• Anxiety and mood
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

Benzodiazepine (BDZ) has the possibilities of development of tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and abuse/addiction, as well as chronically adverse effects. Although many guidelines have proposed the restricted prescription of them, their uses in many psychiatric areas as well as primary practice are still wide spread. So we tried to reappraise the clinical characteristics of BDZ and then to consider the appropriate use. Firstly, meta-analyses on long-term use of BDZ indicated the cognitive impairment, which could be improved after discontinuation of BDZ. Next, there have been some evidences that the long-term use of BDZ does not develop tolerance, contrary to our concern, and maintains good anxiolytic effects. Also, physiological dependence should be discriminated from abuse/addiction, assuming the reality that the risk of BDZ abuse/addiction is surely overestimated. These issues are discussed in detail.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.41-57
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• 2004

The subjects in this study were 442 5th and 6th grade school children in Seoul. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, Stepwise Multiple Regression, and MANOVA. The principal findings were that worry, depression, and trait anxiety were positively related to meta-cognitive knowledge, particularly, meta-worry, positive beliefs about worry, negative beliefs about worry, lower appraisal about cognitive competence, and cognitive self-consciousness. These traits were also positively related to such metacognitive regulation strategies as worry displacement, self punishment, reappraisal, and social control. Metacognition influenced worry, depression, and trait anxiety; groups having more problems worry, depression, and trait anxiety showed high scores in metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive regulation strategies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.325-348
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• 2009

This study intends to investigate the main and mediating effects which caregiving appraisal and positive reappraisal exert on quality of life (QOL) of primary family caregivers of cancer patient considering the relationship with social support. The processes of this study areas follows. First, the variables which research model were chosen on the basis of stress-appraisal-coping theory through reviews of the previous studies. Second, a survey was conducted upon 295 primary caregiver of patient with cancer at National Cancer Center. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method using AMOS 5.0. The summary of the result is as follows. First, the entire model including measurement and structural model shows sufficient fit index of CFI(.951), TLI(.940) and RMSEA(.062). Second, the results of analysis of direct effects among variables are as follows. The 'Social support' has statistically significant direct effect on the 'feeling of burden' and 'growth'. The 'feeling of burden' has statistically significant direct effect on the 'growth' and 'QOL-mental and physical'. The 'growth' has statistically significant direct effect on the 'QOL-mental'. Third, the results of analysis of mediating effects of the 'social support and QOL' and 'feeling of burden and QOL' are as follows. The effects of 'social support' on 'QOL-mental' are significantly mediated by the 'feeling of burden' and 'growth'. The effects of 'social support' on 'QOL-physical' are significantly mediated by the 'feeling of burden'. The effects of 'feeling of burden' on 'QOL-mental' are significantly mediated by 'growth'. Through this research, these implications in social work study and practice are found: (1) this study extended the scope of study in the caregiver's health area from negative sides into positive ones by using growth variables as positive reappraisalof caregiving in research model, which has not been tried on the Korean family caregivers of the cancer patient. (2) The effects of positive reappraisal on QOL-mental can provide a foundational necessity for social workers to help family caregivers find positive meaning in their caregiving experience. This approach of social work practice will improve QOL of family caregivers. (3) This study present a framework including social support, negative appraisal, positive reappraisal, and QOL variables available to social work practice and explaining affective relationships among these variables in various aspects.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.301-323
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• 2013

The government of the UK since the 1990, especially under the new Labour Party, has pursued sustainable development or carbon control as a core strategy for its national development. The seemingly prominent environmental policy for 'greening the government' of the UK as well as considerable achievements in energy and environment indices have attracted much attentions of policy makers and researchers for the 'low carbon green growth' in Korea. This paper tries to see the character of carbon control and environmental policy in the UK not merely as the integrating or mainstreaming policy but a new strategy for national development, that is, for the 'ecologically modernized' state, eco-state, or green state. It defines the environmental policy for carbon control in the UK as the strategy for the green state which has provided it as a principal guide for integrating national policies as a whole, and which has pursued it through market-dependent neoliberal measures. From this point of view, this paper introduces the development process of carbon control and environmental policy mainly under the new Labour Party government in the UK, and gives a reappraisal of both its policy and of energy-environment indices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.173-179
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• 2006

In order to explain a U-shape pattern of stock returns, Fama and French(1988) suggested the state-space model consisting of I(1) permanent component and AR(1) stationary component. They concluded the autoregression coefficient induced from the state-space model follow the U-shape pattern and the U-shape pattern of stock returns was due to both negative autocorrelation in returns beyond a year and substantial mean-reversion in stock market prices. However, we found negative autocorrelation is induced under the assumption that permanent and stationary noise component are independent in the state-space model. In this paper, we derive the autoregression coefficient based on ARIMA process equivalent to the state-space model without the assumption of independency. Based on the estimated parameters, we investigate the pattern of the time-varying autoregression coefficient and conclude the autoregression coefficient from the state-space model of ARIMA(1,1,1) process does not follow a U-shape pattern, but has always positive sign. We applied this result on the data of 1 month retums for all NYSE stocks for the 1926-85 period from the Center for Research in Security Prices.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

Purpose: The research was conducted to investigate the experience of maternal role attainment of mothers of premature infants admitted in NICU and to conceptualize the phenomena. Method: The grounded theory method was utilized for data collection and analysis. 8 mothers of premature infants were selected and in-depth interview was performed. Paradigm model was utilized for data analysis and presentation. Result: The central category was 'unstable maternal identity'. The properties of the core phenomena was 'ambivalent feeling to baby' 'negative emotion' 'commitment to baby'. The loss of control due to premature delivery was the causal condition. contextual condition was the 'perceived threats' due to severity of the premature infant and uncerainty of the baby's life. The mother's health status, economic status, and familial and social support was recognized as intervening conditions during the process of maternal role attainment. The strategic action/interactions were emotion-focused coping, reappraisal of the situation, problem-focused coping, and information seeking. The consequence was the maternal role attainment with competence and expectation. Conclusion: The process of maternal role attainment was affected by threats due to severity of the baby and intervening factors and interaction strategy. Further research is recommended to develop adequate intervention method during the process of maternal role attainment.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

The taxonomic status of three closely related species of the genus Sphacelaria, S. rigidula Kützing, S. fusca (Hudson) C.F Gray and S. didichotoma Saunders was reassessed on the basis of morphological observations from herbarium specimens and phylogenetic analysis of RUBISCO spacer sequences. Sphacelaria rigidula was characterized by having only 2-armed propagules and somewhat slender filaments. Culture experiments revealed that its propagules commonly formed secondary arms, even though they were rarely produced in the field. It is concluded that S. divaricata Montagne characterized by dichotomously branched arms in propagules shoud be synonymized with S. rigidula, based on propagule morphology and measurements. Sphacelaria fusca clearly be separated from S. rigidula by having 2-4 armed propagules. These morphological differences were highly supported by the differences in the RUBISCO spacer sequences. S. didichotoma resembles S. rigidula in having propagules with two dichotomously branched arms. However, it commonly produces the secondary arms in the field. Additionally, this species has shorter primary arms than S. rigidula. Phylogenetic analyses supported the distinction of S. didichotoma from S. rigidula. The northwestern Pacific plants, previously recorded as S. divaricata, were recognized as S. didichotoma.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2017

Objectives: Adolescent depression is a complex disorder influenced by a variety of personal and familial factors. In this study, we compared the familial, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics of adolescents with and without diagnosed depression. Methods: Forty adolescents with depressive disorder were recruited from two psychiatric clinics, along with 46 healthy adolescents from a middle school and a high school. We then compared the participants' cognitive and behavioral characteristics and the child-rearing attitudes of their parents. Results: Compared to the healthy adolescents, the adolescents with depression exhibited lower self-esteem, higher emotional reappraisal, greater disruptive behavior, and lower attention. Furthermore, compared to the mothers of the healthy adolescents, the mothers of those with depression reported less affective, less autonomic, and more rejecting parenting attitudes towards their children. Conclusion: We found that attentional problems, negative parenting attitudes, negative self-cognition, and expressive suppression are all associated with adolescent depression. Parenting education and interventions appear to be needed to correct the negative cognitions of adolescents with depression.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

This study aims to evaluate Rietveld's creative design style and concepts. To this end, I looked into the evaluation of major researchers on Rietveld, classified all his works into four groups according to the design types and analyzed them. As follows: based on the results of the analysis of works I concluded. First, Rietveld created the concept of the spatial extension to the ingenious joint which had the structural node formed of three listels with quadrangular section. It is the design innovation that led to liberate the closed construction. Second, Rietveld had opened up the possibility to neutralize the gravitational three-dimensional works. He subtracted the weight in the direction of gravity from the three-dimensional structure of the works and painted the three primary colors on them partially to get rid of the original material color. Therefore they looked like the forms liberated from gravity. Third, Rietveld ripped off the surfaces of cube through several formative experiments and decomposed the volume into the tesseract. Through this method of realizing the new plastic concepts, he completed the architectural models of weightlessness. Fourth, Rietveld opened the possibility of the realization of the three-dimensional works integrated all space and time in the one-pieced works and the folded works. Fifth, Rietveld steadily experimented and realized the internal and external integration of time and space in his later works.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to derive periodical characteristics of the policy for the elderly in Japan by investigating the changes of social security system. The target period of 1946~2000 in Japan was divided into 3 periods for the understanding of periodical characteristics in the focuses of medical, welfare and pension system for the elderly; establishment of concept for the social security and welfare of Japan(1946,1950), appearance of social security system and the elderly problem(to late 1960's), infra construction for aging society(to late 1980's), development and reappraisal of practical policy for the elderly(to late 1990's). It is expected that this paper could provide basic data for the elderly-related policy making in our country.