• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate and compare the knowledge of hepatitis B in nursing and dental hygiene students in Busan. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 361 students in nursing and dental hygiene departments in Busan from August 25 to September 4, 2013. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13.0 for descriptive statistical analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test and set at p<0.05. Results : Knowledge in hepatitis B consisted of 25 questions including severity of hepatitis B, general knowledge, infection routes, and symptoms and treatment. There was no significant difference between nursing and dental hygiene students in knowledge; nursing students showed an average of $18.21{\pm}2.809$ and dental hygiene showed $17.71{\pm}3.23$. The average score was $17.96{\pm}3.03$ out of 25 questions. Conclusions : There is no significant difference between nursing and dental hygiene students in knowledge of hepatitis B. It is necessary to emphasize the education of hepatitis B periodically in addition to regular curricula.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.193-203
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• 2012

This study analyzed regular transportation costs between port warehouses and processing plants and between processing plants and central distribution centers and further transportation costs relations according to empty transfer rates in each circulation by examining the distribution routes of imported grain including wheat, barley, corn, and soybean, namely port warehouses, processing plants, and central distribution centers. Based on the results, the study compared and reviewed the logistics transportation costs. The analysis results of the alternative model show that logistics operational costs could be considerably cut down by introducing a flexible vehicle transportation operational method, which is to change the vehicle loading parts for proper substitute transportation after unloading and transport them to other locations such as central distribution centers instead of returning empty, as an alternative to high operational costs deriving from empty vehicle operation in each circulation after unloading items in case of transportation of imported grain and processed items. The results allow for a more realistic approach to general problems with large-scale distribution network operation and provide a theoretical foundation to serve as a guide to establish policies for corporate operation of imported grain logistics systems.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.31
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• pp.131-163
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• 2018

The concept of pilgrimage is a phenomenon that appears in almost every major religion. It is traditionally defined as religious travel to a sacred external place for spiritual purposes and introspection. However, there are many different relationships between pilgrimages and religious customs, including excursions through abstract dimensions and regular journeys such as annual holidays. Because modern pilgrimages are taken for a variety of reasons, they are not limited to faith-based historical locations. Thus, many scholars also perceive pilgrimages as an increasing part of the general industry of tourism. These journeys are now studied in a diverse range of fields (e.g., ethnography and tourism). In this way, pilgrimages have created a new market from an industrial perspective. This economic analysis has resulted in secular interest. Pilgrimages can now be taken by gil (walkways), which have gained tremendous popularity. Thus, religiosity and humanity as they are embraced through pilgrimages are now receiving outside influences. This study therefore is aimed at generating suggestions for developing the pilgrimage routes related to Kang Jeungsan (i.e., the Supreme God of Daesoon Jinrihoe). These proposed Jeungsan routes are not simply restricted to religious activities or nostalgia, nor are they exclusively concerned with encountering holiness. To realize this idea, it is necessary to reconsider the concept of a sacred space.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2013

As facilities and equipments for learning activities in college campuses are handled by mass public, their contact surfaces may function as major routes of cross-infection of microbial pathogens. However, unlike items in cafeteria which is the typical target for campus hygiene, those surfaces are not under regular surveillance or sanitary maintenance. In this study, I made a quantitative comparison of the risk of being exposed to microbial pathogens from use of learning facilities such as classrooms and library to the risk from use of cafeteria, for about 1,500 students in a college. Regarding total coliforms as surrogate model of bacterial pathogens, exposure rates were estimated for each item in learning facilities and cafeterias by devising deterministic exposure algorithms based on bacterial abundance, contract rates and transfer rates. The exposure rate in cafeterias was 1.0 CFU/day while learning facilities imposed the rate of 0.5 CFU/day, which reaches a half of the exposure rate in cafeterias. However, 70% of students were exposed more in learning facilities than cafeteria because individuals had different frequencies in using cafeteria. Based on the results, some human-contact surfaces of learning facilities, including elevator buttons, may require regular sanitary maintenance. An efficient sanitary maintenance considering seasonality in diversity of pathogens involved with cross-infections is suggested besides improvement of personal hygiene among students.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

Seosan-Daesan Port is the sixth largest port in Korea, and it promotes port infrastructure expansion, regular route development, overseas marketing, and port incentive systems for continuous growth. In addition, the port is planning to open a regular car ferry line to Weihai, China. This study aims to provide useful research data for effective decision making by analyzing the feasibility of opening the Chinese (Weihai) car ferry route of Seosan-Daesan Port. Currently, some car ferry routes that operate between Korea and China are open at Incheon Port, the Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, and the Port of Gunsan. In order to estimate the volume of cargo that will be created when the car ferry route from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai opens, this research analyzes the domestic cargo volume from the Chungcheongnam-do region, where Seosan-Daesan Port is located, to each of the regions where the other ports are located. We estimated the volume of cargo that can be transported on the car ferry from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai. As a result, by 2020, about 76,000 passengers and about 50,000 tons of cargo could be created. Suggestions were made for policy strategies that would revitalize passenger numbers and secure the cargo volume of the car ferry, along with a discussion of and the port incentive system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.3 s.109
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• pp.227-233
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• 2006

As North-east Chinese parts including Shanghai port grow rapidly, competition among the Far-East parts to be a hub port is getting higher, somebody has even raised a crisis of Busan port. However there are same constraints an the North-east parts such as weather aggravation and long distance from main truck routes. When we consider the competitiveness of port, weather aggravation should be considered as one of the significant factors. But previous studies have rarely examined these kinds of external factors of port operation Therefore, this study analyze constraints an the North-east Chinese parts through a survey of same national flag shipping companies and agencies of foreign shipping companies. The result shows that the mast significant constraint in the North-east ports is weather aggravation which causes problems for regular schedules of shipping, operation cast and customer service qualities etc.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.334-341
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• 2014

Due to the rise of international oil prices, with the continued increase of vessel operating costs, profitability has gradually deteriorated in the some case of South Korea ferry shipping. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the resistance performance of passenger ship. Goose neck bulb can be one of the methods to improve the resistance performance of passenger ship. Goose neck bulb has been applied to passenger ships operated in Europe and large cruise line. But there is no application example in the passenger ship to be operated on a regular basis in the sea near Korea. It is needed to provide reference data that can be applied efficiently goose neck bulb on the medium-sized passenger ships. This study, intended for the medium-sized passenger ship operated short international routes, presents the design of the hull form that goose neck bulb has been applied. And the resistance performance of the designed hull confirmed by numerical simulation. The numerical simulation is performed while changing the local shape of the goose neck depending on the bulb parameters. This study finds bulb parameters and their range that can affect the resistance performance. Thus, it is possible to provide a foundation to develop the optimal design technique and regression analysis on the resistance performance and goose neck bulb.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.241-251
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• 2012

The emissions of several air pollutants ($NO_x$, CO, VOCs, etc.) for the replacement of all diesel buses by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses were estimated in the Busan Metropolitan Area (BMA). These emissions were calculated from emission factors considering the different driving speeds with bus routes, distance traveled, and deterioration factors. For the purpose of this study, three categories of fuel type were selected: (1) the combination of diesel (65%) and CNG buses (35%) (DSL+CNG case), (2) all diesel buses (DSL case), and (3) all CNG buses (CNG case). The emissions of $NO_x$ and CO in the CNG case were estimated to be significant decreases (by about 50% and 98%, respectively) relative to the DSL case. Conversely, the emission of VOCs (980.7 ton/year) in the CNG case were a factor of 3.3 higher than that (299.8 ton/year) in the DSL case. In addition, the diurnal variations of emissions between two city buses (e.g. diesel and CNG) and all other vehicles were distinctly different because the two city buses operate at a regular time interval. Our overall results suggest the possibility that the pollutant emissions from the CNG buses can exert less influence on air quality in the target area than those from the diesel buses.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.537-542
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• 1997

Chloral hydrate is one of the most widely used sedative agents to control the difficult-to-treat young age group in the dental clinic. The normal onset time of oral Chloral hydrate is 30-45 minute with some variations. We are often frustrated see the patient still awake and cry with agitation even after far more than the normal onset time. In such a case, the patient has to be rescheduled for another sedation visit with different agents and/or routes which greatly disappoints the guardians. This case report presents a sedative regimen that can possibly help the clinician complete scheduled treatment without postponement. We have tried additional administration of Midazolam intranasally to 22 patients of those who failed to respond properly to the initial dose(50-75mg/kg) of oral Chloral hydrate. The average age and weight of the patients was 34.2 months(22-61 mos.) and 15.2 kg(10-17 kg) respectively. Half of the regular dose of Midazolam(0.1mg/kg) was administered intranasally. using needless syringe in 42 cases without notable resistance of the patient. The onset was very rapid in most cases and colud proceed the treatment under the constant monitoring by Pulse oximeter. All the planned procedures could be completed in 93.2 % (69.4% of 'Good' plus 23.8% of 'Fair' rating)with only 6.8 %('Poor' rating) of failure rate. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after the procedures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.436-444
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to assess the efficiency of the airline's route. The revenue source of low cost airline carriers is not various unlike regular airline carriers, because they are operating only domestic and international flights for a country of close proximity. In particular, domestic low-cost airlines in Korea can't provide cargo transport services but rely on passengers and additional services to generate profits. Therefore, it is absolutely important to maintain a low cost and effective passenger transport line. This study will suggest the way to improve efficiency of route operated by low-cost airlines. Analysis method is DEA. The input parameters and output results were selected by existing research. Based on the results of this study, it will be able to assist establishing routes and selling strategies of the low-cost airlines.