• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.97-122
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to analyze production and innovation networks of services in the long-live area of Gangwon and Jeju Provinces and to suggest a policy direction for regional development of rural areas where have been neglected in the knowledge-based information society. Four counties in the Honam Region, the long-live belt of Korea and two cities (Jeonju, Gwangju) are surveyed for the purpose of comparison with the Gangwon and Jeju areas. Production and innovation networks of research and supporting activities and tourist services are analyzed based on intensive interview surveys of the regions. The result of the analysis suggests that the innovation networks among the economic actors have considerable impacts on the innovation processes of the service activities and the service functions in the rural area are somewhat developed with local industry after the practice of local autonomy. The processes of innovation networks are progressed differently by the hierarchy of the regions as well as by the function of services such as research and supporting activities and tourist services. The direction of the rural development in the knowledge-based information society seems to be intensifying the networks among the innovative actors and developing virtual innovation networks for the development of rural innovation systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.218-228
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the recognition and requirements of mountain eco-tourism by surveying mountain villages'visitors. As a feasibility study to introduce new eco-tourism policies, the individual interview survey was conducted from June 17, 2015 to September 17, 2015 targeting 439 visitors in 57 mountain villages, where the Korea Forest Service designated them as mountain eco-villages and the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs has been operating the rural experience and recreation village business. As a result of the major analysis, the respondents'intention to participate in mountain eco-tourism was 3.65 by Likert 5-point-scale and the respondent's most preferred the number of visits was once a year(44.6%) or twice a year(30.1%). Also, the most preferred region was Gangwon-do(44.8%) and the average amount of expense willing to pay was 153,320 won. Lastly, the respondents said they expect development of regional tourism product(M=3.99) and mountain eco-tourism program(M=3.96) by requirements for mountain eco-tourism. This result shows that it is necessary to inspire public awareness regarding the value of mountain eco-tourism and to develop new policies or programs making people more attracted to mountain villages. Thus, it means that mountain eco-tourism can be utilized as a way to steer sustainable mountain village.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2012

This paper study about how government start-up promotion policies have strongly impacts on business startup pattern and its performance. In Korea, the economic crisis of the late 1990s, the recession continues to stumble, and corporate restructuring occurs, let a small mass of unemployed, the Soho establishment 'Sojabon' started brewing two booms. Small business owners and their economic contribution to this portion of the axis with respect to support economic growth theory, on the basis that you need to install the Support Center for more small business owners and small business owners and social atmosphere, changing the term action to promote the establishment and growth of employment opportunities through by creating regional, has been promoting the balanced development of between business. This scheme focus on examining the types and characteristics of the government support schemes with respect to start-process business plan completion, financing capability, utilizing level of experts, location advantage, level of industry differentiation. Results of this study shows how significantly entrepreneurship influence on business startup pattern determining successful performance of business startup and let potential entrepreneur utilize it as to proceed business planning and establishing strategies.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2016

The effect of the rib angle-of-attack on heat transfer in the convergent channel with ${\vee}/{\wedge}$-shaped ribs was examined experimentally. Four differently angled ribs (a = $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$) were placed to only the one sided wall. The ribbed wall was manufactured with a fixed rib height (e) of 10 mm and rib spacing (p)-to-height (e) ratio of 10. The convergent channel had a length of 1,000 mm and a cross-sectional areas of $100mm{\times}100mm$ at inlet and $50mm{\times}100mm$ at exit. The measurement was conducted for the Reynolds numbers ranging from 22,000 to 75,000. The results show that the Nusselt number is generally higher at higher Reynolds number and that an angle-of-attack of $45^{\circ}$ at the ${\wedge}$-shaped rib produces the greatest Nusselt number.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.306-314
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• 2014

It has been known that cruise tourism adds value in the local industry and its impacts on regional economy are tremendous. From this point of view, identifying services provided by a cruise ship port, cruise tourists' satisfaction, and their behavioral intentions are significant issues at cruse destinations. The main purpose of this study was to identify significant service factors at the cruise ship port that have an influence on cruise tourists' satisfaction and loyalty in Jeju Island. To achieve the study purpose, a structured survey questionnaire was developed on the basis of reviewing related literatures. The survey was conducted through personal interviews at the Jeju Cruise Ship Port. In total, 386 useable samples were collected during the period from September 11 to October 29, 2012. According to the factor analysis using 15 attributes related to services at a cruise ship port, three service factors were extracted: (1) infra-services, (2) shore excursion services, and (3) attributes affecting the selection of shore excursions. Regression analyses indicated that two service factors(shore excursion services and attributes affecting the selection of shore excursions) significantly influence cruise tourists' satisfaction and loyalty. Findings in this study may be insightful and useful information to marketers or managers at cruise ship ports.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.37-55
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• 2008

This paper attempts to examine the effect of EXPO 2012 Yeosu on the economy of Gwangyang bay area. Based on previous successful EXPOs, We identified four major positive effects (direct economic impact, regional infrastructure developments, redevelopment of slum areas and industrial complex, and internationalization of Gwangyang bay area). Especially, EXPO 2012 Yeosu will contribute to make the job creation of 97,842 employees and promote tourism industry. To maximize the above positive effects of EXPO 2012 Yeosu, we suggest several strategic alternatives in this paper. First of all, we need to make several plans for realizing the specialized theme of EXPO 2012 Yeosu. Second, local governments should create a more favorable business environment for foreign investors. Third, we have to make the strategic tourism programs to attract foreign tourists. Finally, local governments need to make the several communication strategies of utilizing mass media and non-mass media.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2009

Confined spaces are inherently dangerous workplace and many fatal and nonfatal accidents have been reported. Even though these accidents occur in various kinds of confined spaces, there has rarely been reported on the health hazard agent, i.e., the types of gases and their concentration ranges. Therefore in this study, we evaluated several toxic and asphyxiating gas concentrations in various confined spaces. We surveyed 57 manholes, 3 sewage treatment plants, 2 yellow radish manufacturing companies and 7 barges to measure the concentrations of oxygen($O_2$), hydrogen sulfide($H_2S$), carbon monoxide(CO), ammonia($NH_3$). Lower Explosion Limits(LEL) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Those four types of confined spaces occupies 56% of accidents during last 9 years in Korea. In 57 manholes, the concentration varied according to the types of manholes; rainfall and sewage, and by location; residential and industrial areas. Sewage manhole in industrial area was evaluated as the most hazardous than other types of manhole like rainfall manholes, residential sewage manholes. The highest $H_2S$ concentration and the lowest $O_2$ concentration at sewage manhole in industrial area were 300 ppm, 8.7% respectively. In 3 sewage treatment plants, $H_2S$ and $NH_3$ concentrations were reached up to the 500 ppm and 200 ppm respectively. Two yellow radish manufacturing companies showed the concentrations of 316 ppm, 505.2 ppm, 90 ppm and 15.7% for $H_2S$, CO, VOCs and $O_2$, respectively. Seven barges showed 15.9%~20.9% oxygen concentration. Gas species and concentration ranges varied by the types and location of confined spaces; CO, $H_2S$, $O_2$ could be hazardous in manhole, especially manhole connected to sewage plants. CO, $H_2S$, LEL, $O_2$, $NH_3$ should be controlled in sludge silo and sluge pumping confined spaces in sewage treatment plant. The activity of lifting out radish from the storage tank was evaluated more hazardous rather than the other activities in yellow radish manufacturing industry. The employers must conduct the survey to identify all possible confined spaces in their local workplace prior to performing the tasks. At the national level to reduce the accidents in the confined spaces, we suggest that systemic approach and active education program including possible hazards, standard operation procedures, ventilation plan, and personal protective equipment in confined spaces should be implemented.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.183-194
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• 1999

This paper examines the relationship between the locational patterns of global and domestic stores. Objective corporation for this research is the Daiei Inc., which is multinational retail corporation of general merchandise store industry. Used data are For the Customers and 1997 Annual Report published by the Daiei Inc. in 1997, and Worldwide Branch Location of Multinational Companies published by the Gale Researchy Inc. As a result it is recognized that the headquarters of supermarket companies are not necessarily established in the largest city of the store networks. In addition, the chani o stores does not always correspond to the economic territory area of a city or a regional urban system. Usually, supermarkets are established first one after another around the headquarter, so that the store network becomes intensive. Moreover, supermarket companies exhibit a tendence of expanding after having increased density of their stores in their indigenous regions. It seems that supermarket companies try to lay the foundation of their operation firmly on their indigenous regions, while they expand the store network into neighboring regions in order to enlarge their profits. This phenomenon appears more and less partly in the location of oversea purchasing offices. First oversea office location appears in neighboring countries whose headquarter is located in Japan. Another oversea office location is established in higher order city of another continent. Usally after the number of oversea offices increases in their headquarter's neighboring region, the oversea office network exhibits a tendency of expanding in another continents. in addition, network of oversea offices does not always correspond with world urban system. The location of oversea offices is formed, after internalization of supermarket stores was established in Japan. And when increasing rates of supermarket stores was low in Japan, number of oversea offices increased.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.716-722
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• 2005

Carcass weight and backfat thickness are primary yield grading factors. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/-II, transforming growth factor $\beta$1 (TGF-$\beta$1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells including adipocytes. Also, interleukin (IL)-2/-6, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are known to be related to muscle growth and fat depth. However, the relationships between endocrine factors and carcass grade have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the concentrations of endocrine factors in serum and muscle, and to investigate the relationship of endocrine factors with carcass grade. A total of 60 crossbred gilts (Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace) were used. Blood from the jugular vein was collected at antemortem (7 days before slaughter) and postmortem periods, and M. Longissimus was collected at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter. The concentrations of IGF-I/-II, EGF, TGF-$\beta$1, IL-2/-6, cortisol and DHEA-S were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In general, IGF and EGF concentrations in serum and muscle of grade A carcasses were found to be higher than those of grade C carcasses at antemortem and postmortem periods, whereas the pattern of TGF-$\beta$1 concentration was reversed. In particular, the concentrations of muscle IGF-I (24 h postmortem) and serum TGF-$\beta$1 (antemortem) were significantly different between grades A and C (p<0.05). The present results indicate that serum and muscle growth factors affect carcass weight and backfat thickness, and indirectly suggest the possibility that carcass grade could be predicted by expression of serum and/or muscle growth factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 2007

The objectives of the present study were to initiate cloning of Korean native goat by somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) and to examine whether unovulated (follicular) oocytes can support the same developmental ability of NT embryos as ovulated (oviductal) oocytes after hCG injection in stimulated cycles of the goat. The in vivo-matured and immature oocytes were collected from the oviducts and follicles of superovulated does, respectively, and the immature oocytes were maturated in vitro. Ear skin fibroblasts derived from a 3-yr-old female Korean native goat were used as the donors of nuclei or karyoplasts. Following fusion, activation and in vitro culture to a 2- to 4-cell stage, 49 in vitro-derived and 105 in vivo-derived embryos were transferred to 6 and 17 recipient does, respectively. One doe and three does of the respective groups were identified as pregnant by ultrasonography on day 30 after embryo transfer. However, only one doe, which had received in vivo-derived embryos, delivered a normal female kid of 1.9 kg on d 149. The cloned kid gained more weight than her age-matched females as much as 87% during the first 4 mo after birth (17.7 vs. $9.4{\pm}0.8$ kg) and reached puberty at 6-mo age a few months earlier than normal female does. The telomere length of the kid, which was similar to that of the donor fibroblast at 2-mo age, decreased 8% between 2- and 7-mo ages. Moreover, at 7-mo age, she had 21% shorter telomere than her age-matched goats. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which a cloned animal born with a normal weight exhibited accelerated growth and development. The unusually rapid growth and development of the cloned goat may have resulted from SCNT-associated epigenetic reprogramming involving telomere shortening.