• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.1462-1470
• /
• 2015

The container BIC-code is a transport protocol for convenience in international shipping and combined transport environment. It is an identification code of a marine transport container which displays a wide variety of information including country's code. Recently, transportation through aircrafts and ships continues to rise. Thus fast and accurate processes are required in the ports to manage transportation. Accordingly, in this paper, we propose a BIC-code region extraction and recognition method using multiple thresholds. In the code recognition, applying a fixed threshold is not reasonable due to a variety of illumination conditions caused by change of weather, lightening, camera position, color of the container and so on. Thus, the proposed method selects the best recognition result at the final stage after applying multiple thresholds to recognition. For each threshold, we performs binarization, labeling, BIC-code pattern decision (horizontal or vertical pattern) by morphological close operation, and character separation from the BIC-code. Then, each characters is recognized by template matching. Finally we measure recognition confidence scores for all the thresholds and choose the best one. Experimental results show that the proposed method yields accurate recognition for the container BIC-code with robustness to illumination change.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2001

The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is between $1{\sim}3%$. Of these, $90{\sim}98%$ occur in the maxilla with particular predilection for the premaxilla, preceded by mandibular third premolars, mandibular forth molars and maxillary paramolars. The most common ones occur in the maxillary anterior region, they may occur singly between the central incisors(mesiodens), or they may be double(mesiodentes). Maxillary anterior supernumeraries may erupt into the oral cavity or remain unerupted. It is found that approximately 25% are erupted, while the rest are unerupted. They are usually a small tooth with a cone-shaped crown and a short root. They may cause delayed eruption, median diastema, bodily displacement or rotation of the adjacent permanent teeth. Occasionally they may lead to the developement of dentigerous cyst or primordial cyst, or eruption into nasal cavity. In this study, 109 supernumeraries surgically extracted from premaxilla in 84 patients are analysed. The results are as follows : 1. Sex distribution of male and female is 2.2 : 1. 2. Almost cases are in pediatric age from 5 to 12 years old (87%). 3. Problems with supernumeraries are tooth malpositon, diastema, delayed eruption, eruption to nasal cavity and cyst formation. 4. Of 109 supernumeraries, 16(15%) are erupted into oral cavity, 92(84%) are impacted, and 1(1%) is erupted into nasal cavity. 5. Of 84 patients, 59(70%) have one supernumeray while 25(30%) have two supernumeraries. 6. Of 109 supernumeraries, 96(88%) are found within the region of the central incisors. 7. Of 109 supernumeraries, 94(86%) are vertically impacted, 11(10%) are horizontally impacted, 3(3%) are labiopalatally impacted and 1(1%) is impacted in nasal cavity. 8. Of 84 patients, we used palatal flap in 67(80%), labial flap in 6(7%), both flaps in 4(5%) and no flap in 7(8%). And incisive nerve was cut in 33(49%) of 67 palatal flaps. 9. Extration with ostectomy was done in 72 supernumeraries(66%), without ostectomy in 37 teeth(34%). 10. Extraction with tooth sectioning was done in 21 supernumeraries(19%), without tooth sectioning was done in 88 teeth(81%). 11. We used local anesthesia in 70 patients(83%) and general anesthesia in 14 ones(17%).

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.838-850
• /
• 2012

In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that generates multi-view images by using various image features obtained from the given stereoscopic images. In the proposed algorithm, we first create an intensity gradient saliency map from the given stereo images. And then we calculate a block-based optical flow that represents the relative movement(disparity) of each block with certain size between left and right images. And we also obtain the disparities of feature points that are extracted by SIFT(scale-invariant We then create a disparity saliency map by combining these extracted disparity features. Disparity saliency map is refined through the occlusion detection and removal of false disparities. Thirdly, we extract straight line segments in order to minimize the distortion of straight lines during the image warping. Finally, we generate multi-view images by grid mesh-based image warping algorithm. Extracted image features are used as constraints during grid mesh-based image warping. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the conventional DIBR algorithm in terms of visual quality.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 1995

PERALS(Photon Electron Rejecting Alpha Liquid Scintillation) spectrometry coupled with solvent extraction method has been set up for the analysis of $^{222}Rn\;and\;^{226}Ra$ in the groundwater. This analytical method offers low background, better energy resolution and lower quenching problem than the other techniques. By the analysis of NIST SRM 4966 $^{226}Ra$ standard, the analytical accuracy and precision were found to be 3% and 1%, respectively, and the relative standard deviation of the recovery of Rn extraction between pH2 and pH10 was 7%. Detection limits of $^{222}Rn$ and $^{226}Ra$ for 10 hours counting were counted to be $0.42 pCi/{\iota}\;and\;0.016 pCi/{\iota}$, respectively. For the test analysis of $^{222}Rn\;and\;^{226}Ra$ in the graundwater, hot spring water samples of 17 regions were analyzed. The concentration of $^{222}Rn$ were in the range of $90{\sim}5200pCi/{\iota}$ and average value was $1470pCi/{\iota}\;^{226}Ra$ concentration showed a peak value of $97.9pCi/{\iota}$ in a Kangwon region, but the average value was $1.14pCi/{\iota}$ except that region.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2006

Supernumerary teeth are teeth which result from the continued budding of the enamel organ of the preceding tooth or from excessive proliferation of cells. They are most often found in the maxillary anterior region. And they can be responsible for a variey of irregularities in the primary and transitional dentition. There are two morphological types of supernumerary teeth, supplemental and rudimentary. Supplemental teeth have normal shape and size. In contrast, rudimental teeth have abnormal shape and smaller size. Supplemental supernumerary teeth are most common in permanent lateral incisor area. Its extraction must be decided more carefully with differential diagnosis between normal teeth, because it has normal shape and size. We reports 3 cases of the normal incisor shaped teeth in the maxillary anterior region. In all cases, we used the 3D Dental-CT as well as the conventional plain film such as periapical, occlusal, and panoramic radiograph. Consequently, 3B Dental-CT was valualble to figure out the exact position and morphology of supernumerary teeth, to do more conservative surgery and to reduce surgery stress and time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.42 no.4 s.304
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we propose a user friendly object-based image retrieval system using the interaction between cortex and hippocampus. Most existing ways of queries in content-based image retrieval rely on query by example or query by sketch. But these methods of queries are not adequate to needs of people's various queries because they are not easy for people to use and restrict. We propose a method of automatic color object extraction using CSB tree map(Color and Spatial based Binary をn map). Extracted objects were transformed to bit stream representing information such as color, size and location by region labelling algorithm and they are learned by the hippocampal neural network using the interplay between cortex and hippocampus. The cells of exciting at peculiar features in brain generate the special sign when people recognize some patterns. The existing neural networks treat each attribute of features evenly. Proposed hippocampal neural network makes an adaptive fast content-based image retrieval system using excitatory learning method that forwards important features to long-term memories and inhibitory teaming method that forwards unimportant features to short-term memories controlled by impression.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.42 no.4 s.304
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new LINF(Linear Independent Non-negative Factorization) algorithm for real-time face recognition systea This system greatly consists of the two parts: 1) face extraction part; 2) face recognition part. In the face extraction Part we applied subtraction image, the detection of eye and mouth region , and normalization method, and then in the face recognition Part we used LINF in extracted face candidate region images. The existing recognition system using only PCA(Principal Component Analysis) showed low recognition rates, and it was hard in the recognition system using only LDA(Linear Discriminants Analysis) to apply LDA directly when the training set is small. To overcome these shortcomings, we reduced dimension as the matrix that had non-negative value to be different from former eigenfaces and then applied LDA to the matrix in the proposed system We have experimented using self-organized DAIJFace database and ORL database offered by AT(')T laboratory in Cambridge, U.K. to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed PCA, LDA, ICA(Independent Component Analysis) and PLMA(PCA-based LDA mixture algorithm) method within the framework of recognition accuracy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.1039-1044
• /
• 2007

We investigated the residual contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) on the 280 kinds of herbal medicines distributed at 8 cities including in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Jecheon, Yeongju, Geumsan and Jeonju in Korea. The residual contents of $SO_2$ were determinated by modified Monier-Williams method. The residual contents of $SO_2$ were not detected at 206 products in total 280 products. However, it was detected below 100 ppm in 39 products, between 101 and 1000 ppm in 30 products and exceeded 1000 ppm in 5 products. $SO_2$ contents ranged 11 ${\sim}$ 2339 mg/kg (mean 293 mg/kg) at domestic samples distributed. Regardless of region, $SO_2$ contents were not found at Notopterygii Rhizoma, Ligustici Scinensis Rhizoma et Radix, Bombyx Batryticatus, Coicis Semen, Cnidii Rhizoma, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Alismatis Rhizoma. But it's found at Batatatis Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix and Codonopsitis Radix of every region collected the samples. $SO_2$ contents were not detected at 58 products which collected cultural fields of dometic. After treated with water wash and hot water extraction, the reduction rates of sulfur dioxide were appeared with 14.3% ${\sim}$ 40.4% and 55.2% ${\sim}$ 100.0%, respectively. These data will be used to establish a criteron of residual sulfur dioxide in herbal medicines.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.39 no.10
• /
• pp.25-34
• /
• 2002

In this paper, silicidation induced Schottky contact area was obtained using the current voltage(I-V) characteristics of shallow cobalt silicided p+-n and n+-p junctions. In reverse bias region, Poole-Frenkel barrier lowering influenced predominantly the reverse leakage current, masking thereby the effect of Schottky contact formation. However, Schottky contact was conclusively shown to be the root cause of the modified I-V behavior of n+-p junction in the forward bias region. The increase of leakage current in silicided n+-p diodes is consistent with the formation of Schottky contact via cobalt slicide penetrating into the p-substrate or near to the junction area and generating trap sites. The increase of reverse leakage current is proven to be attributed to the penetration of silicide into depletion region in case of the perimeter intensive n+-p junction. In case of the area intensive n+-p junction, the silicide penetrated near to the depletion region. There is no formation of Schottky contact in case of the p+-n junction where no increase in the leakage current is monitored. The Schottky contact amounting to less than 0.01% of the total junction was extracted by simultaneous characterization of forward and reverse characteristics of silicided n+-p diode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2012

Street trees are one of useful urban facilities that reduce carbon dioxide and provide green space in urban areas. They are usually managed by local government, and it is effective to use aerial LIDAR data in order to acquire information such as the location, height and crown width of street tree systematically. In this research, algorithm was proposed that improves the accuracy of extracting top points of street trees and separates the region of individual street trees from aerial LIDAR data. In order to verify the proposed algorithm, a simulated aerial LIDAR data that exactly knows the number, height and crown width of street trees was created. As for the procedure of data processing, filtering that separates ground and non-ground points from LIDAR data was first conducted in order to separate the region of individual street trees. An estimated non-street tree points were then removed from non-ground points, and the top points of street trees were estimated. Region of individual street trees was determined by using the intersecting point of straight line that connects top point and ground point of street tree. Through the experiment by using simulated data, it was possible to refine wrongly estimated points occurred by determining tree tops and to determine the positional information, height, crown width of street trees through the determination of region of street trees.