• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2010

Recently, many utilities have considered interim dry storage of spent nuclear fuel as an option for increasing spent fuel storage capacity. Foreign nuclear regulatory committees have provided some regulatory and licensing requirements for relatively low- and medium-burned spent fuel with respect to the prevention of spent fuel degradation during transportation and interim dry storage. In the present study, the effect of cladding creep and hydride distribution on spent fuel degradation is reviewed and performance tests with high-burned Zircaloy-4 and advanced Zr alloy spent fuel are proposed to investigate the effect of burnup and cladding materials on the current regulatory and licensing requirements. Creep tests were also performed to investigate the effect of temperature and tensile hoop stress on hydride reorientation and subsequently to examine the temperature and stress limits against cladding material failure. It is found that the spent fuel failure is mainly caused by cladding creep rupture combined with mechanical strength degradation and hydride reorientation. Hydride reorientation from the circumferential to radial direction may reduce the critical stress intensity that accelerates radial crack propagation. The results of cladding creep tests at $400^{\circ}C$ and 130MPa hoop stress performed in this study indicate that hydride reorientation may occur between 2.6% to 7.0% strain in tube diameter with a hydrogen content range of 40-120ppm. Therefore, it is concluded that hydride re-orientation behaviour is strongly correlated with the cladding creep-induced strain, which varies as functions of temperature and stress acting on the cladding.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.251-279
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• 2020

This study noted the recent impact of Coronavirus Disease-19 (Corona 19) on the environment surrounding the library, and investigated the libraries' response activities. In addition, related issues on news media and social media were detected based on text mining techniques to engage environmental changes surrounding the library. Key issues were derived from 1,852 news reports on the library related to the Corona 19 situation and 227,983 tweets related to the library during the Corona 19 epidemic. Through this, implications were derived: prolonged 'Untact' situations, increased e-book lending, improved expectations for online services and librarians, and re-conceptualized library space. In addition, the direction of future services was discussed by selecting representative examples of library services provided in the non-face-to-face (untact) situation and dividing them into books, services, and spaces.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.357-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide data for the development of a nursing intervention program by analyzing the concept of prisoner correction. From April 1st, 2016, to July 30th, the research literature on all domestic and international prisoner correction from 2011 to 2015 were searched using PubMed and NDSL RISS. 37 documents were analyzed according to conceptual analysis method procedures by Walker and Avant. In order to promote a positive attitude toward life through internal reflection of prisoner correction, individual characteristics for improvements in problem solving abilities, social adaptation abilities, re-socialization and the protection of the people and society to inmates displaying anti-social and moral behaviors that violated the law. The purpose of this study was to establish a desirable direction for prisoner correction, and provide a theoretical basis for the development of a nursing intervention program.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-28
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• 2015

Web-ads often distract users' online activities. Web-ads even deter users from comprehending the website contents. As these irritated users try to avoid web-ads, advertising agencies make web-ads even more noticeable to grasp users' attention. The factors that attract users should increase web-ad performance. However, this study confirms that those efforts irritate users and decrease web-ad performance. Also, this study shows that irritated users eventually try to avoid re-visiting the websites. This study also confirms that excessive web-ads on Internet news websites bring more confusion to users than on e-commerce websites. This finding supports the importance of more sustainable web activities on the Internet news websites as users expect objective and fair contents. Based on these results, this study proposes the directions of web-ads activities for the common good and self-interests of the stakeholders.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.21-40
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• 2012

This study is to respond to the urgent demands of both society and times on public schools in regards to training an educated person who can cope with the financial environment of this diversified modern society. Therefore, this study will explain the concept of Financial Consumer Education and its trends of several other countries. By focusing on the current state of Korean Financial Consumer Education, it will call attention to the needs of introducing Financial Consumer Education to the school curriculum in order to educate students about finance systematically. To support our viewpoint, this paper analyzed and organized the materials concerning Financial Consumer Education in two curricula (2007 and 2011 Revised National Curriculum), and in a Practical Arts (Technology Home Economics) textbook of the 2007 revised version. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the desired direction and revitalization of Financial Consumer Education by analyzing the existing curricula. Even though the content of finance education begun from one of the subcategories of consumer education called 'Financial Management,'the number of research about financial education through public education has been increased in response to the social and academic consensus. Therefore, we suggest the re-conceptualization of consumer education for financial education is necessary. Therefore, this paper suggests that Financial Consumer education in a Practical Arts (Technology Home Economics) should not be regarded as only one of the components of Consumer Education. Instead, by raising it to the status of Financial Customer Education, it is required to teach the learners to improve their personal financial management skill as well as to help them achieve financial knowledge, skill, and attitude as financial consumer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.405-408
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• 2008

The most effective factors that improve sections and elongate spans of the prestressed concrete girders are shapes of sections and strengths of concretes, and the concrete strength is more influenced to enhance the allowable tensile strength on top and bottom fibers than increasing of flexural strength of girders. In this study, 60 MPa high-strength prestressed concretes were constructed at the Wonsoo Bridge where in the 1st section of expanding constructions of the Nonsan to Junjoo Expressway, the high-strength concrete was placed on the eight- 35 meters simple span IPC girders of four lanes of Nonsan direction. During casting of girder concretes, quality controls were carried out with continuing controls of surface moistures and corrections of the unit water using the air-meter methods right after batching. It was confirmed that compressive strengths of girder concretes ensure the target strength and the heat of hydrations of girder concrete were measured. Though using same materials and constructing methods, there're a wide range of strengths of each girder, so, when high-strength concretes cast in the place hereafter, a countermove should be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1998

Mullitization in a multicomponent oxide system(alumina-kaolin-quartz-feldspar-talc) was studied as a function of sintering temperature from 1200 to 1500$^{\circ}C$ based upon a quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. In the present study mullite grew as wiskers and its formation reaction showed characteristic there stages as follows In the first stage(1255-1295$^{\circ}C$) an appreciable mullitization(nucleation) occurred while corun-dum dissolution into glass (increasing glass content ) limited the rate of the reaction. At 1295-1335$^{\circ}C$ (second state) the reaction was significantly enhanced with a considerable glass consumption and with no appreciable change in corundum content. Finally (above 1335$^{\circ}C$) the reaction rate was attenuated re-markably with an apparent decrease in glass consumption rate. The impingement of mullite whiskers by oth-er whiskers and crystals was speculated to cause mullite growth in thickness direction with a slow growth rate resulting in the diminished reaction rate in the final stage.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.6
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• pp.835-844
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• 2009

Today, most of all the query processors in the world generally use the 'Pipelining' method to acquire fast response time (first record latency) and less memory usage. Each of the operator nodes in the Query Execution Plan (QEP) provides Open(), Next(), and Close() functions for their interface to facilitate the iterator mechanism. However, the embedded database systems for the mobile devices, based on the FLASH memory, usually require a function like Previous(), which returns the previous records from current position. It is because that, in the embedded environment, the mobile devices cannot fully provide it main memory to store all the query results. So, whenever needed the previously read records the user (program) should re-fetch the previous records using the Previous() function: the BACKWARD data fetch. In this paper, I introduce the 'Direction Switching Problem' caused by the Previous() function and suggest 'Block-wise Skipping' method to fully utilize the benefits of the block-based data transfer mechanism, which is widely accepted by most of the today's relational database management systems.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.467-476
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• 2013

Freeze concentration method has advantages of high thermodynamic efficiency, low energy consumption and purified water re-use. In this study, freeze concentration waste-water system which was designed as the small and medium sized capacity was analyzed about the rate of electric power consumption and the daily treatment capacity to suggest the direction of system development. At first, power consumption and operation time of the system with fresh water precooler or without it was calculated by computer modeling and analysis. Subsequently, the change of design treatment capacity was applied to the system with fresh water cooler. As a result, the rate of electric power consumption was higher as 0.6 Wh/kg but daily treatment capacity increased in quantity as 19 % in the system with fresh water precooler. As design treatment capacity increased, the rate of electric power consumption was lower and daily treatment capacity was larger in quantity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.13-18
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• 2017

In this work the augmented safety of Type 4 composite vessel in accordance with uniform-stress design has been demonstrated through a series of burst tests and structural analyses. For this end, three sample vessels were used: (1) designed as guided by the isotensoid dome theory (called iso-dome cylinder); (2) with dome longer compared to uniform-stress design (called prolate cylinder); and (3) with dome wider than uniform-stress design (called oblate cylinder). Structural analyses have been performed using ABAQUS finite element code based on the periodic symmetry to circumferential direction. As a result, the maximum stresses are induced around the bodies of all three cylinders. However, the analyses, with the assumption of possible defect demonstrate that the maximum stresses are induced around the dome knuckles for the prolate and the oblate cylinders. The results of the burst tests for the three cylinders show that the burst initiates from the cylinder body of the iso-dome cylinder and from the dome knuckles of the prolate and the oblate cylinders. Finally, it is recommended that, to comply with DOT CFFC 2007, the dome shape should be designed and fabricated as guided by the isotensoid dome theory.