• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the food-related lifestyle choices of female baby boomers and to investigate variables regarding home meal replacement (HMR) buying behaviors and future needs. This study was conducted on 358 female baby boomers 53 years of age living in Gyeonggi and near Seoul. Out of 420 distributed questionnaires, 358 were returned and used for analysis (response rate: 85.2%). As a result of cluster analysis, three groups were identified based on the food-related lifestyles : a value-seeking group, a convenience-seeking group, and a health-seeking group. Among the three groups, there were significant differences in two socio-demographic characteristics, education level (p<0.05) and regular exercise (p<0.01), and in several health- and food-related habits, type of breakfast (p<0.01), type of dinner (p<0.05), dinner details (p<0.05), frequency of eating out (p<0.05), and eating habits score (p<0.01). The health-seeking group was significantly more likely to purchase ready to cook (RTC) items (59.1%) than were the other groups (p<0.001). However, the ratio of HMR purchasing for the purpose of meal replacement (p<0.05) and an HMR purchasing frequency of more than twice a week (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the health-seeking group. Reasons for selecting HMR showed a similar tendency among groups in taste (26.2%), convenience (18.7%), price (16.9%), safety (15.3%) and type of food (14.3%). However, the satisfaction scores for hygiene and safety reported by the health-seeking group were significantly lower than those reported by the other groups. More than two-thirds of all respondents were willing to purchase HMR in the future, though there were significant differences according to group: convenience-seeking group, 73.1%, health-seeking group, 70.1%, and value-seeking group, 65.7% (p<0.05). Our results suggest that the number of baby boomers purchasing HMR products will continue to grow and baby boomers will want HMR products to be more healthy (52.0%), safe (28.5%) and delicious (13.4%). An emphasis on taste was high in the convenience-seeking group, whereas an emphasis on health was high in the health-seeking and value-seeking groups. In conclusion, this study shows various food-related lifestyles amongst female baby boomers and illustrates the need to develop HMR marketing strategies targeted to these different lifestyles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.836-842
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to study the performance of broilers chicks (2 to 42 d of age) fed diets containing pearl millet (PM, Pennisetum typhoides), foxtail millet (FOM, Setaria italica) or finger millet (FIM, Elusine coracana) totally replacing (w/w) yellow maize (YM) with and with out supplementing non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolysing enzymes at the rate of 0.5 g/kg diet. Enzyme preparation contained amylase 2,400 units, hemi-cellulase 5,400 units, cellulase 12,000 units, protease 2,400 units and beta-glucanase 106 units/g. Each diet was fed to eight replicates (five female Vencob broilers/replicate) housed in stainless steel battery brooders. The estimated metabolizable energy (ME) contents of YM, PM, FOM and FIM were FM (PM) were about 3,389, 2,736, 3,303 and 2,846 kcal/kg, respectively. Total replacement of YM with FOM did not influence the body weight gain, ready to cook yield, relative weights of giblet, liver, intestine, lymphoid organs (bursa and spleen) and length of intestine, antibody titers and livability at 42 d of age. But the food efficiency decreased significantly in FOM fed broilers compared those fed YM. Further, the fat content in thigh muscle reduced with FOM fed groups compared to those fed YM. The performance of broilers decreased significantly in PM and FIM fed broilers compared to those fed YM. The relative weights of giblet, gizzard and liver increased in FIM fed groups compared to those fed YM as the principal source of energy in broilers. Incorporation of NSP hydrolysing enzymes in commercial broiler diets improved the efficiency of feed utilization during starter phase but not at 42 d of age. The results thus indicate that yellow maize can be replaced in toto on weight basis in commercial broiler diets without affecting the performance. Supplementation of NSP hydrolysing enzymes was beneficial in enhancing feed utilization during the starter phase.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.401-408
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• 1985

정어리육을 원료로 한 대중적 소비성향의 대량 소비를 할 수 있는 식품의 중간 소재를 개발할 목적으로 정어리의 연육가공방법과 연육의 성상과 이를 소재로 한 제품의 물성에 관여하는 원료의 선도, 세척방법, 첨가물, 저장조건 등 여러가지 가공조건의 최적화를 검토하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1. 정어리육의 단백질은 저온에 저장하여 선도를 유지하여도 급격히 불용화하여 제품의 탄력과 물성도 매우 저하하였다. 원료정어리의 저장온도가 $5^{\circ}C$인 경우는 3일이내에 $-20^{\circ}C$의 경우는 20일 이내에 연육의 탄력형성능이 한계에 도달하였다. 2. 연육의 세척에 의한 수용성단백질의 제거와 염용성단백질의 안정화 효과는 세척회수($3{\sim}6$회)에 따른 큰 차는 없이 $3{\sim}4$회의 세척으로 충분하였는데 세칙방법별로는 수세, 알카리세척 및 산용액 세척의 경우 수용성단백질의 제거가 각각 $32\%,\;80\%,\;75\%$로 알카리세척이 보다 효과적이였고 제품의 물성도 좋았으며 지방의 제거는 세가지 경우 모두 $50{\sim}60\%$였다. 3. 정어리연육 저장중의 단백질 안정화와 연육의 탄력형성능의 보존을 위하여 중합인산염과 sorbitol의 첨가효과를 검토하였는데 연육을 $-30^{\circ}C$ 저장하였을 경우 이들의 첨가비에 따라 즉 인산염과 sorbitol이 $0.3\%$와 $3\%$일 때 35일, $0.6\%$와 $3\%$일 때 28일, $0.6\%$와 $6\%$일 때 21일, sorbitol 단독 $3\%$와 인산염 단독 $0.3\%$일 때는 각각 14일, 무첨가의 대조시료는 7일 이내에 탄력형성 굴곡시험 A에 도달하였고, 연제품의 물성도 저하하셨다. 이때 연육의 탄력형성의 한계와 염용성단백질의 함량간에는 밀접한 관계가 있어 염용성단백질소 함량 8.0mg/g가 경계였다. 4. 세척과정에서 유실된 지방을 보충하여 지방함량 $5\%,\;7\%$ 되도록 하였을 때, 연제품의 탄력성과 물성에는 큰 변화가 없었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

The consumption of poultry meat (chicken and turkey) grew the most during the past few decades due to several contributing factors such as low price, product research and development, favorable meat characteristics, responsive to consumer needs, vertical integration and industry consolidation, new processing equipments and technology, and aggressive marketing. The major processing technologies developed and used in chicken processing include forming/restructuring, tumbling, curing, smoking, massaging, injection, marination, emulsifying, breading, battering, shredding, dicing, and individual quick freezing. These processing technologies were applied to various parts of chicken including whole carcass. Product developments using breast, thigh, and mechanically separated chicken meat greatly increased the utilization of poultry meat. Chicken breast became the symbol of healthy food, which made chicken meat as the most frequent menu items in restaurants. However, the use of and product development for dark meat, which includes thigh, drum, and chicken wings were rather limited due to comparatively high fat content in dark meat. Majority of chicken are currently sold as further processed ready-to-cook or ready-to-eat forms. Major quality issues in chicken meat include pink color problems in uncured cooked breast, lipid oxidation and off-flavor, tenderness PSE breast, and food safety. Research and development to ensure the safety and quality of raw and cooked chicken meat using new processing technologies will be the major issues in the future as they are now. Especially, the application of irradiation in raw and cooked chicken meat products will be increased dramatically within next 5 years. The market share of ready-to-eat cooked meat products will be increased. More portion controlled finished products, dark meat products, and organic and ethnic products with various packaging approaches will also be introduced.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.531-541
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• 2021

This study was conducted to provide basic data for evolving a strategy for the development of Vietnam's customized HMR program and formulating a marketing strategy by analyzing the characteristics and variations of HMR consumption behavior by household size. The results of the analysis were as follows: The number of single households using HMR as a general meal at home was higher than multiple-person households. Moreover, there was a high preference for 'ready to heat' and 'ready to eat' products, which are relatively easy to cook and prepare. It was observed that single households preferred department stores, hypermarkets, and convenience stores for purchasing HMR when compared to multiple households, and that single households preferred to acquire information through TV/radio and internet advertisements. Among the HMR selection attributes, single households valued taste, quantity, price, preparation process, preparation time, and ease of storage as important. Reflecting on the results of this study, when developing HMR in Vietnam, it is necessary to develop a product that can nutritionally replace the general meal with a focus on convenience. In addition, there is a need for products that possess various attributes such as convenience, health, and eco-friendliness.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the need to develop foods for the elderly based on their food preferences. A one-to-one survey method was used for data collection, and the survey was conducted on 165 elderly people (male: 47, female: 118) attending senior welfare centers in Seoul. The results of this study show that the preferred cooking method was steaming rather than stir-frying. Vegetables (4.24), fruits (4.22), Kimchi (3.87), fish (3.83), tofu (3.81), rice-cakes (3.65), dairy products/eggs (3.47), meat (3.45), noodles (3.44), seafood (3.44), poultry (3.23), bread/cookies (3.10) showed high preferences in order (p<0.05). The respondent's chewing & swallowing degree were "Not uncomfortable chew" 31.5%, "Hard food, and a big food is a little difficult to intake". 37%, "Hard food, and a big food is difficult to intake" 11.5%, "Small food, and soft foods can intake" 11.5%, and "It is difficult to intake solid food" 1.2%. Foods that were difficult to chew were meat 28.3%, seafood 15.2%, vegetables 15.2%, nuts 14.1%, fruits 12.0%, Kimchi 8.7%, and other 6.5%. For respondents, the most important factors affecting choice of elderly foods were flavor (48.5%), hygiene (43.0%), and nutrition (36.4%). The elderly wanted "Ready to eat (RTE)" 53.9%, "Ready to heat (RTH)" 15.8%, "Ready to cook (RTC)" 21.2%, and 'Fresh cut product" 9.1%.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1047-1057
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences is food consumption behavior based on singles' food-related lifestyle. A survey was conducted with singles(age 25~54) in the Seoul metropolitan area. Out of 2,051 questionnaires distributed, 300 were analyzed(15.21% response rate). The data was analyzed using SPSS windows(ver. 17.0). Singles' food-related lifestyles were categorized into three groups. In addition, the respondents were divided into three groups by cluster analysis: convenience oriented group, wellbeing dining-out oriented group, and uninvolved group. The food consumption behavior of each group was significantly different in terms of considerations of food consumption, preference of food product types, and breakfast types. The convenience oriented group prefered to buy ready to cook food, ready to heat food and ready to eat food. Moreover, they often eat instant food. The wellbeing dining-out group is more interested in foods and their health than other groups. The uninvolved group was not concerned about food. This study suggests that the food industry the characteristics of singles' needs to be analyzed more systematically. By analyzing the characteristics of singles', the food industry can use the data to establish a marketing strategy for them.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

This study is to research the use and the demand of the elderly generation that pursue economic ability and active lifestyle. The composition of the meals were "homemade meals" 65.3%, "homemade & convenience meals" 26.7% overall. For the "never miss a meal" category, 70-74 years old was 48.3%, over 80 years old was 60.0%. The elderly under 70 years old showed a high frequency in the use of alternative meals (p < 0.05) and the elderly with higher education used the alternative meals more frequently (p < 0.01). The rice-cakes, bread, tuna cans, Korean side-dishes, beverages, meat, cup-noodles and seafood as alternative meals are in the order of most frequency. Also, 96.0%, 59.0% and 46.5% of the elderly had experience in using "Ready to eat (RTE)", "Ready to heat (RTH)" and "Ready to cook (RTC)". The oldest group surveyed, the elderly at the age of 80 years old and above showed lower preference for "completely cooked state" but showed highest results in the "half-cooked state". This shows the difference between people's perception and the behavior that showed high frequency of 96.0% in the experience with "RTE". This can be inferred that the elderly needs the development of convenience food that is moderately packaged according to the newer lifestyle where the elderly live independent from their children. Moreover, there is a higher demand in the healthy convenience food, which means that there is a need for development in the quality of the convenience food that will allow more faith in convenience food by the elderly.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.319-331
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• 1998

본 연구는 학교급식에서 Cook/chill system으로 생산 가능한 음식으로 돼지 불고기를 선정하고 모의실험을 통해 급식생산체계를 반복 실시함으로서 식품 위해 분석 중요관리점(HACCP)을 규명하고, 저장기간중의 음식품질 평가를 통해 합리적인 저장기한을 설정하고자 수행되었으며, 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 돼지불고기는 냉동상태로 운반되지 않아 온도상승이 일어난 검수 단계를 제외하면 각 생산 단계별 기준이 준수된 양호한 상태 하에서 생산된 것으로 나타난다. 생산단계별 미생물 분석결과, 원재료($4.26{\pm}0.11\;Log\;CFU/g$)에서 중온균수가 조리하지 않은 식품 기준 이내이나 다소 높게 나타났고, 양념장($5.97{\pm}0.04\;Log\;CFU/g$)에서는 조리하지 않은 식품 기준에 근접한 수준이었으며, 양념으로 재우는 과정($5.56{\pm}0.21\;Log\;CFU/g$)도 위험 수준이었다. 가열 조리 후 최종 음식온도가 $8.25{\pm}3.54^{\circ}C$에 도달하였으나 중온균수($5.17{\pm}0.04\;Log\;CFU/g$)가 급식 단계 음식기준을 초과한 위험한 수준이었고, 기타 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 급속 냉각과 저장 1일, 3일, 5일 동안도 중온균수가 급식단계 음식 기준에 근접한 위험한 상태였고 기타 미생물은 검출되지 않았다. 재가열 처리에 의해 저장 1일($4.62{\pm}0.22\;Log\;CFU/g$), 3일($4.55{\pm}0.20\;Log\;CFU/g$), 5일($4.25{\pm}0.16\;Log\;CFU/g$) 모두 중온균수는 감소하여 급식단계 음식기준에 충족한 상태가 되었다. 배분 3조건에서도 급식단계 음식 기준 이내에 들었다. 저장 5일간 이화학 분석 결과 pH, 산가, 휘발성 염기 질소 모두 저장 5일에 유의적으로 증가하였고, 관능평가에서는 모든 항목들이 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 티아민 정량 분속 결과 ,가열 전의 티아민 함량을 100%으로 했을 때, 가열 후에는 78.6%로 손실이 일어났으며, 냉각과 저장 1일, 3일은 티아민 손실을 거의 일으키지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 저장 5일에는 티아민이 현저히 저하되어 62.5% 보유에 그쳤다. 저장기간에 따른 미생물적, 이화학적, 관능적 품질을 분석한 결과와 티아민 함량의 변화를 고려하여 돼지불고기의 저장기한을 3일로 제안하며, 생산 단계별 온도-소요시간 측정 및 미생물 분석을 통해 규명된 중요관리점은 돼지고기와 양념장재료인 파, 마늘, 생강의 구입 및 검수, 가열조리, 냉각, 저장, 재가열과 배식단계였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1293-1300
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• 2001

본 연구는 부산지역 급식소에 종사하는 영양사 245명을 대 상으로 설문지를 이용하여 단체급식소에서의 냉장 조리 채 소의 이용성에 대한 인식을 파악하였다. 이에 대한 견과는 다음과 같다 영양사들은 전처리된 채소의 구입성에 대해 75.9 %가 필요하다고 인식하고 있었고 채소 식자재 활용시의 문제점으로는 75.4%가 전처리시간이 길다고 응답하였다. 급식소에 서 구매하는 조사대상 품목 중 전처리가 가장 높은 채소는 마늘로 나타났고 다음은 도라지 , 양파, 파, 당근의 순으로 나타났다. 무, 오이 . 호박, 시금치 , 상치 , 감자는 원재료 그대 로 또는 흙이 제거되고 정리된 상태의 것들로 구입되고 있는 것으로 나타났다 초등학교급식 소는 다른 급식소보다 양파, 파를 전처리가 많이 된 상태의 식자재를 구입하고 있는 것으 로 나타났고 조리종사원이 담당하는 급식인원수가 많은 경 우(172식 이상), 콩나물 . 숙주나물류, 감자류, 배추류, 양파, 파, 도라지를 전처리가 많이 된 상태의 채소를 구입하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 냉장조리 채소의 개발에 대해 40%이상이 바람직하다고 응답하였으나 영 양사 경력 이 많은 경우 냉장 조리 채소의 개발에 대해 부정적인 견해를 나타냈다. 냉장조 리 채소가 개발될 경우 개선 정도에 대해 쓰레기발생의 감소 와 조리 시 간 및 조리 과정 단축에 대한 개선점 수는 높았으나 인건비 절감, 음식품질 개선, 식재료비의 감소에 대해서는 개 선점수가 낮게 나타났다 초등학교급식소가 산업체급식소보다 인건비 절감과 식재료비 절감에서 개선에 대한 점수가 유 의적으로(P<0.01)낮게 나타났다 냉장조리 채소는 조리법에 서 튀김 . 전류, 볶음류에 적용할 수 있다는 견해가 높은 것으로 나타났는데 국류는 대학교급식소, 찌개류는 산업체급식소, 무침류는 대학교급식 소가 적용 가능한 조리법 이라 하였고 볶음류는 중 .고등학교급식소, 튀김 . 전류는 초등학교 급식소가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 살펴볼 때, 국내 에서는 아직 냉장조리 채소의 이용에 대한 인식은 낮은 편이나 채소 식자재 이용시의 문제점인 쓰레기 발생의 감소, 조리 시간 및 조리과정의 단축면에서는 단체급식소에서 매우 유효하게 이용될 수 있다 그리고 냉장조리 채소는 체계화된 과학 적인 방법으로 대량생산하는 경우 원가절감이 가능하고, 정확한 포장단위에 의해 구매할 수 있어 재료의 손실을 줄여 식 재료비의 감소도 가능하다. 그러므로 앞으로 채소를 위 생 적이며 간편하게 이용할 수 있도록 냉장조리 채소에 대한 개발과 대량생산 및 체계적인 보급 방안에 대한 지속적인 연구를 통해 국내 단체급식소가 가지고 있는 운영상의 많은 문제점들을 개선시켜야 하겠다.