• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.33-49
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to understand present situation of clinical trials, and evaluate the preparedness of the desiRnated institutions to abide by GCP(Good Clinical Practice) standards during clinical trials. Survey on the status of clinical trials was conducted for the desienated 83 clinical trial hospitals, and response rate was $95.2\%$. The results showed that 39 hospitals have conducted clinical trials to obtain drug manufacturing approval from 1990 to 1994. Most of them were trials on Phase III. Only $46.8\%$ of the institutions had sufficient human resources to perform the clinical trials. Institutions which established IRB(Institutional Review Board) accounted for 41 or $51.9\%$, but those who have a protocol evaluation guideline, or Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR) reporting system were only 12, and 21 Places, respectively. Regarding supervision of the investigational drugs, less than 30 institutions designated pharmacist as a supervisor. In conducting clinical trials, $97.4\%$ of trials had high rates of prior consent of testees, but only part of them-$61.7\%$-gave written consent. The level of conducting GCP is found to be unsatisfactory. Institutions must build the appropriate infrastructure and government must prepare in order to protect testees' rights as well as to ensure validity of the results.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

Purpose - The volume and valence of online word-of-mouth(eWOM) have become an important part of the retailer's market success for a wide range of products. This study aims to investigate how the growth of eWOM has generated the product's final financial outcomes in the introductory period influences. Research design, data, and methodology - This study uses weekly box office performance for 117 movies released in the South Korea from July 2015 to June 2016 using Korean Film Council(KOFIC) database. 292,371 posted online review messages were collected from NAVER movie review bulletin board. Using regression analysis, we test whether eWOM incurred during the opening week is valuable to explain the last of box office performance. Three major eWOM metrics were considered after controlling for the major distributional factors. Results - Results support that major eWOM variables play a significant role in box-office outcome prediction. Especially, the growth rate of the positive eWOM volume has a significant effect on the growth potential in sales. Conclusions - The findings highlight that the speed of eWOM growth has an informational value to understand the market reaction to a new product beyond valence and volume. Movie distributors need to take positive online eWOM growth into account to make optimal screen allocation decisions after release.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.224-233
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• 2002

General massage and sports massage techniques are kneading, petrisage and tappotment. These will be improve physiological reaction. Connective tissue massage is a reflex zone massage in the subcutaneous tissues. These are superficial and deeper fascia, intermuscular septa, blood vessel, perinerve tissue. It is frame work on organs in human-being, Therefore, abnormality of there tissues are a pathologic change of the organs. The pathologic changes are fined with visible investigation, manual investigation and stroking investigation on the reflex zone. The stroking on the reflex zone is the treatment also. Stroking methods are depend upon tissues and area. Short strokings are directed at approximately right angles against bone, muscular or facial board. Long strokings are very often follow the original cleavage lines. The back is divided for treatment purposes into sections. There are basic section, thoracic section and cervical section.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.708-711
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• 1999

The Cu/Ni/Au lamellar structure is extensively used as an under bump metallization on silicon file, and on printed circuit board(PCB) pads. Ni is plated Cu by either electroless Ni plating, or electrolytic Ni plating. Unlike the electrolytic Ni plating, the electroless Ni plating does not deposit pure Ni, but a mixture of Ni and phosphorous, because hypophosphite Is used in the chemical reaction for reducing Ni ions. The fracture crack extended at the interface between solder balls of plastic ball grid (PBGA) package and conducting pads of PCB. The fracture is duets to segregation at the interface between Ni$_3$Sn$_4$intermetallic and Ni-P layer. The XPS diffraction results of Cu/Ni/Au results of CU/Ni/AU finishs showed that the Ni was amorphous with supersaturated P. The XPS and EDXA results of the fracture surface indicated that both of the fracture occurred on the transition lesion where Sn, P and Ni concentrations changed.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1693-1695
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• 2000

In this paper with deposition 8A5H induce monolayers which has photoisomerization response displacement current was detected by photoisomerization and the amplifier was designed in order to amplify detected displacement current and then secondary current characteristic was measured. The experimental results are as following: In case of ultraviolet(${\lambda}_1$) and visible(${\lambda}_2$) irradiation on 8A5H induce monolayers depositioned on board the peak of current was detected about 9[fA]. Displacement current amplified as secondary transition form was measured but there was any particular reaction for detailed and accurate measurement restruction of the circuit is required.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

This study was carried out to determine the mechanical and physical properties of particle boards glued with condensed tannin (Wattle Tannin) powder that was single-molecule phenolic compounds like powdered phenolic resin. Our findings are; 1) It is necessary to spray water on the chip surfaces for effective application of powdered -form tannin resin. It shows that the best and optimum mat moisture increase is 14% of water spray on the surface of chips for developing PB properties. 2) In general, for both liquid and powdered tannin adhesives, their physical and mechanical properties has been proportional to the increase of resin level. But, the most efficient addition ratio is 16% of resin on dry basis. Specially, it is found that the resin level influences on the amount of free formaldehyde emission. The higher the resin level is, the lower the emission is. These phenomena seem to result from the increase of hexamine or formaline in the adhesives used as a hardener, that reduce the free-formaldehyde amount by reaction of tannin of poly-molecule and water. 3) The optimum condition for manufacturing PBs is the condition of hexamine of 5% and formaline of 6% in mechanical and physical properties. Hexamine is superior to formaline in mechanical and physical properties along with the control of the free formaldehyde emission amount. The result of NaOH's addition is insignificant in all experiments of both mechanical and physical properties.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.650-656
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• 2018

TFT-LCD 산업은 반도체와 유사한 공정기술을 갖는 대규모 장치 산업으로 일종의 Giant Microelectronics 산업이다. 습식 에칭(Wet Etching)은 전체 TFT 공정에서 비교적 큰 비중을 차지하고 있지만 발표된 연구사례는 부족한 실정이다. 그 주요 원인은 반응이 일어나는 에칭액(Etchant) 성분이 기업의 비밀로 간주되어 외부에 발표되는 사례가 거의 없기 때문이다. 최근 대면적 LCD 제조를 위하여 사용되는 알루미늄(Al)과 구리(Cu)는 습식 에칭을 진행하기에 매우 까다로운 물질이다. 저 저항성 재료인 Cu는 습식 에칭 공정에서만 가능하며 높은 속도와 낮은 실패율, 적은 소비전력으로 Al 에칭 대용으로 사용하고 있다. 그리고 에칭액으로 사용하는 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)의 이상 반응으로 추가적인 배관 및 전기적인 안전장치가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 과산화수소의 이상 반응을 제한하지는 못하나 이상 반응 발생 시 설비의 피해를 최소화 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 최근에 알루미늄 에칭설비에서 구리 에칭설비로 변경하는 사례가 많아 구리 에칭설비에 대한 하드웨어 인터록을 제안하고 안전 등급이 높은 안전 PLC로 구현하여 이상 반응에 대한 대비책을 강구하는 방안을 제안한다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.619-626
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to provide important methods to increase egg usage eggs in communal food services, based on the knowledge and awareness of the dietician. Methods: A survey on 200 dieticians in various aspects, such as egg purchase, utility, importance of egg dishes and allergy awareness was conducted. Result: Dieticians' highest consideration in purchasing eggs were cost (41.5%) and food safety certification (41.0%); the 88.6% of purchases were general egg. The most inconvenient issues in the purchase were inability to confirm freshness (42.0%), frequent breakage (23.5%) and inconvenience in shell disposal (18.5%). During the process of cooking, cracking egg shells (49.5%) and disposal of shells (14.0%) were marked as the major inconveniences. When questioned on intention to purchase liquid and powder eggs to overcome the shell disposal inconvenience, 64% answered no, with distrust in food safety (44.5%) being the major concern. The frequency of using eggs as the main ingredient was 1~2 times per week, with 49.0%. Food service customers favored rolled omelet (36.7%) and steamed egg (20.6%), and the most used utensil was the frying pan (56.5%). When important factors in egg dishes, namely diverse menu, taste, nutrition, consumer satisfaction and allergic reaction were surveyed, most answered that all 5 factors were important. Conclusion: For increasing egg dish inclusions in communal food service, the safety assurance, increase in liquid and processed egg use, and supply of cooking utilities are necessary.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.1124-1131
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• 2015

이 논문은 지상에서 초소형 위성의 랑데부/도킹 알고리즘 개발을 위하여 미세중력환경을 모사해주는 5자유도 지상 테스트베드에 관하여 기술한다. 테스트베드는 지면과의 마찰력을 없애주는 하부와 이 하부에 연결되어 3자유도의 회전운동을 하는 상부로 구성된다. 영상기반의 항법알고리즘 개발을 위하여 카메라와 LIDAR, AHRS 센서를 사용하였고 액추에이터로는 8개의 냉가스 추력기와 3축 방향의 반작용 휠을 사용하였다. 모든 시스템 소프트웨어는 온보드와 리눅스를 기반으로 C++을 사용하여 구현되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2010

The serious issue of tall building is to ensure the fire-resistance of high strength concrete. The fire resistant finishing method is necessarily essential in order to satisfy the fire resistance time of 3 h required by the law. The fire resistant finishing method is installed by applying a fire resistant material as a method of shotcrete or a fire resistant board to high strength concrete surface. This method can reduce the temperature increase of the reinforcement embedded in high strength concrete at high temperature due to the installation thickness control. This study is interested in identifying the effectiveness of inorganic alumino-silicate compounds including the inorganic admixture such as fly ash and meta-kaolin as the fire resistant finishing materials through the analysis of fire resistance and components properties at high temperature. The study results show that the fire resistant finishing material composed of fly ash and meta-kaolin has the thermal stability of the slight decrease of compressive strength at high temperature. These thermal stability is caused by the ceramic binding capacity induced by alkali activation reaction by the reason of the thermal analysis result not showing the decomposition of calcium hydrate. Inorganic compounds composed of fly ash and meta-kaolin is evaluated to be very effective as the fire resistance material for finishing to protect the concrete substrate by the reason of those simplicity in both application and manufacture. The additional study about the adhesion in the interface with concrete substrate is necessary for the purpose of the practical application.