• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.163-187
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• 2008

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of precocious puberty in current traditional Chinese medical journals. Methods To figure out diagnosis methods, treatment methods, treatment effects of oriental medicine about precious puberty, Chinese medical journals from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) which was published from 1999 to 2007 were analyzed and precocious puberty was also been searched. Results 82 articles were selected. 1. Yin and purging Fire(滋陰瀉火) from traditional Chinese Medicine was usually used. 2. The herbs were almost used such as Rehmannia glutinosa(地黃), Anemarrhena asphodeloides (知母), Phellodendron amurense(黃柏), Thesium chinense(夏枯草), Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews(牧丹皮), Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉), Testudinis Plastrum(龜板), Paeonia japonica(白芍藥), Bupleurum falcatum(柴胡), Genianae Scabrae Radix(龍膽草). 3. The total improvement rate was 72.50 to 100% Conclusions The oriental medical treatments for precocious puberty were presumed to be effective, but more studies are still needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2002

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Radix (Panax ginseng C.A. MEY.), Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (Zizyphus spinosa HU.) and Rehmanniae Radix Preparat (Rehmannia glutinosa LIBOSCH.) on the serotonin- immunoreactivity cells in the Caudal raphe nuclei, Rostal raphe nuclei and hippocampus of the mouse brain. Methods : The mice were stressed by restraining for one hour and treated with herbal medicine by oral feeding. The mice were killed after one hour and observed by electron microscope after immunohistochemical staining. Results : In the caudal raphe nuclei of the medulla oblongata, the highest number of 5-HT immunoreactivity cells were observed at the Zizyphi Spinosae Semen-treated group, while the lowest level among the herbs treatment group was shown at the Ginseng Radix group. In the hippocampus, serotonin-immunoreactive cells were expressed significantly at the CA3 area while the lowest level of it was shown at the control group. In the midbrain, immunoreactive cells were expressed higher than other groups, while observed at the lowest level in the control group. Conclusions : The extracts of Zizyphi Spinosae Semen, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat and Ginseng Radix show a certain degree of effect on the change of serotonin immunoreactive neurons as an index of nerve disorder.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 1985

In order to search for potential antidotes for T-2 toxin poisoning, seven Chinese herbal drug extracts and five natural constituents were tested on mice intoxicated with T-2 toxin. When extracts of Panax ginseng and Atractylodes japonica (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. once 3 hrs before and once 1 hr after T-2 toxin treatment, a 30% complete survival rate was noted. In case of Paeonia albiflora var. typica, a 30% complete survival rate was also produced at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Other extracts, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rehmannia glutinosa and Plantago asiatica exhibited no significant protection from the T-2 toxin poisoning. A nucleoside, thymidine showed protective activity against T-2 toxin toxicity and it produced a 40% complete survival rate when administered i.p. once 0.5 hr after T-2 toxin treatment. Other natural constituents, aucubin, vitamin C and E, and lipoic acid did not show any significant protective activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2011

Twenty-four compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of Rehmanniae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) cultivated in Ubo-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk province, Korea and their structures were identified as four iridoids [6-O-(4''-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl) vanilloyl ajugol (17), ajugol (18), aucubin (19), and catalpol (20)], three phenethyl alcohol glycosides [decaffeoyl acteoside (15), isoacteoside (16), and acteoside (21)], five sugar derivatives [ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranoside (7), eleutheroside C (14), mannitol (22), raffinose (23), and stachyose (24)], two terpenoids [remophilanetriol (4) and glutinolic acid (11)], a lignan, paulownin (2), and eight others [${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (6), monopalmitin (3), pinellic acid (9), uracil (5), adenosine (12), jio-cerebroside (10), aeginetic acid 5-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (8), aeginetoyl ajugol 5''-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (13)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, paulownin (2), monopalmitin (3), uracil (5), daucosterol (6), ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructo-furanoside (7), and eleutheroside C (14) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2011

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder of the periodontium, characterized by destruction of the tooth supporting tissues including alveolar bone and mediated by various pro-inflammatory mediators. Here, we demonstrated that HP08-0106, composed of four crude drugs-Gardenia jasminoides Grandiflora, Angelica gigas Nakai, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia in a weight ratio of 2:2:1:2, perturbs inflammatory responses, osteoclast formation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and alveolar bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis. HP08-0106 decreased the protein level of iNOS and COX2 as well as the secreted level of IL-$1{\beta}$, indicating that HP08-0106 has antiinflammatory effects. HP08-0106 also inhibited the expression of genes associated with osteoclastogenesis including c-Fos, MMP-9 and TRAP. Moreover, HP08-0106 exhibited a protective effect from alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis animal models. Our results strongly suggest that HP08-0106 represent an important therapeutic tool to treat inflammatory disorders associated with bone loss such as periodontitis.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2022

Objective This study identified useful herbal medicines and prescriptions for obesity treatment by analyzing herbal medicines and prescriptions that showed meaningful results in weight loss by changing the gut microbiota. Methods Using PubMed, we selected and studied 23 papers showing meaningful results on weight loss through changes in the gut microbiota using herbal medicines. Result Of the 23 selected papers, 17 were of studies using herbal medicines, and 6 of studies using prescriptions. Pomegranate peel, Flos Lonicera, Rehmannia glutinosa, Rhein, Coix seed, Platycodon grandiflorus, mulberry leaves, Poria cocos, asperuloside, Bupleuri radix, Astragalus polysaccharides, Ephedra sinica, Ganoderma lucidum, Hirsutella sinensis, Caulis spatholobi, aconite, and Bletilla striata were used as herbal medicine. Linggui zhugan-tang, Bofutsushosan, Shenling baizhu powder, Chowiseungcheng-tang, Daesiho-tang, and Yijin-tang were used as prescription. Conclusion Seventeen herbal medicines and six prescriptions associated with meaningful results in weight loss through changes in the gut microbiota, suggest the possibility of treatment and prevention of obesity through herbal medicine.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.35-48
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to review relevant clinical studies to investigate the effectiveness of herbal medicines for IgA (Immunoglobulin A) nephropathy in children. Methods Studies on herbal treatment for IgA nephropathy were searched and analyzed through electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, CiNii, J-STAGE, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System and Science ON. Studies included Randomized controlled trials and case series. Results We selected nine studies and analyzed the findings. In most studies, improvement of IgA nephropathy was observed after treatment, and was evaluated using factors as 24 hour urine protein, hematuria, Scr (serum creatinine) and BUN (blood urea nitrogen). The most commonly used herbs for IgA nephropathy were Poria cocos (茯苓), Astragalus membranaceus (黃芪), and Rehmannia glutinosa (生地黃). Conclusions Based on the results of the clinical studies, we identified that herbal medicine is an effective treatment for IgA nephropathy. However, additional systematic clinical studies are necessary to prove its effect and safety.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.486-492
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• 2001

The antimutagenic mechanism of the fraction III(RG III)separated from the water extract of Rehmannia glutionosa was investigated by Escherichia. coli GW and B/r strains. RG-III treatment did not affect the ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity E. coli GW-1060, 1106, 1107 and 1105. These results indicated that RG-III did not induce RecA protein amplification and did not also prevent the proteolytic cleavage of LexA. The bio-antimutagenicity and survival effect of RG-III on 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide(4NQO), N-methyl-N-nitor-N\`-nitrosoguanidine(MNING) were investigate by E. coli B/r strains with have different pathway of DNA repai. RG-III slightly increased the survival of 4NQO-treated WP2, WP2s, WP67, CM561, CM611 cells, but the reactivation of survival cannot ve explained by the repair mode. RG-III caused the decrease of mutagenicity and lethality treated with MNNG in ZA159 despite of the increase in WP2, WP2s, WP67, CW561, CM611. Compared with bio-antimutagenic effects of RG-III on 4NQO, greatly increased antimutagenic effects of RG-III were observed with all the E. coli B/r strains tested, but less active in ZA159. These results suggest that RG-III was identified as a blocking agent for preventing the 4NQO induced mutagenesis, and may act as chl-products.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-inflammorty properties of herbs via MAPKs such as ERK, p38, JNK. Fifty-one kinds of each herbal medicine, that were extracted with ethanol, were used in the inhibitory assay of cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) and NO. of these, 10 species of herbal medicines, Angelica dahurica, Atractylodes lancea, Cnidium officinale, Duchesnea chrysantha, Oldenlandia diffusa, Lonicera japonica, Paeonia lactiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Rehmannia glutinosa and Rubus coreanus, were screened as potential inhibitors (< $300{\mu}g/mL$) of NO, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Among the 10 species, Lonicera japonica showed potential anti-inflammatory effects Lonicera japonica extract of $200{\mu}g/mL$ inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. In addition, Lonicera japonica extract at 20 mg/kg increased survival rate from LPS-induced endotoxin shock by 3 fold.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Background: Rehmanniae radix preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional medicine and is one of the most important oriental herbal medicines. However, the physical characteristics of RRP are not suitable for use in industry. The present study was under-taken to determined the preparation method of RRP powder and the physicochemical characteristics of RRP powder by milling under different pre-freezing temperatures. Methods and Results: Moisture content, powder yield, particle size, bulk density, compressive stress, extraction yield, and 5-HMF content of PRR powders by milling with pre-freezing temperatures (-20, -40, -60, and $-80^{\circ}C$) were analyzed, and correlation among these factors was determined. Powder yield increased and particle size decreased in a pre-freezing temperature-dependent manner from -20 to $-60^{\circ}C$. The Hausner ratio increased from 1.186 to 1.225 with decreasing temperature from -20 to $-80^{\circ}C$, whereas compressive stress showed the opposite trend. Extraction yield and 5-HMF content were not significantly different between RRP powder. Significant correlations were observed among pre-freezing temperature and physical characteristics (e.g., yield, particle size, Hausner ratio, and compressive stress). Conclusions: These results suggest that the pre-freezing temperature is an important factor affecting the physical characteristics of PRR powder and applicable to the industrial production of RRP powder.