• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.115-123
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a vibration notification system that combines navigation information and wearable bands to ensure safe driving for the transportation vulnerable. This system transmits navigation driving information to a linked application, converts it into a vibration signal, and provides notifications through a wearable band. Existing navigation systems focus on providing route guidance and location information, so the driver's concentration is dispersed, and safety and convenience are deteriorated, especially for those with mobility impairments, due to standard vision and delayed recognition of stimuli, resulting in an increasingly high traffic accident rate. To solve this problem, navigation driving information is converted into vibration signals through a linked application, and vibration notifications for events, left turns, right turns, and speeding are provided through a wearable band to ensure driver safety and convenience. In the future, we will use cameras and vehicle sensors to increase awareness of safety inside and outside the vehicle by adding a function that provides notifications with vibration and LED when the vehicle approaches or recognizes an object, and we will continue to conduct research to build a safer driving environment. plan.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

In this paper, we proposes a Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN) equipped with Batch Normalization(BN) for handwritten digit recognition training the MNIST dataset. Aiming to surpass the performance of LeNet-5 by LeCun et al., a 6-layer neural network was designed. The proposed model processes 28×28 pixel images through convolution, Max Pooling, and Fully connected layers, with the batch normalization to improve learning stability and performance. The experiment utilized 60,000 training images and 10,000 test images, applying the Momentum optimization algorithm. The model configuration used 30 filters with a 5×5 filter size, padding 0, stride 1, and ReLU as activation function. The training process was set with a mini-batch size of 100, 20 epochs in total, and a learning rate of 0.1. As a result, the proposed model achieved a test accuracy of 99.22%, surpassing LeNet-5's 99.05%, and recorded an F1-score of 0.9919, demonstrating the model's performance. Moreover, the 6-layer model proposed in this paper emphasizes model efficiency with a simpler structure compared to LeCun et al.'s LeNet-5 (7-layer model) and the model proposed by Ji, Chun and Kim (10-layer model). The results of this study show potential for application in real industrial applications such as AI vision inspection systems. It is expected to be effectively applied in smart factories, particularly in determining the defective status of parts.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.1 s.70
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• pp.25-44
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• 2006

Under the provision of Article 63 of the Enforcement Regulation of the Act on Acquisition and Compensation of Land and Others for Public Project that is recently enacted and implemented (hereinafter referred to as the 'Lend Compensation Act') the compensation is required to make 'When the Actual Damage Amount' is confirmed for the damage in fishery affairs that is outside of the public project area. The compensation for fishery business on the indirect damage area has been excluded from the advance compensation subject to conflict with the existing laws on fishery business compensation with the controversy in method, procedure, time and others to confirm the actual damage amount, and it lacks the standard of calculation for detailed compensation on partial damages outside of business implementation area, which caused the ceaseless conflicts and straggles between the project implementation party and the victimized fishermen regarding the calculation method of damages, standard, compensation period and others. In particular, from the numerous problems in damage compensation in fishery on the indirect damage area, the most recent problem emerged is the issue on application method of damage period in calculating the damage compensation amount that the struggle has been deepened with the differences between the project implementation party and the victimized fishermen without the stipulation on the compensation, that caused the difficulties in carrying out the public project and other serious social problems. In this study, the reasonable application method for the damage period and the calculation plan of the damage amount for calculating the damages on fishery industry outside of the public project implementation zone that is not fully specified under the Land Compensation Act, and the indirect damage area is not influenced for the notification of project recognition, and the compensation to undertake with the damage in the fishery industry in project implementation area to have the nature of damage compensation, the right to engage in fishery industry has the perpetual nature of rights, the fishery damage compensation system of Japan also recognizes the perpetual right on fishery industry to calculate the compensation amount, and the compensation for damage amount has been exercised for the period of actual damage occurrence period regardless of remaining effective period for most of fishery permit and license for fishery compensation outside of the project implementation area following the recent various public projects as well as the development process of theory on fishery loss compensation that the calculation of damage amount on the fishery industry outside of the project implementation zone would be prudent to compensate by calculating the applicable damages during the period of actual damages, and by doing so, the 'just compensation' guaranteed under the Constitution may be materialized. Therefore, the calculation of the damages from the implementation of the public project shall consider the actual period of damages and the degree of damage from the public project to calculate by the income capitalization method, however, considering the equitable consideration with the compensation following the cancellation, it shall not exceed the compensation following the termination of the applicable fishery businesses. Furthermore, the calculation method of partial damage amount on the fishery business following the project implementation shall apply, depending on the period of damage occurrence, by (1) the case of calculating the future damage amount at the present time, and (2) calculating the damage from the past to the present time as well as the damage to be incurred later, by selecting the calculation method for damages following the damage occurrence type.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2012

Purpose: Glomerular filtration rate is an important index for assessment of renal function, early discovery of renal disease, and progress observation of chronic renal disease patients. In the present study, the objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of differences between Gates and Modified Gates method in dynamic renal scintigraphy based on MDRD (Modification of Diet Renal Disease) formula using blood collection. Materials and Methods: Renal scintigraphy was performed for 45 patients who visited our hospital between November 2010 and August 2011. For 20 patients of those tested, glomerular filtration rates from Gates method and MDRD formula using AGUS equipment, were compared. For the other 20 patients, glomerular filtration rates from Modified Gates method and MDRD formula using INFINIA equipment. Finally, Gates and Modified Gates method were compared for 5 patients who indicated no change in glomerular filtration rates from MDRD formula during progress observation. Results: Glomerular filtration rates from both Gates and Modified Gates method showed a high correlation with those from MDRD formula ($p$<0.01, r=0.903, r=0.867), with a paired difference mean for Gates method of $2.05{\pm}2.54mL/min/1.73m$, and that for Modified Gates method of $25.2{\pm}3.71mL/min/1.73m$. Finally, the values for Gates method and those for Modified Gates method showed a high correlation for the five patients ($p$<0.05, r=0.949), with a paired difference mean of $20.4{\pm}8.84mL/min/1.73m$. Conclusion: Glomerular filtration rates from Gates method, Modified Gates method and MDRD formula showed mutually high correlations. If the tests are performed with recognition for the correlations between Gates and Modified Gates method used in a dynamic renal scintigraphy, then an accurate assessment of renal function is considered possible with an improved diagnostic ability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.451-469
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• 1996

To identify the drug abuse status and its determinant factors in high school boys in Taegu, the study was performed from April to May, 1995. Study population were selected by cluster sampling method and total 5,665 students replied to the self-administered questionnaire survey (2,207 in academic high school, 3,458 in business high school). The major findings were as follows; The proportion of drinking, smoking experience was 55.0%, 45.8%, respectively, and the proportion of current drinker, current smoker was 27.2%, 27.5%. The drinking, smoking experience rate of second grade students was higher than first grade and it was higher in business high school boys. The proportion of a stimulant, a hallucinogen, hemp leaf cigarets experience was 3.2%, 1.6%, 0.1%, respectively. Drug abuse had significant association with home environment(lower economic status, frequent move, death of father or mother, apart from family), parents environment(parents' indifference, parents' drinking and smoking, etc.), school life(lower school grades, intimate friend's drug abuse, etc.), generous attitude to drug abuse, higher level of stress. Students who replied that the law prohibited immature person(students) from drinking and smoking showed lower drug abuse rate. In multiple logistic regression analysis, second grade students, business high school students, parents' indifference, lower school grades, intimate friend's drug abuse, no recognition of the fact that the law prohibits high school students from drinking and smoking, generous attitude to drug abuse, higher level of stress were significantly related with alcohol abuse and smoking. Other drugs abuse were related with above factors. On consideration of above findings, to prevent students from drug abuse, we have to try together in house, school, and society.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.416-424
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the awareness of workers in public institutions of automated external defibrillators, their usage intention and related educational experience in an effort to increase the efficiency of education and the rate of automated external defibrillator usage in emergency situations. The subjects in this study were 243 selected. male and female adults who worked in public institutions in Gangwon Province. A survey was conducted from June 13 to August 21, 2016. The statistical analysis was based on the frequency analysis and the $X^2$-test. There were significant differences among the public institution workers awareness of how to use an automated external defibrillator according to gender (${\chi}^2=6.32$, p<0.05) and academic credentials (${\chi}^2=5.91$, p<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in usage intention according to academic background (${\chi}^2=5.70$, p<0.05). The most common reason for having no intention to use an automated external defibrillator for patients with cardiac arrest was that the respondents did not know how to use it (31.5%). There were also significant differences in educational experience with automated external defibrillators according to age (${\chi}^2=6.15$, p<0.05), academic credentials (${\chi}^2=11.56$, p<0.01) and career (${\chi}^2=11.92$, p<0.01). The most common form of education that the workers received pertaining to automated external defibrillators was a combination of theoretical and practical education, which represented 55.9%. The findings of the study seem to suggest that workers in public institutions used by many people must receive compulsory standard education regarding automated external defibrillators and try to boost the revival rate of patients with cardiac arrest in real emergency situations.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-77
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• 1999

In order to estimate the utilization pattern of a rural health subcenter, and to identify the recognition for it among the farmhouse members in a suburban area, a questionnaire survey was carried out for objects of 696 population. The results observed were as follows: The annual utilization rate of rural health subcenter for a basic health service unit was 25.0 per 100 persons, and annual mean visiting times was 0.22 times. And the most frequent disease by annual health subcenter utilization illness was musculoskeletal disease(30.6%), and the next was respiratory disease(14.1%), gastrointestinal disease(13.9%) by order. Favorite reason for community health subcenter utilization were near distance from living place(49.6%), lower disease severity(18.9%) and lower medical cost(18.1%) by order. But disfavoring reasons for it were absence of specialist(20.2%), non effective treatment(19.2%) and insufficient equipment(14.7%) by order. And insufficient items about community health subcenter utilization were restriction of treatment limit(40.7%), lower reliance(22.5%) and difficulty in traffic(13.4%) by order. The results of logistic regression analysis suggested that statistically significant factors in health subcenter utilization was educational level. The desirable works for the health subcenter in a suburban area were disease control of elderly and disease preventing service. These results suggested that to increase the utilization of rural health subcenter in a suburban area and to promote the accessibility of rural residents to primary health care, there must be considered public relation about health subcenter, improvement of medical quality and change of priority about health subcenter's works.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.513-527
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• 2011

There have been studies about conceptual ecology making a profound study of conceptual changes in learners' cognitive structure. Because learners' cognitive structure have been compared to ecology, it is natural to think that conception in learner's cognitive structure have a niche as species in ecology have niches. Therefore, it is necessary to study niche approach about conception that learners recognize in their cognitive structure. The purposes of this study were to identify relationships among conceptions that 5th grade elementary school students recognize about photosynthesis and to identify how these relationships among conceptions about photosynthesis change before and after a class of photosynthesis in curriculum in terms of an approach of ecological niche which are composed of 3 domains - diversity of conceptions, relevance and frequency rate of conceptions, and competition among conceptions. Open ended questionnaire was developed by 4 fields: photosynthetic place, photosynthetic products, photosynthetic materials needed and environment factors of photosynthesis. The subjects sampled in this study were 310 5th grade elementary students in 5 cites. Before and after classes in photosynthesis in science curriculum, students were asked to write down conceptions that they knew about the 4 fields of photosynthesis of questionnaire and to write down scales of relevance from 1 to 30 about how they think the conceptions are related to the field of photosynthesis. The results of this study showed the following: First, most students have had a variety of conceptions and commonly recognized 'light' and 'water' as concepts in photosynthesis. Second, students still recognized their preconceptions like 'soil' and 'root,' etc. that were far from scientific conceptions of photosynthesis although they took classes in photosynthesis. Third, students needed to take the various strategies of teachers because they did not recognized scientific conceptions appropriately about photosynthetic fields. Fourth, it appeared that photosynthetic conceptions recognized by students had status in terms of relevance and frequency rate of conceptions, and competition among conceptions, and that they looked like the niche of conceptions in their conceptual ecologies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2008

Eye localization means localization of the center of the pupils, and is necessary for face recognition and related applications. Most of eye localization methods reported so far still need to be improved about robustness as well as precision for successful applications. In this paper, we propose a robust eye localization method using multi-scale Gabor feature vectors without big computational burden. The eye localization method using Gabor feature vectors is already employed in fuck as EBGM, but the method employed in EBGM is known not to be robust with respect to initial values, illumination, and pose, and may need extensive search range for achieving the required performance, which may cause big computational burden. The proposed method utilizes multi-scale approach. The proposed method first tries to localize eyes in the lower resolution face image by utilizing Gabor Jet similarity between Gabor feature vector at an estimated initial eye coordinates and the Gabor feature vectors in the eye model of the corresponding scale. Then the method localizes eyes in the next scale resolution face image in the same way but with initial eye points estimated from the eye coordinates localized in the lower resolution images. After repeating this process in the same way recursively, the proposed method funally localizes eyes in the original resolution face image. Also, the proposed method provides an effective illumination normalization to make the proposed multi-scale approach more robust to illumination, and additionally applies the illumination normalization technique in the preprocessing stage of the multi-scale approach so that the proposed method enhances the eye detection success rate. Experiment results verify that the proposed eye localization method improves the precision rate without causing big computational overhead compared to other eye localization methods reported in the previous researches and is robust to the variation of post: and illumination.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.175-205
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to find the distribution of the variables on the quality of life and the determinants of the sexual attitude and behavior of the unmarried female workers. This study was surveyed to the 306 unmarried women who worked in the small and medium scale industries in Kyungin area and analyzed the respondent's knowledge of sex, sexual behavior, health behavior, health status, satisfaction of working condition and recognition of working environment. The result of this study could be summarized as follows: The respondent's age are mostly early of twenties and their education level are high school and more. They recognize that their health condition is not so good but they hardly try to improve health condition. They think that their working condition are mostly unsatisfied and they also believe that they expose themselves to the toxic working environment. Although their knowledge of sex are low they have few chances for the education of sex and family planning. Their attitude of premarital sex are conservertive but the rate of approval of living together before marriage are high and the rate of premarital sex is around 15 percent. The premarital sex behavior are positively related with family size, living condition, knowledge of sex and working period but the sex experiences are negatively related with working period and knowledge of sex. As a result we suggest that the sex education and consultative program are necessary for improving the quality of life of the unmarried working women in small and medium scale industries.