어가면서, 약화되는 지역 투자나 생산기능을 확충하기 위해 민 관 학의 연계체계를 구성하여 지역의 현안 문제를 해결하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 사회적으로 구도시 체제에서는 대규모 하드웨어 시설에 많은 투자를 하였으나 신도시 체제에서는 사회문화적 소프트웨어시설에 많은 투자를 하게 되었다. 문화적으로는 기존의 축제가 행정 편의적이고 가시적 축제였다면, 현재의 축제는 시민들과 함께 할 뿐만 아니라 지역경제 활성화에 도움을 주는 축제로 변하고 있다. 환경적으로 지방자치제가 본격적으로 시작되면서 산업기반시설과 혐오시설의 입지로 인해 지방자치단체간의 가치 및 이해관계를 둘러싼 갈등문제가 심각하게 표출하고 있다. 마지막으로 신도시화 과정에서 주거팽창과 공간구조의 불균형적 이용은 토지이용의 비효율성을 야기하고 있다. 이런 무계획적인 도시의 외연적 확산은 직주분리와 사람들의 이동의 필요성을 증대시켰으며 이는 에너지 과소비적 도시공간구조를 가져왔다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2017

우리나라 교육은 대학졸업이 필수적인 것으로 생각하며, 이러한 사회현상으로 진로선택이 매우 중요한 과제이나 청소년이나 청년들은 자신의 진로를 스스로 결정하거나 책임지기에는 매우 부족한 부분이 많다. 그로인해 타인의 영향을 받게 되므로, 대학생들의 진로정체감이 진로자기조절과 전공만족도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해 알아보았다. 본 연구 대상자는 M전문대 1-3학년 대학생 300명으로 하였다. 조사기간은 2015 .9 .30~10. 7까지 이루어졌다. 연구 결과 첫째, 진로정체감이 진로자기조절에 미치는 영향의 결과는 진로환경조성 18%, 진로몰입의지 27%, 계획 및 점검 18%, 진로피드백 12%, 긍정적사고 22%로 나타났으며 진로몰입의지가 진로정체감에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 진로정체감은 전공만족도에 어떤 영향이 있는지에 대한 결과는 인식만족, 관계만족, 일반만족이 진로결정에 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과 대학생의 진로정체감이 전공이나 직업선택에 갈등을 낮추고, 그들이 전공에 대한 만족감이 높아지면 취업준비나 직업선택에 자신감과 인생목표를 세울 수 있다는 결과가 도출되었다. 그러므로 대학에서는 진로정체감을 높이기 위한 방법으로 직업지도프로그램과 진로상담 등에 대한 개발과 연구가 필요하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Purpose - The Garak agricultural wholesale market ('Garak Market') plays a central role in the distribution of agricultural products in Korea and is important in connecting consumers with producers. However, problems regarding inefficiencies and the high-cost structure of the wholesale market's distribution/logistical system are being raised in relation to severe competition among retailers. Furthermore, the service needs of retailers and market users are not being fulfilled due to the inconsistency of the wholesale market's functions and facilities, thus reducing the competitiveness of the market. In this regard, innovative changes are being requested of the agricultural wholesale market according to changes in the agricultural product distribution environment. In particular, the lack of unloading facilities and the outdated unloading system of the wholesale market must be improved to enhance system efficiency. Research design, data, and methodology - This study observed the problems of the unloading system of the agricultural wholesale market in order to present relevant measures for improvement. The need for unloading auctions was also researched in this study. The survey of 70 forwarders belonging to the producing district distributor association of the Garak market was conducted by post. Additionally, 20 auction dealers and 59 shippers and transporters were individually interviewed. The survey on the need for unloading auctions used five-point Likert Scales. The statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS WIN 12.0 software. Results - First, the wholesale market must employ members of the unloading labor union to allow these employees to directly manage the unloading process. Second, it is crucial to revise regulations to ensure that the principal agent pays the unloading cost according to the standard unloading cost system. Third, the vehicle auction carried out for certain vegetable products must be converted to the unloaded auction system. According to the related interviews with the wholesale market's distribution agents, whereas shippers and transporters recognized the need for unloaded auctions, auction dealers tend to have a negative view of this system. Furthermore, the stated reasons in favor of unloaded cabbage, radish, and other vegetable auctions were prevention of constraint, creation of transparent trade conditions, and reduction of corrected seller tickets. Many of the respondents answered that the transport cost reduction rate in unloaded auctions must be below 20%. Fourth, the unloading system must be mechanized and a detailed, reasonable plan must be provided to settle the existing conflict with the unloading labor union. Conclusions - The proposals in this study are expected to play an important role in improving the cargo handling system of the wholesale agricultural product market in the future. Improving the system is expected to help shore up the competitiveness of the industry. If all the related bodies closely cooperate with each other and work harder, taking advantage of the synergies created by the facility modernization project, the Garak market will play a pivotal role in the distribution of agricultural products.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2012

사회복지관련 예산의 급격한 증가가 함께 사회복지관련 사업도 다양한 분야로 확대되고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 사회복지정책을 수행하는 정부 및 지자체에 의한 지원과 보조사업 추진의 당위성 및 논거를 명확히 할 필요가 있다고 사료되며, 본 연구는 후생경제학 입장에서 장애인복지관련 예산이 국가경제 및 지역경제에 미치는 경제적 효과를 살펴보았다. 장애인복지정책의 달성을 위한 예산 지출은 기업 및 개인의 소비행위를 연속적 및 직 간접적으로 파생시키게 되며, 본 연구에서는 산업연관분석을 이용하여 장애인복지예산의 경제적 효과로써 생산, 부가가치, 고용, 취업 등에 얼마나 기여하는가를 계량적으로 추정하여 제시하였다. 수도권 3개 지자체의 장애인복지관련 예산지출에 의해 연간 1조 3천억원의 생산을 유발시키며, 8,015.9억원의 직간접 부가가치를 파급시키는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 17,673.2명의 고용 및 26,825.2명의 취업을 창출시키는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구 결과는 장애인 사회복지예산을 소비지출로 인식하는 사회분위기 속에서 사회적 논란 야기 및 재정압박 요인으로 작용하는 현시점에서 복지 분야에 대한 정부 및 지자체의 장애인복지정책에 의한 개입 지원 보조의 당위성 논의의 타당성은 결국 실증적인 분석을 통하여 뒷받침될 수 있느냐에 달려 있다고 사료되며, 본 연구는 이를 위한 기초적 연구로서의 역할이 기대된다. 또한 복지예산은 소멸성 지출이 아니며 우리나라 사회 경제에 다양한 영향을 파생시키는 중요한 산업임을 본 연구에서 확인할 수 있었으며, 지속적 연구를 통해 정책적 지원 및 사회적 합의가 필요하다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제16권
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• pp.36-70
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate women's radio talk program and evaluate its possibilities and limitation from the point of feminist perspective. The theoretical framework is based on feminist studies and text analysis of talk show. Existing studies regarding talk show are mainly focused on television. But radio talk show is one of general entertainment and it's influences on minorities are still significant. is the most representative women's radio talk program in Korea. It has been broadcasted over 10 years and very popular among Korean housewives. The audience of this program call themselves schoolfellow, and call the program 'school of women'. The media text of is mainly consisted of letters from women audiences, and they are selected by producers. So the text is made by both audiences and producers. The unique combination of this process produces complicated discourses which contain women's experiences in letters and station's considerations through safekeeping. The problems investigated in this study are as follows: First, What discourses are produced in this program? Second, Alternative possibilities can be seen in this program in feminist perspectives? Text analysis of 1week(2000.9.18-9.24) and interview with producers are accomplished to this purposes. In the text analysis, subject matters, inscribed women's position, values of the letters are revealed. Most of the subject matters are family affairs. Some are socially oriented but family and home are the predominant category of women's letters. And the position of women subject is defined in the domestic network. They are nameless but the mother, wife, daughter, daughter-in-law of other people. In value, family-oriented value and small happiness in everyday life are generally appeared. But these values are essentially coincide with the values of status quo. The answers of the conflict are not public but individualized. And acception the status quo is presented as the wisest decision, But ` has many implications in relation to women's sharing of their experience, and construction of imagined community in media. Women continuously interact each other revealing and discussing their experiences and sometimes their social practices are stirred through this media sphere. So we see the 'emotional union' among women are formed through radio. The limitation of this program is very apparent: it's patriarchic values, acception of status quo, and individualization of the women's problems. But in the same time we can read coexisting it's latent possibilities: the possibilities of women's public sphere. But it is completely alternative women's sphere in feminist perspectives. It renders women opportunities to participate public media and share with other women, and collaborate with their problem.