• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 1998

Generally, in the calculation of ground resistance in the grounding system, the method measuring ground potential rise which is caused by low frequency source injection is used. But both lightning and surge impulse re very harmful to electric equipment. In this connection, this paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of transient behavior of ground impedances when lightening current is injected to the electric rod the experimental results are agreement with the theoretical analysis. In addition, the states on the behavior of ground electrodes under impulse currents due to lighting strokes are presented. And the impulse impedance reductions caused by discharge in the soils are presented.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3943-3955
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• 1975

The purposes of this study are to evaluate the utilization characteristics of electrical power consumption, to grasp the present trends in the use of electrical equipments, to estimate the demand factor and load factor being held, and to evaluate the efficiency of electical uses for the recently electrified farms cultivating paddy rice. For the purposes, 109 sample farms located in eleven villiages electrified in six different years from 1968 to 1973, were chosen at random and investigated on 35 items concerning to electrical uses and wiring systems. The survey was carried out in 1975, in the vinicity of Suweon city. The results are summarized as follows: i) The average annual power consumption on sample farms is considered to be low, being 242.9 Kwh. in 1974, and varied according to the different electrified year and size of cultivated land, respectively. It has significant positive correlation to the area of farm, too. ii) Between the number of year of electrical uses and the power consumption, there is very significant positive correlation, which could be expressed as Y=43.041+16.108 X, where X represents the number of years of electrical uses. The annual increment of power consumption is much greater at the beginning of the electrification than that at the later years, its average being approximately 20 percent. However, it is recommended that any estimation of long-term increments should be carefully investigated. iii) The monthly power consumption varies considerably throughout a year, in which the heaviest farm load occurs in November. Observing the seasonal variation of consumption, the winter-time is the heaviest season while the summer is the lowest. The result implies house lighting is chief contribution to the present electrical consumption on the farms. Comparing the variation of monthly consumption ratios between the sample farms and industries, the electrical uses on the farms are independant of the industrial uses, and further, the agricultural uses are of inverse pattern to the farms from the results that there is negative correlationship between them, iv) The number of electrical equipments used on the farms are occupied chiefly by lighting sources. Next to the lighting sources, household appliances of small quantity and some motors are used. The mean electrical quantity is about 1, 127.4 watt, which corresponds to about 37.6 per cent to the contracted quantity. The composition of quantity is chiefly occupied by the electrical motor of about 1.5 hp., single-phased. The number of the annual utilization hours of each equipment is tabulated in Table IV-5. In contradiction to the high utilization of lighting sources and small household appliances, the motor is poorly used for approximately 22 hours in a year. v) More than 55 per cent of farms want to purchase new electrical equipments such as small household appliances and electrical motors in their number. The impulse of purchasing such items is stimulated by the contacts to the mass media and their knowledge on such equipments. Consequently, the increase of electrical uses could be prompted by such trials as education and demonstration. vi) The demand and load factors on the farms vary considerably according to the greater variation of the power consumption, daily or monthly. The daily demand factor is 22.4 per cent and load factor 18.6 per cent, while the annual demand factor is 1.3 per cent and load factor 70 per cent approximately. Therefore, the low efficiency of construction cost requires re-evaluation of the present contracted quantity of 3 Kw. or increase of electrical uses. vii) The electrical energy on the farms devoted chiefly to lighten the farm residences does not contribute to the farm incomes. Consequently, the cost of electrical consumption presses considerably upon the farm economy. Therefore, there is great need to build up the electrical uses on the farms through the development of new works and techinques to utilize any electrical equipments on the production of farm products. Further more, such the development should be related to increase the actual income of the farm consumers.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2020

This study is to study Adler's individual psychology and to study the counseling process and counseling techniques based on the counseling theory derived there. The progress of Adler's consultation process is first, and the relationship formation phase is the phase of seeking equal and mutually cooperative relations working as active partners toward agreed objectives between the counselor and the counsellor. Second, the lifestyle search phase is an important goal to understand lifestyle and how lifestyle affects life's task. Third, the insight phase is the one that has insight. Fourth, it is carried out in the financial direction (transformation of behavior). Adler's counseling techniques include general techniques and special techniques, and general techniques include promptness, advice, encouragement, paradoxical intentions, demonstration of poetry, and role play. Special techniques include pressing a doorbell, spitting on a physician's soup, Midas technique, entertaining others, avoiding low-quality children and self-restraint. In conclusion, individual psychological counseling is based on growth model, not medical model, and has more interest in re-education and re-lighting healthy individuals and societies than on the aspect of treatment. Therefore, it applies to various areas such as child guidance centers, parent-child counseling, marital counseling, family counseling, group counseling and treatment, personal counseling for children and adolescents, cultural conflicts and mental health campaigns.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.558-563
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• 2013

The present study was conducted to estimate energy requirements for maintenance in laying hens by using indirect calorimetry and energy balance. A total of 576 28-wk-old Nongda-3 laying hens with dwarf gene were randomly allocated into four ME intake levels (86.57, 124.45, 166.63 and 197.20 kcal/kg body weight $(BW)^{0.75}$ per d) with four replicates each. After a 4 d adaptation period, 36 hens from one replicate were maintained in one of the two respiration chambers to measure the heat production (HP) for 3 d during the feeding period and subsequent 3 d fast. Metabolizable energy (ME) intake was partitioned between heat increment (HI), HP associated with activity, fasting HP (FHP) and retained energy (RE). The equilibrium FHP may provide an estimate of NE requirements for maintenance (NEm). Results showed that HP, HI and RE in the fed state increased with ME intake level (p<0.05). Based on the regression of HP on ME intake, the estimated ME requirements for maintenance (MEm) was 113.09 kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d when ME intake equals HP. The FHP was decreased day by day with the lowest value on the third day of starvation. Except for lowest ME intake level, the FHP increased with ME intake level on the first day of starvation (p<0.05). The FHP at the two higher ME intake levels were greater than that at the two lower ME intake levels (p<0.05) but no difference was found between the two lower ME intake levels. Linear regression of HP from the fed state to zero ME intake yielded a value of 71.02 kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d, which is higher than the extrapolated FHP at zero ME intake (60.78, 65.23 and 62.14 kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}$ per d for the first, second and third day of fasting, respectively). Fasting time, lighting schedules, calculation methods and duration of adaptation of hens to changes in ME intake level should be properly established when using indirect calorimetry technique to estimate dietary NE content, MEm and NEm for laying hens.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2020

This study was carried out to get the optimum conditions for manufacturing high refractive glass beads from waste fluorescent lamp glass. Chemical composition, X-ray diffraction pattern, particle size distribution, refractive index of glass beads, and the effect of air mixing ratio and ejection rate were investigated. The obtained results are as follows. The X-ray diffraction pattern and chemical composition of glass beads made of waste fluorescent glass are similar to common glass except ReO₂ 0.0108 wt%, BaO 0.071 wt%, NiO 0.0039 wt% and CaO 7.8 wt% but 11.7 wt% of common glass. The glass beads made of waste fluorescent lamp glass have the narrower particle size distribution of and the higher refractive index than the glass beads made of common glass. The optimal conditions of kiln operation for manufacturing glass beads from waste fluorescent lamp glass are 20 m/sec of ejection rate, 1.7 of air mixing ratio, and 940℃ of temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2018

The production of hyper-realistic digital rendering images has been available due to radical improvements of recent digital rendering and CGI (Computer-Generated Imagery) software technologies. The photorealism of digital architectural rendering images requires further studies and discussions in that architectural visualization becomes a foundation of other fields using digital rendering technology, such as movies, games, and VR industry. The principles for achieving photorealism on digital architectural rendering images were re-defined and detailed elements were analyzed through theoretical analysis of the former studies. Four principles were drawn from the architectural rendering images produced by newly-developed technologies: physically-accurate lighting calculations, accurate object geometry representation, realistic material and texture, and characteristics of photography. The sub-elements of those four principles are categorized into either essential or selective for photorealistic imagery and the randomness of the selective elements could explain the variety of photorealistic architectural rendering styles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.738-748
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• 2012

One of the main goals of small, medium and large farms is to improve the reproductive performance of rabbit does. Stocks of lower productivity can be improved by crossing with intensive breeds. A better nutritional status of both foetuses and suckling kits has a positive effect on their later productivity. Overfeeding young females before first mating can lead to conditions of fattiness. Using restricted feeding or higher fibre content in the feed and changing it for a higher level ad libitum feeding about one week prior to first mating leads to longer lifespan and higher productive level. Intensive reproductive rhythm creates a negative energy balance in does : they are unable to consume enough feed (energy) for the nutritional requirements of foetus and lactation, and therefore lose most of their fat reserves. Furthermore, primiparous does also expend energy because they are still growing. Under intensive conditions, the 42-d reproductive rhythm (re-mating 11 days after parturition) is recommended. Under extensive conditions, the 18 or 25-d mating interval with 35 to 42-d weaning could be suitable. On small farms, natural mating is favoured; on large farms AI is commonly employed. The main advantage of AI is the all-in, all-out system. Hormonal (PMSG) treatment is used with AI to increase receptivity on d 11. Frequent and high level PMSG use can lead to higher anti-PMSG antibody rates. Lower level (max. 20 IU) and less frequent PMSG injection or non-hormonal alternative methods (short dam-litter separation, changing nursing method or lighting programs) are recommended for this reason.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.32-43
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• 2014

This paper presents the intra capacitance modeling according to the winding method, section bobbin and coil structure for hybrid choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of broad bands from lower frequency bands to higher frequency bands and high frequency type common-mode choke coil capable of the EMI attenuation of high frequency band used in the EMI Block of LED-TV SMPS. In case of high frequency type CM choke coil, it can be explained the parasitic capacitance of A type and section bobbin type winding methods among them is much smaller than the other. The first resonant frequency of the proposed CM choke coil tends to increase as the parasitic capacitance becomes small and its impedance characteristics also show improved performance as the first resonant frequency increases. In case of hybrid choke coil using rectangular copper wire, it has investigated its parasitic capacitance compared to CM choke coil of conventional toroidal type becomes small. Also it has confirmed through the experiment results that CE margin and RE margin in frequency bands 0.5MHz to 5MHz and 30MHz to 200MHz are respectively 10dB and 15dB greater than that of conventional type in case of one stage EMI filter structure adopting hybrid choke coil compared to two stage EMI Filter structure using two of each CM choke coil used in the lower and higher frequency bands or two of CM choke coil used in only the lower frequency bands. In the future, the hybrid choke coil and CM choke coil of high frequency type show it can be practically used in not only LED/LCD-TV SMPS but also several applications such as LED Lighting, Laptop Adapter, Server Power Supply and so on.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.8-23
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• 2011

Weeds are one of the major constraints to crop production in organic farming systems. This paper reviews major results and techniques achieved with physical, cultural, and biological weed control and their perspectives in organic agriculture. Physical methods includes mechanical, thermal, lighting, electrocution, pneumatic, autonomous robot weeding control techniques. Cultural weed control methods includes mulching, tillage, crop rotation, cover crops and crop competition. Physical and cultural weed control techniques are especially important in organic farming crops where other weed control options are limited or not available without use of herbicides. Biological weed control includes mycoherbicides, innundative biological control, broad-spectrum biological control and allelopathy. Successful weed management in organic farming requires well managed integrated systems of mechanical control using newly developed machines, cultural control and biological control methods. Weed management decision-aid models may also needed to develop to provide greater assurance of achieving profitability and appropriate long-term weed management in organic farming in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyze social phenomena and perceptions by collecting and analyzing data on public opinion, views and trends related to special case of military service in the sports community through Big KINDS operated by the Korea Press Promotion Foundation. To this end, the related keywords were derived and visualized by implementing a LDA(latent dirichlet allocation) technique to derive problems found in social phenomena based on big data analysis. The topics derived include "re-lighting special case on military service," " military service corruption controversy," "special case of military service for athletes," "alternative military service system for artists " and "parliamentary inspection of the administration" This could be used as a basic data for identifying accurate information on social controversies related to special case of military service in the sports community and drawing up practical measures that are considered in line with the principle of just and equal burden.