• Spatial Information Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 1993

A geographical information systems(GIS) was a useful aid in the assessment of urban nonpoint source pollution and the development of a pollution control strategy. The GIS was used for data integration and display, and to provide data for a nonpoint source model. An empirical nonpoint source loading model driven by land use was used to estimate pollutant loadings of priority pollutant. Pollutant loadings were estimated at fine spatial resolution and aggregated to storm sewer drainage basins(sewershedsl. Eleven sewersheds were generated from digital versions of sewer maps. The pollutant loadings of individual land use polygons, derived as the unit of analysis from street blocks, were aggregated to get total pollutant loading within each sewershed. Based on the model output, a critical sewershed was located. Pollutant loadings at major sewer junctions within the critical sewershed were estimated to develop a mi t igat ion strategy. Two approaches based on the installat ion of wet ponds were investigated -- a regional approach using one large wet pond at the major sewer outfall and a multi-site approach using a number of smaller sites for each major sewer junction. Cost analysis showed that the regional approach would be more cost effective, though it would provide less pollution control.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2013

It is important for regional comparative analysis about employment-population rate of young man and total employment-population rate to a policy data of central and local government. Through the result of comparative analysis, Central and local government can use policies distinctively according to the region and keep the efficiency of detail policy application. This study shows that we classify Seoul Metropolitan region and Gangwon, Choongcheong, Honam, Youngnam region from 16 cities and provinces, and calculate total employment-population rate and employment-population rate of young man for these regions, and then compute the relative ratio between these employment-population rates, and finally compare the relative ratio by these regions. According to main results of this article, total employment-population rates in all the regions have not changed, whereas employment-population rates of young man have been decreased in all the regions but the rates in Seoul Metropolitan region and Choongcheong region have been increased for recent years. Moreover the changes by period of the relative ratio have been almost same as that of young man's employment-population rate.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-104
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• 1994

The migration of population into the city has been on the increase according as Korea has been industrialized repidly since the 1960's. And there is a steady decrease in rural population. Thus lack of the number of the students forced many elementary Schools to be abolished. The aim of this study is to grasp the abolition types and the regional characteristics with the subject region of Chungbuk province. From the viewpoint of the increasing abolition of the elementary schools, I think it is very important to understand how the elementary schools have been abolished so far and predict how the subject region will have been changed in geography. Data for this study are based on Annual Establishment-Abolition Situation of the Schools published by Chungbuk office of Education in 1992, and many Kinds of the statistical reports, and the interview with the related. The results are as follows: 1. By examining the change of the number of the elementary schools and students in Chnugbuk, the numder of the students had also decreased since 1969 and was less than the half in 1990. As the number of the schools began to decrease ten years later than the students began to, the abolition of the elementary schools has started in reality from 1980's. 2. The 72 elementary schools were aboilshed between 1980 and 1992: the principal school is 9.7%, the branch school is 90.3%. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county and Chechon-county, and the least one school is abolished in Chechon-city and Okchon-county, and there is no abolition in Chongju-city and Chungju-city: According to the type of the abolition process, the least seven principal schools are abolished, and the principal school is reorganized as a branch school and twenty eight branch schools are abolished, and the most thirty seven branch schools are abolished. 3. When special change of the abolition is classified into the first perio (1980-1986) and the second period (1987-1992), in the first period the principal and branch schools were abolished and they are 13.9% of total abolition. The abolition out of them by building a dam is 60%. The principal schools in the submerged area though they have many students, were abolished. In the second period sixty two branch schools are abolished and they are 86.1% of total abolition. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county, thirteen in Chechon-county, seven in Tanyang-county, six in Chongwon-county, five in Chungwon-county and Koesan-county. Unlike the first period, the schools were abolished in this period because the number of students was so small. In this period sixty branch schools were abolished. All the students in the abolished schools except six schools transfered to the principal schools. The 58 school authorities help the students attend school by bus or support the expenses for attending school after that. 4. The abolition types of city, county and myon are classified into five types by the number of the abolished schools. The most forty nine abolished schools in type II are 68.1 of the total abolition. The least three abolished ones in type I are 12.5%. Considering the relation between the abolition type ane the number of schools and students, the number of the schools, increased in type I, II, III, V except IV from 1980 and then have decreased by abolition since 1980, while the more students decreased than they did in 1970 and the more the abolished school increases, the less the students decreases. The average students per school decreased in every abolition type and the most students decreased in type IV. 5. Considering the relation between the abolition type and the regional characteristics, most abolished schools were located between 100m and 300m above the sea level and it is 71% of the total abolition. The region without the abolition is high in the ratio of the cultivate land, ratio of rice field, and the part-time farmer, but the region with many abolition is low in the ratio of cultivated land. As for the manufacturing there are the most city, county and myon in the abolition type in Youngdong-county and Chechon-county where the manufacturing ratio of employing is low but Chongju-city without the abolition is a region where the manufacturing ratio is high. Consequently the development of the manufacturing causes the population to emigation out and the decrease of the population leads the transport is difficult of access, the facilities sold after being abolished are not being used in many ways. 7. Take an example of Youndong-county where the most schools were abolished, I have examined the school district and the population characteristics of the abolition. Though there were more villages, households, populations in the region that is higher than low above the sea level, the schools were abolished. Therefore we know that above the sea level had a great effect on the abolition. As a result of the regional analysis of the abolition, many schools were abolished by the artificial buildings such as a dam in the early 1980's but the schools in the late 1980's were abolished ten years later after the students decreased. More schools were abolished in the region where the manufacturing industry didn't develop. And the higher the school position was above the sea level, the sooner the school was abolished. It is also proved that both the beautiful natural scenery and accessibility are the important factor in using the abolished facilities practically.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1158-1167
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• 2017

In this study, ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan, lactic acid bacteria, and ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan+lactic acid bacteria were tested for 10 weeks using an immunodeficient animal model infected with LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus On the immune activity. Cytokines production, plasma immunoglobulin concentration, T cell and B cell proliferation were measured. As a result, the T cell proliferative capacity which was weakened by immunization with LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus increased significantly T cell proliferative capacity compared with the red ginseng control group. B cell proliferative capacity was significantly higher than the infected control group. Increased B cell proliferation was reduced. In the cytokine production, IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 in the Th1-type cytokine increased the secretion of IL-2, IL-12 and IL-15 compared to the infected control. The proliferative capacity of the treated group was higher than that of the mixed treatment group. TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly decreased compared with the infected control group. The IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly inhibited in the infected control group and the Th1/Th2 type cytokine expression was regulated by immunohistochemistry. IgE, IgA, and IgG levels were significantly lower in the immunoglobulin secretion assay than in the control. As a result, the immunomodulatory effect of ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan+lactic acid bacteria was confirmed by mixing with LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus-infected immunodeficient animal model.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.477-486
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• 2012

High-resolution bathymetry and physico-chemical properties of manganese nodules were explored to identify the relationship between morphological features and nodule occurrences in the KR1, one of the Korean contract nodule fields located in the NE Pacific. The high-resolution seabed mapping showed that the southwestern sector of the KR1 (KR1-1) was relatively deeper than the northeastern sector (KR1-2) which is occupied by small-scale seamounts. In terms of nodule occurrence, manganese nodules in the KR1-1 were comparatively larger (2-4 cm) with rough surface (t-type) and discoidal shapes (D-type), while those in the KR1-2 were generally small (<2 cm) with smooth surface (s-type) and irregular shapes (I-type). In addition, the nodules in the KR1-1 had higher contents of Cu, Mn and Ni. Such connections of water depths to nodule appearances and metal contents are commonly observed in the Pacific nodule fields. On the other hand, the nodules in the KR1-2 tend to be controled by morphological features. The seamounts in the KR1-2 might continuously provide rock fragments as new nuclei of manganese nodules. As a result, the nodules could not grow over than 2 cm and showed the shapes of a newbie (i.e., smooth surface and irregular shapes). As a result, our observations indicate that occurrence features of manganese nodules could be subjected to water depths and seabed morphology simultaneously.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.739-743
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• 2014

This work characterizes 'Yeolha', a new strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch.) cultivar that was released by the Highland Agriculture Research Center, RDA, in 2013. This cultivar originated from a 2008 cross between 'Goha' and 'Elsinyo' and showed excellent ever-bearing characteristics including continuous a flowering habit under long-day and high temperature conditions. It was originally named 'Saebong No. 5' after examining its characteristics and productivity in summer culture from 2010 to 2013. After two regional adaptability tests in 2012, it was selected as an elite cultivar and renamed 'Yeolha'. The general characteristics of 'Yeolha' include a semi-spreading plant type, elliptic leaves, and strong vigor in growth. Its fruit is conical and red. T he s oluble s olids content of 'Yeolha' is 8 .6%, w hich is 0.6% h ig her than t hat of 'Flamenco', b ut f ruit hardness is lower than that of 'Flamenco'. The average fruit weight of 'Yeolha' is about 12.1 g and the marketable yield is $28,133kg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, which is 117% higher than that of 'Flamenco'. 'Yeolha' is resistant against Fusarium wilt. In addition, 'Yeolha' is suitable for four-season cultivation as a high harvesting cultivar because it shows continuous flowering under long-day and high temperature conditions.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2019

Pallancata Ag mine is located at the Ayacucho region 520 km southeast of Lima. The geology of mine area consists of mainly Cenozoic volcanic-intrusive rocks, which are composed of tuff, andesitic lava, andesitic tuff, pyroclastic flow, volcano clasts, rhyolite and quartz monzonite. This mine have about 100 quartz veins in tuff filling regional faults orienting NW, NE and EW directions. The Ag grades in quartz veins are from 40 to 1,000 g/t. Quartz veins vary from 0.1 m to 25 m in thickness and extend to about 3,000 m in strike length. Quartz veins show following textures including zonation, cavity, massive, breccia, crustiform, colloform and comb textures. Wallrock alteration features including silicification, sericitization, pyritization, chloritization and argillitization are obvious. The quartz veins contain calcite, chalcedony, adularia, fluorite, rutile, zircon, apatite, Fe oxide, REE mineral, Cr oxide, Al-Si-O mineral, pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, electrum, proustite-pyrargyrite, pearceite-polybasite and acanthite. The temperature and sulfur fugacity ($f_{s2}$) of the Ag mineralization estimated from the mineral assemblages and mineral compositions are ranging from 118 to $222^{\circ}C$ and from $10^{-20.8}$ to $10^{-13.2}atm$, respectively. The relatively low temperature and sulfur-oxygen fugacities in the hydrothermal fluids during the Ag mineralization in Pallancata might be due to cooling and/or boiling of Ag-bearing fluids by mixing of meteoric water in the relatively shallow hydrothermal environment. The hydrothermal condition may be corresponding to an intermediate sulfidation epithermal mineralization.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.221-228
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• 2012

Physicochemical properties of liquid fertilizer samples of resource organization, which are domestically produced and distributed, are analyzed. Major contents of the research results are as follows. 1. The ratio of complete decomposition for liquid fertilizer is 49% at Public Resource Center and 33% at Liquid Fertilizer Supply Center. The combined ratio of both half-decomposed and un-decomposed liquid fertilizers is over 50% at both centers. 2. The ratio of complete decomposed liquid fertilizer, 67%, is the highest in Gangwon and Gyeonggi-do area. The ratio of un-decomposed liquid fertilizer is high in Chungbuk and Chungnam area. The sum of ratios of the half- and un-decomposed is over 60% in the areas except Gyeonnggi-do and Gangwon-do. 3. As a result of regional comparison of the physicochemical properties of liquid fertilizers, concentration variation in most of the items are large, and the degree of uniformity is found to be considerably low. In particular, concentration variation in T-N and $NH_4$-N is the most noticeable. 4. The items that physicochemically correlated to the degree of decomposition of liquid fertilizer are appeared to be T-N, $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, EC, $SCOD_{Mn}$, and ORP. 5. The physicochemical average values of the liquid fertilizer estimated as "complete decomposed" are appeared to be T-N 829 mg/L,$NH_4$-N 517 mg/L, $NO_3$-N 151 mg/L, $SCOD_{Mn}$ 1,205 mg/L, EC 10.32 mS/cm, ORP -117.12 mV.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.133-150
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• 1996

This study is to clarify the market cycle of travelling merchants and the spatial behavior of consumer's commodity purchasing. its reasons and purchasing region of each commodity in Chongsan of Chongsan Myun(village) periodic markets, that is one of the lowest central places in Okchon county. The data used are the results of interviews with 58 travelling merchants on June 22 and July 17, 1994, and questionaire survey taken to parents of students of Chongsan middle school of Chongsan Myun in Okchon county. Study area is typical agricultural regions taking the role of central places to provide rural service and is comparatively important periodic markets. Some of findings are summarized as follows: (1) Until 1980's. appearance of closed periodic markets is caused by the population decrease in rural region, income increase, and rising of living level according to the Five Years Planning of Economic Development, appearance of chain stores of agricultural co-coperative and of supermarkets,. changes in distribution mechanisim by increasing consignment volume of agricultural products through agricultural co-coperative, and the development of transportation in Okchon county. These, too, became the reasons for the decline of the Chongsan periodic markets in Okchon county. (2) Most of the travelling merchants visiting the Chongsan periodic markets are in their 50's of age, and they sell the miscellaneous commodities and agricultural products. And about one-fourths of travelling merchants reside in regions with periodic markets and in Okchon of higher order central places. (3) Travelling routes visting periodic markets can be simplified to five types. Major types of travelling routes are Chongsan periodic market$\rightarrow$Wonnam$\rightarrow$Boun, and Chongsan periodic market$\rightarrow$Yungdong$\rightarrow$Yongsan. The patterns of travelling merchants visiting periodic markets are classified into the type of everyday visiting of periodic markets over three days of five days from merchant's residence to market, and the type of merchants or consumers visiting one day's of five days. On days that travelling merchants don't visit periodic markets they purchase the commodities in Seoul, Taejon and Chongju. (4) Consumers who use periodic markets are from thirties to fifties years of age and most of them are employed in agriculture. Consumers visit periodic markets on foot or by bus, and visit two or three times in a month, and mainly purchase the commodities for one or two hours from about ten o'clock in the morning. (5) Consumers purchase the necessaries of life in periodic markets, and other commodities are purchased in Taejon city, Youngdong, and Boun Eup(town). But consumers purchase the goods(convenience goods, shopping goods, and specialied goods) largerly in Chongsan, because additional expense and disadvantage after service with poor transportation service for purchased goods in others regions. Therefore, the hierarchies of central places by the consumer's purchasing behaviour can not be seem in dewellers in Chongsan and Chongseong Myun.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.202-210
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• 2014

This paper is to discover selection indicator for academia-industrial cooperation R&D project. Existing Project lacks careful consideration for participant enterprise. But, This project must be focused on enterprise for the goal of project is to improve business competition. Therefore, we analyze the survey result of enterprise satisfaction and deduct the factor of satisfaction by statistical analysis like One-way ANOVA and Regression. The study says that collaboration time, the time of planning of commercialization, technology transfer and the level of goal achievement improve enterprise satisfaction. And it implies needs for plan of manpower input and commercialization at the selecting phase. This paper is significant that it can improve project system by satisfaction. We expect that this result is utilized by planning and management.