• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2013

This study demonstrates the utilization of light microscopy and Fast Fourier Transform-Peak Finding (FPF) method for microfibril angle (MFA) measurement from unstained sections of red pine (Pinus densiflora). To obtain an image with optimal contrast and resolution for MFA measurement, effects of numerical aperture (NA) of condenser lens and color filters were investigated. About 60% of NA of the maximum condenser NA produced an image with optimal contrast, but a color filter with short wavelength range (DAPI) created images with improved resolution. Manual angle measurement and the FPF method were applied to the image with optimal contrast for MFA measurement. The experimental results from the FPF method were considered to be more repeatable and less subjective than those from the manual angle measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2004

경복궁의 정전 건물인 근정전에 쓰인 목재의 수종을 식별하기 위하여 기둥, 보, 도리, 창방, 박공 등 총 144점에 대하여 조사한 결과, 소나무와 전나무 두 수종이 식별되었다. 기둥은 1층의 경우 평주 20개 중 11개가 전나무, 9개가 소나무, 내진고주는 12개 중 7개가 전나무, 5개가 소나무, 그리고 귀고주는 3개가 전나무, 1개가 소나무로 식별되어 소나무보다 전나무가 차지하는 비율이 더 높았다. 2층 기둥 16개는 모두 소나무로 구성되어 있었다. 기둥 이외의 다른 부재는 총 92개 중 도리 2개만이 전나무였고, 나머지는 모두 소나무였다. 우리나라 궁궐의 목재가 소나무로 만들어졌다는 통설은 사실과 다르며 재료 수급에 따라 다른 수종도 사용되었음이 밝혀졌다. 조선말 소나무 장대재(長大材)가 고갈되어 강도가 떨어지는 전나무로 기둥을 많이 쓸 수밖에 없었던 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1967

We studied on the bark Percentage of red pine (Pinus denssiflora S & Z) and tarch (Larix Kaemdferi sargent) and obtained the results as follows: (1) For diameter classes from 8 to 38 cm in red pine. the linear equation adopts the relation of the bark percentage to the diameter more accurately than the logarithmic equation. (2) The difference between the regression equation of the bark percentage between red pine and Larch is significant and the correlation cofficient in red Pine is high so that standard error of red Pine is lower than its value of Larch. We established, therefore the tables of bark percentage for each species by applying the following regression equations. red Pine Y=10.08205-0.08794x Larch Y=10.3527-0.17071x.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1990

Floristic composition and soil properties were analyzed in red pine($Pinus densiflora$) communities in the limestone areas. Tanyang, Ch ungbuk Province in Korea. The tree layer was composed of $Juniperus rigida, Quercus dentata, Q. mongolica$ and others as well as $P. densiflora$, all of which also appeared in soils of grinite origin The shrub layer was dominated by $Q. dentata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Securinega suffruticosa, Abelia coreana$ and $Uimus davidiana$ for $suberosa$. Among these $A. coreana$ and $U. davidiana$ for $suberosa$ belonged to calcicole plant. The herb layer dominated by $Carex lanceolata$. Soil pH ranged 7.9-8.3. Total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the soil were lower than those of noncalcareous soils. However, exchangeable calcium and magnesium content were 10 times and 2~3 times greater than those of noncalcreous soils, respectively. The difference of soil texture between top soil(loam soil) and subsoil(sand soil), and higher soil organic matter content than noncalcareous red pine forest soils seemed related to the casts forming activities of earthworms.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.106-106
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• 2022

The cone of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), which has been used as a drug in traditional medicine. Its ethyl acetate fraction was reported to exert antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis, and anti-inflammation activites. Apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (LX-2) is regarding as a potential strategy for alleviation of hepatic fibrosis. We conducted to investigated whether the treatment of cone has a potential to control of some factors related in apoptosis and autophagy in cell signaling pathways. We suggest that the cone induced apoptosis through confirming the expression levels of genes (cPARP, Bcl-XL, Bax, p53, and caspase-3) in LX-2 cells. Also, the cone may regulate autophagy (LC3, p62, Beclin-1, and ATG12). Remarkably, the treatment of cone may affect to formation of autophagosomes in the immunofluorescence image in live cells. These findings suggest that the ethyl acetate fraction from the cone of Red Pine (P. densiflora) may have potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for the alleviation and prevention of liver fibrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.15-19
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• 1999

Three wood coffins of Chosun Dynasty period buried about 450 years ago were excavated in the sound condition in Andong area in the early 1998. The proprietors of wood coffins were grandparents, Mr. Myoung Jong Lee and Mrs. Mun, and their grandson, Mr. Eung Tae Lee, and the social standing of their family was known to belong to the nobility in those days by the clan genealogy. All the wood coffins investigated through light microscopy had same anatomical characteristics as follows: abrupt to somewhat abrupt tracheid transition from earlywood to latewood; normal longitudinal and horizontal resin canals with thin-walled epithelium; tylosoids in resin canals; bordered pits frequently in 1 row on radial walls of tracheids; 1 or 2 window-like pits per cross-field; uniseriate and fusiform rays; heterogeneous rays composed of body ray parenchyma cells and marginal ray tracheids or homgeneous rays composed of only ray tracheids; dentate ray tracheids; occasional trabeculae traversing tracheids in radial direction. Based on theses microscopic characteristics, all the wood coffins were identified to be Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) or Korean black pine (Pinus thunbergii). Korean black pine growing naturally in coastal area might not be probable because the site of excavation, Andong area, was mountainous and inland area of Korea Thus, Korean red pine was thought to be the possible species for the wood coffins because of its natural distribution through the Korean Peninsula and the easy availability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2018

Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) is one of the major Pinus species in Korea. Red pine bark is removed prior to the chipping process in the wood industry and discarded as waste. However, red pine bark contains a considerable amount of naturally occurring phenolics, including flavonoids, and therefore may have a variety of biological effects. In this study, we investigated if Korean red pine bark extract (KRPBE) could protect neuronal PC-12 cells from oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity. Analysis of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography results revealed four phenolics in KRPBE: vanillin, protocatechuic acid, catechin, and taxifolin. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of KRPBE were 397.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight (DW) and 248.7 mg catechin equivalents/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant capacities of KRPBE measured using ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays were 697.3, 521.8, and 2,627.7 mg vitamin C equivalents/g DW, respectively. KRPBE and its identified phenolics protected against $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, which degrade the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to terminate neurotransmission in synaptic clefts, were inhibited by treatment with KRPBE and its identified phenolics. Taken together, these results suggest that KRPBE and its constituent antioxidative phenolics are potent neuroprotective agents that can maintain cell viability under oxidative stress and inhibit cholinesterase activity.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.511-519
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• 2023

우리나라 산림에 가장 많이 서식하고 있는 수종인 소나무(Pinus densiflora)의 내생균 다양성을 분석할 목적으로 강원도 춘천에 서식하고 있는 소나무 시료를 봄철과 가을철에 침엽, 가지, 줄기 등 부위별로 구분하여 채집하였다. 채집 시료에서 내생균 152 균주를 분리하여 29속 42종으로 동정하였다. Daldinia childiae가 44균주(28.9%)로 가장 많이 분리된 우점종이었고, Biscogniauxia maritima가 15균주(9.8%)로 분리빈도가 높았다. 부위별로는 가지에서 74균주(49%), 잎에서 47균주(31%), 줄기에서 31균주(20%)로 가지에서 가장 많은 내생균이 분리되었다. 부위별 우점종은 가지와 잎에서는 D. childiae (각각 20균주, 19균주)이었고 가지에서는 B. maritima (7균주)도 자주 분리가 되었다. 잎에서는 B. maritima가 6균주, D. childiae가 5균주로 자주 분리되었다. 채집시기에 따른 소나무 내생균의 다양성은 봄철에는 57균주가 분리되어 17속 19종으로 동정되었고 가을철에는 95균주가 분리되어 24속 35종으로 동정되었다. 자주 분리된 종으로는 봄철과 가을철 모두 공통적으로D. childiae (각각 21균주, 23균주)의 분리빈도가 가장 높았고 Biscogniauxia maritima (7균주, 8균주)도 자주 분리되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1996

This study was conducted for the assessment of the effects of acid rain and soil fertilizers on photosynthetic rate, was content, and contact angle on 5-year seedlings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves. The seedlings were exposed to pH 3.0 (simulated acid rain), pH 6.5 (groung water) and rain (pH around 4.6). The seedlings were also treated with $Ca(OH)_2, Mg(OH)_2, and Ca(OH)_2 + Mg(OH)_2 + C.F.(compound fertilizer)$. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, was content, contact angle value, and mineral nutrient content of the leaves were measured and the results were as follows: 1. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves increased with the increase of pH. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with application of soil fertilizer in the pH 3.0 treatment, but showed no changes in the rain and the pH 6.5. 2. Contact angle value and was content of the leaves did not change with the pH treatment, but increased with the fertilizer treatments. 3. Mineral nutrient contents of the leaves were lowest in the rain treatment and highest in the pH 6.5 treatment. The increase of mineral nutrient contents was observed with the soil fertilizer treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.87-89
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• 2003

Although a forest damage of large area due to air pollution has not yet been found in Korea, declines of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), the most common coniferous species, have been locally reported. To evaluate the effect of air pollution and acid deposition on the forests, SO$_2$ concentration, acid load, soil pH and tree decline were monitored for 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in Namsan, Doowang and Gyebangsan with the gradient of air pollution. During the study period, annual mean SO$_2$ concentration in Namsan, Doowang and Gyebangsan were 14 ppb, 13 ppb and 6 ppb, respectively. Annual mean acid loads in Namsan and Doowang were three to four times more than that in Gyebangsan. As respected, forest surface soils in Namsan and Doowang were acidified to pH 4.1 and 4.3, whereas that in Gyebangsan showed normal value as pH 5.4. On the other hand, decline degrees of Korean red pines in Namsan and Doowang in both 1996 and 2001 were higher than those in Gyebangsan. It is reasonable that the severer tree declines in Namsan and Doowang could be closely related with the higher air pollution, acid load, and the effects (possibly Ca deficit and Al toxicity) of soil acidification.