• Title/Summary/Keyword: Regional food

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Importance of the Mixotrophic Ciliate Myrionecta rubra in Marine Ecosystems (해양 생태계 내에서 혼합영양 섬모류 Myrionecta rubra의 중요성)

  • Myung, Geum-Og;Kim, Hyung-Seop;Jang, Keon-Gang;Park, Jong-Woo;Yih, Won-Ho
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.178-185
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    • 2007
  • Myrionecta rubra Jankowski 1976(=Mesodinium rubrum Lohmann 1908), a mixotrophic ciliate, is very common and often causes recurrent red tides in diverse marine environments. Since the report on the first laboratory strain of this species in 2000, papers on its novel ecological role and evolutionary importance have been high lighted. This review paper is prepared to promote the de novo recognition M. rubra as a marine mixotrophic species. M. rubra is a ciliate which is able to photosynthesize using plastids originated from cryptophyte (including Teleaulax sp. and Geminigera sp.) prey cells (i.e. kleptoplastidic ciliate). Recently, novel bacterivory of M. rubra was firstly reported. Thus, the nutritional modes of M. rubra include photosynthesis, bacterivory, and algivory. In turn, M. rubra was reported as the prey species of metazoan predators such as calanoid copepods, mysids, larvae of ctenophore and anchovy, and spats of bivalves. In addition, it was reported that dinoflagellate Dinophysis causing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning is one among the predators of M. rubra. Thus, M. rubra, a marine mixotrophic ciliate, may play a pivotal role as a common linking ciliate for the flow of energy and organic material in pelagic food webs.

Development of Polyclonal Antibodies to Abdominal and Subcutaneous Adipocyte for Producing Fat-reduced High Quality Pork (저지방 고품질 돈육 생산을 위한 돼지 복강 및 피하지방 항체 개발)

  • Choi, Chang-Weon;Baek, Kyung-Hoon;Choi, Chang-Bon;Oh, Young-Kyoon;Hong, Seong-Koo
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2010
  • The aim of the present study was to develop polyclonal antibodies to regional inedible adipocytes of pigs and investigate the effect of these antibodies on adipocytes in vitro. As antigens, abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte PMPs from pigs were injected into sheep 3 times per 3 wk intervals for passive immunization, and non-immunized serum, antisera against abodominal (AAb) or subcutaneous adipocyte PMPs (SAb) were collected before and after the injections. Titers of the antisera obtained from sheep and their cross-reactivities with the heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and spleen of pig were determined by ELISA. Isolation and culture of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes from pigs were performed to analyze LDH concentration. At a 1:1,000 dilution, little antibody reactivity was observed for non-immunized serum whereas both AAb and SAb had relatively strong reactivity up to a dilution of 1:16,000. These findings may indicate that strong antibodies against adipocyte PMPs can be developed using an immunological approach. Extremely low reactivity of AAb and SAb was detected with the PMPs of the organs. Both antisera most strongly reacted with each adipocyte PMPs and showed statistically (p<0.05) higher cross-reactivities compared with the non-immunized serum. In conclusion, these results may indicate that the present polyclonal antibodies against regional inedible adipocyte PMPs are well developed and are safe against cross-reactivities with the organs of pigs. Further studies on the in vivo nutritional safety and fat reduction of these antibodies in pigs will be required fat-reduced high quality pork production.

Development of Polyclonal Antibodies to Abdominal and Subcutaneous Adipocytes for Fat-Reduced Hanwoo Beef Production (한우 체지방 감소 쇠고기 생산을 위한 복강 및 피하지방 항체 개발)

  • Choi, Chang-Weon;Kim, Yu-Hyun;Kim, Sang-Jin;Song, Man-Kang;Kwon, Eung-Gi;Oh, Young-Kyoon;Hong, Seong-Koo;Choi, Seong-Ho;Baek, Kyung-Hoon
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.651-659
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    • 2008
  • This study aimed to develop polyclonal antibodies to regional inedible adipocytes of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) and investigate cross-reactivity of the antibodies. Patterns in plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) from abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of Hanwoo isolated by collagenase digestion were investigated using SDS-PAGE. As antigens, abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte PMPs of Hanwoo were injected to sheep 3 times at 3 wk intervals for passive immunization, and non-immunized serum and antisera were collected before and after the injections. Titers of the antisera obtained from sheep and their cross-reactivities with heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and spleen of Hanwoo were determined by ELISA. Isolation and culture of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of Hanwoo were performed for analysing LDH concentration. Based on the SDS-PAGE analysis, specific proteins of PMPs in abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes appeared despite rather similar patterns between both adipocytes. At the level of 1:1,000 dilution, little antibody reactivity appeared in non-immunized serum whereas the antisera had relatively strong reactivity up to the level of 1:128,000 and 1:64,000 dilution. These findings may indicate that strong antibodies against adipocyte PMPs can be developed using an immunological approach. Extremely low reactivities of abdominal and subcutaneous adipocyte antisera were detected with PMPs of the organs. Both antisera strongly reacted with each adipocyte PMPs and showed statistically (p<0.01) higher cross-reactivities compared with non-immunized serum. In conclusion, these results may indicate that the present polyclonal antibodies against regional inedible adipocyte PMPs are well developed and have safety in cross-reactivities with body organs. Further studies on in vivo cross-reactivity and fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes PMPs of Hanwoo should be required for inedible fat-reduced high quality beef production.

Microorganism Contaminants of Dutch Coffee and Change according to the Storage Period (시판 더치커피의 미생물 오염도와 저장 기간에 따른 미생물 변화)

  • Hwang, Seong-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.422-427
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to investigate the microbiological contamination levels of Dutch coffee products marketed in Korea. The temperature conditions during distribution and storage were also considered in this experiment. Retailed Dutch coffee were purchased from regional cafes, that is, these were self-blended by the cafes, and the marketed products were purchased from department stores and from Internet sites. The 21 samples were blended in a coffee house and 9 were obtained from department stores or were delivered from internet sites. House blended Dutch coffee contained $35.2{\pm}15.8CFU/mL$ of general bacteria, and this increased to $78.4{\pm}29.7CFU/mL$ at room temperature or $51.2{\pm}32.1CFU/mL$ after refrigeration for 5 days. These almost reached the highest criteria level for the Korea Food Sanitation Law. After 10 days, the count increased to $98.5{\pm}58.4CFU/mL$ at room temperature and $86.7{\pm}44.2CFU/mL$ at refrigeration temperature. In the Dutch coffee for distribution, $39.6{\pm}20.1CFU/mL$ of general bacteria were detected, but these did not increase after 5 days or 10 days both for room temperature and under refrigeration. The Coliform group was not found in any kind of Dutch coffee, and Fungi was founded in 60% of the Dutch samples purchased in coffee houses, department stores, and shopping sites mall. On day 0 day, $2.6{\pm}1.7CFU/mL$ of fungi were detected in the coffee house Dutch, and it did not increase significantly during the storage period at room and in a cold temperature. $3.5{\pm}3.4CFU/mL$ of fungi were detected in the Dutch coffee for distribution, and it didn't increase during further storage under any temperature.

Quality Analysis on the Size and the Preparation Method of Meju for the Preparation of Korean Traditional Soy Sauce (Kanjang) (한국 재래식 간장 제조를 위한 메주의 크기와 제조 방법에 따른 품질특성)

  • Lee, Jong-Gu;Kwon, Kwang-Il;Choung, Myoung-Gun;Kwon, O-Jun;Choi, Ji-Young;Im, Moo-Hyeog
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.205-211
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to acquire basic data for industrial production of Korean traditional kanjang (soy sauce). Five types of meju, $23{\times}11{\times}12$ ($L{\times}W{\times}H$, cm), $23{\times}11{\times}7$, $15{\times}11{\times}7$, $11{\times}11{\times}6$, $11{\times}11{\times}6$ (made a hole $\varphi$ 1.5 cm) were prepared. The temperature and humidity of meju preparation were $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and 40~50% respectively. The smaller size of meju, the lower free amino acid and non-volatile organic acid content of that. And, two types of meju, conventional method (CM-meju, the temperature and humidity were prepared at $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and 40~50% of relative humidity) and improved method(IM-meju, the temperature and humidity were prepared at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$ and 80~90% of relative humidity) for kanjang production were prepared. There was no difference of total nitrogen content and soluble nitrogen content in the size of meju. In total free amino acid content and total free sugar content, IM-meju was the higher than CM-meju. So, the quality of IM-meju was better than that of CM-meju.

Utilization of Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi -2. Lipids of Ascidian with seasonal and regional variation- (우렁쉥이 이용에 관한 연구 -2. 계절 및 서식지에 따른 우렁쉥이의 지질성분-)

  • LEE Kang-Ho;PARK Chun-Soo;HONG Byeong-Il;JUNG Woo-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.141-149
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    • 1993
  • The seasonal variation of lipid content was mostly attributed to diet, water temperature and period of reproduction etc. The lipid mainly consisted of neutral lipid and phospholipid. Nonpolar lipid content was higher in between late spring and summer, while polar lipid content lower during the period. The composition of neutral, glyco, and phospholipid of the total lipid: in average was 53.88, 10.09 and $36.03\%$, respectively. The neutral lipids were composed of triglycride($51.88\%$) and free sterol($23.21\%$) as major component and a little quantity of diglycerides, monoglycerides, esterified sterols and hydrocarbon, free fatty acid were also identified. The phospholipids of each fraction were mainly occupied by phosphatidyl choline($55.5\%$), followed by phosphatidyl ethanolamine($27.8\%$), phosphatidyl inositol($8.65\%$) and phosphatidyl serine($4.85\%$). The major fatty acids of the total lipid in ascidian were $C_{20:5},\;C_{22:6},\;C_{16:6}\;and\;C_{18:1}$, respectively. The fatty acid composition of phospholipid and neutral lipid showed a similar tendency to that of the total lipid. The major fatty acids in the fraction of glycolipid, however, appeared $C_{16:0},\;C_{20:1},\;C_{18:0}\;and\;C_{18:1}$ in order.

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Effect of Calcium Extracted from Salted Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) on Calcium Metabolism of the Rat (멸치젓에서 추출한 칼슘이 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyang Suk;Choi, Eun Ok;Kim, Man Do;Choi, Yung Hyun;Kim, Byung Woo;Kim, Soo Yeon;Hwang, Hye Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to examine the effect of calcium extracted from salted anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) on the calcium metabolism of rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed low-calcium diets (0.15%) for 2 weeks after the adjustment period. Rats were divided into five groups and were fed experimental diet for four weeks. Experimental diets were low calcium (LC, 0.15% $CaCO_3$), 0.5% $CaCO_3$ (CC), seaweed calcium (SC), calcium lactate (LC), anchovy calcium (AC). The low-calcium diet group (LC) showed the lowest weight gain and had no differences among the groups with adequate calcium intake. Calcium retention was lowest in the LC group and higher in the CL, SC, AC groups than in SC groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was highest in LC group, and significantly low in the CC and AC groups (p<0.05). Parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin levels showed no differences among experimental groups. The urine deoxypyridinoline (DPD) level was lower in AC and CC groups compared to the LC group (p<0.05). The dry weight of the femur showed no significant differences among normal calcium groups. The bone mineral density of the femur in AC and CC group were significantly higher than the LC group (p<0.05). From these results, calcium extracted from salted anchovy can be useful as a calcium supplement comparable with calcium carbonate.

Residual characteristics of tolclofos-methyl treated by seed dressing in ginseng (인삼 중 종자분의 처리 tolclofos-methyl의 잔류 특성)

  • Noh, Hyun-Ho;Lee, Jae-Yun;Park, So-Hyun;Lee, Kwang-Hun;Park, Hyo-Kyoung;Oh, Jae-Ho;Im, Moo-Hyeog;Kwon, Chan-Hyeok;Lee, Joong-Keun;Woo, Hee-Dong;Kwon, Ki-Sung;Kyung, Kee-Sung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.217-221
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out to evaluate residual characteristics of tolclofos-methyl in ginseng and elucidate the reason for its high detection rate from fresh ginseng selling at markets. Seeds of ginseng were sowed after seed dressing with tolclofos-methyl and after a year of growth, the young seedlings were transplanted to field. They were then harvested annually until three-years of growth and the pesticide residue was analyzed in them. LOD and LOQ of the pesticide were 0.001 and 0.003 mg/kg, respectively. Recovery test was carried out to validate the analytical method for tolclofos-methyl in ginseng. The ginseng seedlings were fortified with the test pesticide at the level of LOQ, ten times of LOQ and maximum residue concentration of tolclofos-methyl. Its recovery ranged from 77.37 to 100.16%. Residual concentration of tolclofos-methyl in ginseng seedlings just before transplanting and two-year-old ginseng were from 7.58 to 8.05 and from 6.46 to 6.79 mg/kg, respectively. In case of three-year-old ginseng, it was found to be from 4.18 to 4.35 mg/kg. As a result of annual pesticide residue analysis, concentration of the pesticide was found to decrease time-coursely in ginseng. This may be due to decomposition and increasing of fresh weight of the ginseng during the cultivation periods of three years.

Antioxidant capacity and Raw 264.7 macrophage anti-inflammatory effect of the Tenebrio Molitor (갈색거저리(Tenebrio Molitor)의 항산화능과 Raw 264.7 대식세포의 항염증 효과)

  • Yu, Jae-Myo;Jang, Jae-Yoon;Kim, Hyeon-Jeong;Cho, Yong-Hun;Kim, Dong-in;Kwon, O-jun;Cho, Yeong-Je;An, Bong-Jeun
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.890-898
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of Tenebrio molitor. Macrophage cell response by outside stimulation leads expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), $interleukin-1{\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$), and trigger expression of genes which are affected by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), resulting in formation of inflammatory factors like nitric oxide (NO) and Prostaglandin $E_2$ (PGE2). Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. In order to investigate anti-inflammatory agents, the inhibitory effects on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO in RAW 264.7 cells were examined. T. Molitor significantly decreased the production of NO in a dose-dependent manner, and also reduced the expression of iNOS, a COX-2 protein. As a result, the levels of protein such as $PGE_2$, iNOS, COX-2 and MARKs were significantly reduced compared to non-treated group in T. Molitor water extract (TDW) treated group. Also, antioxidant effect of T. Molitor were investigated using DPPH, ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity tests in cell-free system. Antioxidant activity of T. molitor was found low in the DPPH radical scavenging test while high in the ABTS+ and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity tests. These results show that TDW could be an effective anti-pro-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Polygonum multiflorum extraction in activated RAW 264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide (Lipopolysaccharide로 활성화된 RAW 264.7 세포에서 적하수오(Polygonum multiflorum) 추출물의 항염증 효과 검증)

  • Lee, Eunsu;Kim, Hyeongjeong;Yu, Jae-Myo;Cho, Yong-Hun;Kim, Dong-In;Shin, Yuhyeon;Cho, Yeongje;Kwon, O-Jun;An, Bongjeon
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.740-746
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    • 2014
  • The anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonum multiflorum water extracts (PMWs) and Polygonum multiflorum 70 % ethanol extracts(PMEs) were investigated using lipopolysaccharide-induce by inflammatory response. The inhibitory effects of PMWs and PMEs on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and pro - inflammatory cytokines in LPS - activated Raw 264.7 cells were investigated. The effects were examined after reducing production of Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with LPS ($1{\mu}g/mL$) in the presence or absence of PMWs and PMEs for 24 h to determine their NO, iNOS, COX-2 levels. During the entire experimental period 10, 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ of PMWs and PMEs showed no cytotoxicity. At these concentrations, PMWs and PMEs concentration dependently reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$). PMWs and PMEs were inhibited the activittion of iNOS, COX-2 by 89%, 54%, 91% and 57% respectively, at $100{\mu}g/mL$. These results indicate that PMWs and PMEs significantly reduces the effect of oxidative and inflammatory cytokines.