• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.495-510
• /
• 2022

In this study, fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (FHSI) was used for the rapid, non-destructive detection of fake, manmade eggs from real eggs. To identify fake eggs, protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-a natural pigment present in real eggshells-was utilized as the main indicator due to its strong fluorescence emission effect. The fluorescence images of real and fake eggs were acquired using a line-scan-based FHSI system, and their fluorescence features were analyzed based on spectroscopic techniques. To improve the detection performance and accuracy, an optimal waveband combination was investigated with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and its fluorescence ratio images (588/645 nm) were created for visualization of the real eggs between two different egg groups. In addition, real and fake eggs were scanned using a one-waveband (645 nm) handheld fluorescence imager that can perform real-time scanning for on-site applications. Then, the results of the two methods were compared with one another. The outcome clearly shows that the newly developed FHSI system and the fluorescence handheld imager were both able to distinguish real eggs from fake eggs. Consequently, FHSI showed a better performance (clearer images) compared to the fluorescence handheld imager, and the outcome provided valuable information about the feasibility of using FHSI imaging with ANOVA for the discrimination of real and fake eggs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 1984

A composite - discrete courier transform (CDFT) is developed, which can diagonalize a real symmetric circulant matrix. In general the circulant matrices can be diagonalized by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). With the analysis of the variance distributions of the DFT and CDFT for the general symmetric covariance matrix of real signals, the DFT and CDFT are compared with respect to the rate distortion performance measure. The results show that the CDFT is more efficient than the DFT in bit rate reduction. In addition, for a particular 64$\times$64 points covariance matrix (f(q)=(0.95)q), the amount of the relative average bit rate reduction for the CDFT with respect to the DFT is obtained by 0.0095 bit with a numerical calculation.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.143-147
• /
• 2016

Uncertainty appears not only in real quantities but also in complex quantities. Complex uncertain process is essentially a sequence of complex uncertain variables indexed by time. In order to describe complex uncertain process, a formal definition of complex uncertain distribution is given in this paper, as well as the concepts of independence and variance. In addition, some properties of complex uncertain integral are presented.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1989.10a
• /
• pp.918-923
• /
• 1989

This paper presents a stability condition for Astrom's minimal variance control(MVC) with mismatch of time delay for a SISO ARMAX model containing time delay. The proof of the condition presented here is based on the characteristic equation in the feedback system and its magnitude. This condition, from easy numerical calculation, is able to find the stability of the feedback system without knowing the real time delay.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.193-196
• /
• 2007

This paper presents real examples of quality statistics for users to easily understand the concept and purpose for obtaining the degree of freedom. Moreover degree of freedom by Satterwaite can be used for linear combinations of unbiased variance. Finally effective degree of freedom by Welch-Satterthwaite is applicable to obtain expanded uncertainty considering type A and type B uncertainty.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.1217-1222
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we show that any circular density can be closely approximated by an exponential family of distributions. Therefore we propose an exponential family of distributions as a new family of circular distributions, which is absolutely suitable to model any shape of circular distributions. In this family of circular distributions, the trigonometric moments are found to be the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators (UMVUEs) of the parameters of distribution. Simulation result and goodness of fit test using an asymmetric real data set show usefulness of the novel circular distribution.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.08a
• /
• pp.186-189
• /
• 2008

In order to estimate cell images, high-performance electron microscopes are used nowadays. In this paper, we propose a new simple, fast and efficient method for real-time automatic focusing in electron microscopes. The proposed algorithm is based on the prediction-error variance, and demonstrates its feasibility by using extensive experiments. This method is fast, easy to implement, accurate, and not demanding on computation time.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
• /
• v.32A no.5
• /
• pp.42-53
• /
• 1995

Token bus protocols have been sidely accepted for Medium Access Control (MAC) in real-time networks such as those used in factory automation, distributed process control, nuclear power plant, aircraft and spacecraft. Token bus protocols provide timer-controlled priority mechanism, which offers multiple level of privilege of medium access to different type of traffic. This paper presents and approximate analytical model for the evaluation of variance of waiting time in the time-controlled proiority scheme of token bus protocols. Token bus system is assumed to be operated with singe-service discipline which is the practical case of real-time networks such as those used in distributed process control and factory automations. The approximate analytical model is validated by comparison with the simulation resuls.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.31 no.11A
• /
• pp.1037-1043
• /
• 2006

This work presents an effective overlay multicast tree construction algorithm for synchronized real-time media multicast service over the Internet. The proposed algorithm is designed to minimize delay variance among group members to provide the synchronized service as well as average delay of group members in order to support the service in real-time. Basically, of orthogonal genetic algorithm is employed to obtain the near optimal tree with a low computational complexity since the given problem is NP-complete. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.45-63
• /
• 2019

Until recently, most people have invested in a traditional portfolio consisting of stocks, bonds and real estates based on the three-division method of properties in Korea. However, this study analyzed the impact of the composition of a portfolio combining representative real estate indirect investment products such as Reits and real estate funds on the investment performance. For this purpose, the empirical analysis using the mean variance model, which is the most appropriate method for the portfolio composition, was used. For variables used in this study, mixed asset portfolios were classified into Portfolio A through Portfolio G depending on the composition of assets, and the price indices selected as Kospi, Krx bond, Reits Trus Y7, Hanwha-Lasal fund, and Office (Seoul). The results are as follows; first Portfolio D, which combined bonds, stocks, Reits and Real Estate funds, and Portfolio G, which added the office, the actual real estate, were shown to have the lowest risk. second, Portfolio B composed of bonds, stocks and Reits and Portfolio D with added real estate funds had the lowest risk while Portfolio F composed of bonds, stocks, offices and real estate funds, and Portfolio G with added Reits were the most profitable. As a result, it has been analyzed that it was more effective to compose a portfolio including Reits and real estate funds, which were real estate indirect investment products that eliminated the illiquidity limitation of real estates than real estates, the traditional three-division method of properties. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the risk of investors and reduce the cost of ownership of the real estate by solving the illiquidity problem that is the biggest disadvantage of the direct investment, In addition, it is considered that it is more necessary to reinvigorate the real estate indirect investment market where small amounts can be invested.