• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.389-409
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to identify the differences between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction of postpartum women during the early postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain needed to develope the nursing quality for postpartum women. The subjects were 87 postpartum women who had vaginal delivery at 2 general hospital and 2 maternity hospital in the Ulsan City. The period for the data collection was from June 1 to 29, 1999. The data was gathered using an 98 items questionnaire which was a modified version of a questionnaire the developed by Y. J. Chun. Results found are as follows : 1. The general characteristics of the subjects : The majority of subjects were 25-29 yrs. (57.5%), high school and college graduates(96.5%), unemployed(75.9%), middle ranged economics(93.1%), had no religion(43.7%), male baby(52.9%), birth weight 3-3.5Kg(49.4%), wanted pregnancy(96.6%), no abortion history(50.6%), had antenatal care(89.7%), had prenatal education(32.2%), postnatal education(42.5%), intended breast feeding (46.0%), had resonable self confidence about self(20.7%), infant care(36.8%) and nuclear family pattern(82.3%). 2. The level of nursing needs of overall nursing care(3.93) and the levels of satisfaction(3.86) was relatively high. The nursing needs by category of nursing care, the highest need was in the emotional and psychological care(4.09), and the lowest need was in physical need(3.73). The satisfactions by category of nursing care, the highest satisfaction was in emotional and psychological care(4.11) and the lowest satisfaction was in education in self care(3.64). The significant differences between nursing needs and satisfactions were found on education in infant care(p=.005), and education in self care(p=.020). 3. Among items of physical care, 'accurate medication and treatment(4.21)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.13)', 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound (4.12)' and 'regular observation of postpartum conditions(4.09)' showed high nursing needs. 'Accurate medication and treatment(4.31)', 'regular observation of postpartum condition(4.24)', 'control of postpartum hemorrhage(4.22)' and 'pain control and care of episiotomy wound(4.12)' showed high satisfaction levels. 4. Among items of emotional and psychological care, 'personal treatment(4.32)', kind and faithful care(4.30)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.25)', 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.23)' and detailed explanation on a doubt(4.13)', showed high nursing needs, 'personal treatment(4.52)', 'kind and faithful care(4.45)', 'detailed explanation on a doubt(4.24)', 'detailed explanation on the treatment or nursing care(4.21)' and 'adequate draping during the care and treatment(4.18)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Difference between the level of nursing needs and satisfaction was significant except item of 'early contacts with their baby and breast feeding'. 5. Among items of environmental care, the highest level of need and satisfaction were on the items of 'neat bedding and clothes(4.05, 4.21)' and 'room cleansing or care of room(4.01, 4.28)'. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'room cleansing of care of room'. 6. Among items of educational needs on self care, 'sitz bath method(4.22)', 'high risk symptoms to immediate clinic visits(4.13)', 'the timing of tub bath(4.05)' and 'good secretion of breast milk(4.03)', showed high nursing needs, 'sitz bath method(4.22)' showed high satisfaction of nursing care. Differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction were 'the timing of hair shampoo', 'the timing of tub bath', ' the method of pad change', 'postpartum exercise', 'good secretion of breast milk', 'maintenance of breast figure', 'contraindicated drugs in postpartum women', 'kegel exercise' and 'breast self examination'. 7. Among items of educational needs on infant care, 'immunization of infants(4.36)', 'symptoms of sickness to immediate clinic visits(4.28)'. 'safety and emergency care(4.28)', 'umbilical care(4.26)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.24)', 'normal growth and development of infant(4.24)' and 'infection control(4.22)', showed high level of nursing care, 'immunization of infants(4.21)', 'feeding times and intervals(4.17)', were high satisfaction items showed significant differences between the level of nursing care and satisfaction. 8. Relationship between nursing needs and levels of satisfaction among postpartum women were as follows : 1) Physical area : There were no significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mothers', 'baby's weights', 'baby's sex', 'planning of feeding' and 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 2) Emotional and psychological area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different in the area of 'confidence in self care'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'baby's weights', 'the confidence of infant care' and 'working mother'. 3) Environment area : There were on significant differences in the level of nursing needs, but satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'maternal age' and 'baby's weights'. 4) Education in self care : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history' and 'type of family formation'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'working mother', 'baby's sex', 'antenatal care', 'postpartum education', 'planning of feeding', 'routes of receiving postpartum informations'. 5) Education in infant care area : The level of nursing needs were significantly different among 'parity history'. Satisfaction levels were significantly different among 'baby's sex', 'receiving postpartum education or not' and 'working mother'.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.114-125
• /
• 1978

The use of petroleum fuels in grain drying causes problems of high cost and management. To solve these problems, it is required to study on soLar energy as an alternative to petroleum fuels for grain drying. The purposes of this study were to find out the optimum received area and air flow rate of a flat-plate solar air collector for grain drying and to assess its effects on grain drying with a small grain bin. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The calculated optimum tilt angles of the collector in the summer and autumn drying seasons were 20 and 50 degress, respectively, in suwon area. 2. The outlet temperature of the collector was $36^\circ C$ on the daily average with the maximum of $36^\circ C$ at 12:00 o clock. Solar radiation on the collector surface was 1.04 ly( 1 langley = 1 cal/$cm^2$) per minute on the daily average and 1.30 ly per minute on the maximum at 11:00am. The thermal efficiency of the collector was 62.4 percent on the daily average, and the air flow-rate per unit receiving are was 1.03 $m^3$/min/$m^2$.4. The calculated optimum receiving area and the air flow-rate per unit cubic volume for paddy in autumn drying season was 2 $m^2$ and 2$m^3$/min , respectively. 5. not significantly difference in the collector efficiency was appeared between the rotating and fixed type of solar collector. 6. For drying of wheat with 0.6 meter of the depth in the bin, approximately 9 hours were required to reduce the moisture content from 21.6% to 13% with air follow rate of 5 $m^3$/min an initial moisture per cubic meter of wheat and with air temperature of $52^\circ C$. 7. In the drying test of rough rice with a turning operation in a grain bin approximately 21 hours were required to reduced the moisture from 21% to 14.5% with airflow rate of 2 $m^3$/min per cubic meter of rice and the air temperature of $43.5^\circ C$. 8. Over-drying at the bottom and less -drying at the top of the grain mass was resulted from the high -temperature of drying air which was obtained from the flat-plate solar collector in this test. An appropriate operation should be prepared for the uniform moisture of the grain in the bin.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 배전용변압기의 원격감시용 시스템 구축 및 운영기술을 제시하였다. 특히 이 시스템에서 사용하는 통신매체로서는 전력회사의 주요 배전선에 시설되어있는 CATV전송망을 활용하였다. 이 시스템은 배전용 변압기 2차전압, 전류를 측정하는 센서부분, 데이터의 부호와 및 해독을 담당하는 RF모뎀부분, 데이터를 송·수신하는 통신 매체부분, 그리고 모니터링된 계측데이터를 변화하는 서버부분 등 4개 주요요소로 구성되어 있다. 또 한 각 요소의 구성에 대한 기능과 개발과정을 기술하였으며, 중부지점의 실계통에 적용함으로써 본 논문에서는 제안한 시스템의 신뢰성과 효과성을 검증하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.419-427
• /
• 2006

Purpose: This descriptive survey was done to assess how rural women with osteoarthritis perceive their symptoms, what are their treatment preferences, and how they manage their illness. Method: Individual interviews were carried out with 205 women with osteoarthritis living in rural areas. Structured questionnaires were used and the interviewers were 7 trained research assistants. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis with SPSS win 11.5 program. Results: Of the respondents, 68.8% were overweight and 15.1% were obese, 86.9% reported pain in the knees, low back, and shoulders and the average pain score was 66.06. Those knowing the exact diagnosis accounted for 73.7% of the respondents but only 49.7% reported receiving medical treatments, and 40.2% who received treatment adhered to their prescription. Folk medicines were used by 14.1% of the respondents, but 65.2% among them reported that folk medicines were not effective. Exercise 2.03 times per week was reported by 17.1% of the respondents and 48.6% reported preferring to walk. Conclusion: Women with osteoarthritis in rural areas need a rehabilitative care program focused on exercise. The community health care system in the rural area should deliver optimal health care for this population. The results of this study can be used as a basis for planning intervention programs for women with osteoarthritis in the rural area.

• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2002

디지털 방송 시스템 구축에 있어서 시스템 출력단의 기저대역 신호와 RF 신호가 포함하고 있는 MPEG-2 TS(Transport stream) 영역의 데이터를 분석하는 것은 시스템 경로상의 오류 유무와 그 위치를 파악하거나 유추하는데 중요한 자료를 제공한다. 송출되는 스트림은 RF(Radio frequency) 영역과 TS 영역에서 각각 여러 종류의 오류를 포함할 수 있으며, 이러한 오류를 정정하는 것은 셋톱 박스와의 정합, 안정된 수신성능 보장, 그리고 시청자 편의 등의 측면에서 매우 주요하다. 본 논문에서는 2001년부터 시작되어 현재 관악산에서 송출되고 있는 국내 지상파 디지털 TV(DTV, ATSC) 5개 채널중 지상파 방송 3사의 채널을 선택하여 이 채널의 MPEG TS 스트림상에서의 오류, PSIP(Program and System Information Protocol) 상에서의 오류, RF 영역에서의 오류 등 DTV 시스템에서 발생 가능한 오류들을 2001년 12월부터 2달 동안 측정하고 분석하였으며, 미국에서 측정한 RF 및 TS 스트림의 측정 및 분석 결과와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.941-945
• /
• 2015

We examined the in vivo efficacy of ultra-high molecular weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (UHMW γ-PGA) for wound healing. The wound area was measured by a ruler and documented by digital photography before the animals were sacrificed at days 8 and 16 post wounding. The areas of wounds treated with UHMW γ-PGA were significantly decreased on days 8 and 16, as compared with those receiving a control treatment, and more than 70% of the UHMW γ-PGAtreated area was repaired by day 8. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed that the epidermis had regenerated in the UHMW γ-PGA-treated wounds. At 16 days post wounding, collagen pigmentation and cross-linking were increased as compared with the control groups, and greater regeneration of blood vessels had occurred in UHMW γ-PGA-treated groups. Increased levels of transforming growth factor-beta and β-catenin were also observed in skin samples collected from UHMW γ-PGA-treated animals on days 8 and 16 post incision. Taken together, these findings suggest that UHMW γ-PGA promotes wound healing in vivo.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.751-761
• /
• 2015

A multi-platform offshore wind farm is receiving the worldwide attention for the sake of maximizing the wind power capacity and the dynamic stability at sea. But, its wind power efficiency is inherently affected by the interference of wake disturbed by the rotating blades, so its layout should be appropriately designed to minimize such wake interference. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to introduce a layout optimization for multi-platform offshore wind farm consisted of 2.5MW spar-type floating wind turbines. The layout is characterized by the arrangement type of wind turbines, the spacing between wind turbines and the orientation of wind farm to the wind direction, but the current study is concerned with the spacing for a square-type wind farm oriented with the specific angle. The design variable and the objective function are defined by the platform length and the total material volume of the wind farm. The maximum torque loss and overlapping section area are taken as the constraints, and their meta-models expressed in terms of the design variable are approximated using the existing experimental data and the geometry interpretation of wake flow.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제15권7호
• /
• pp.885-890
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 웨어러블 컴퓨터 시스템을 구축하기 위해, WUSB over WBAN 프로토콜에서 구현된 실시간 위치인식 플랫폼 기술을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 실시간 위치인식 플랫폼 기술은 웨어러블 컴퓨터의 주변 장치를 구성하는 WUSB over WBAN 프로토콜 기반 센서 노드 망에서 동작한다. 그리고 WUSB 호스트가 전송한 WBAN 비컨이 수신된 시간차를 계산하여 센서노드의 위치를 결정하고, 가상 물체의 동작을 결정하게 된다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.352-361
• /
• 1992

This study was designed to identify the relation between the perceived family support and social adjustment of discharged patients with chronic mental illnesses. The subjects for this study were 50 patients with chronic mental illnesses receiving out-patient treatment at one general hospital and one private hospital in Seoul. The data were collected during the period from April 25, 1991 to May 27, 1991. The perceived family support was measured by the Family Support Scale developed by Hyun Sook Kang. A questionnaire which was developed by Weissman was modified by the author of this study to measure the Social Adjustment. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficients, using the SPSS program. The results of this study can be summarized as following ; 1) For the perceived family support, the mean was 2.63 points and the source of family support was almost always the mother. 2) For the social adjustment level, the mean was 2.62 points, and the results showed the best social adjustment was in the area of parental role and family adjustment, and the poorer adjustment was in the area of work and leisure. 3) The relationship between the perceived family support and social adjustment revealed a significant correlation.(r＝.38, p＜.05) Therefore the hypothesis “the higher the level of perceived family support, the higher the social adjustment level” was accepted. In conclusion, the study revealed that family support is an important factor related to the social adjustment level in patients with chronic mental illnesses.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.196-208
• /
• 2002

국내 남해안 일대에서 1994년부터 주파수공용통신(TRS) 서비스에 간섭이 처음 발생한 이후, 최근 셀룰러 이동통신 주파수대역에서도 유사한 간섭 현상이 발생하고 있다. 측정 결과 그 간섭원이 일본의 디지털 셀룰러 이동서비스의 기지국인 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 이는 일본의 디지털 이동전화 기지국의 송신주파수와 국내의 TRS 및 셀룰러 이동통신 기지국의 수신주파수가 중첩되기 때문이다. 한국과 일본간의 거리가 240~300 km임을 고려할때 간섭의 주 원인을 덕팅현상으로 결론 지을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 split-step DMFT 알고리즘윽 이용하여 덕팅채널을 통한 전자파 전파를 모델링하고, 동해안과 서해 지역의 실재 측정된 굴절율 profile에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과를 분석하였다.