• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.30-48
• /
• 2019

The year 2018 is the $50^{th}$ anniversary of scientific ocean drilling. Nevertheless, we know more about the surface of the moon than the Earth's ocean floor. In other words, there are still no much informations about the Earth interior. Much of what we do know has come from the scientific ocean drilling, providing the systematic collection of core samples from the deep seabed. This revolutionary process began 50 years ago, when the drilling vessel Glomar Challenger sailed into the Gulf of Mexico on August 11, 1968 on the first expedition of the federally funded Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP). DSDP followed successively by Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (old IODP), and International Ocean Discovery Program (new IODP). Concerning on the results of scientific ocean drilling, there are two technological innovations and various scientific research results. The one is a dynamic positioning system, enables the drilling vessel to stay fixed in place while drilling and recovering cores in the deep water. Another is the finding of re-entry cone to replace drill bit during the drilling. In addition to technological innovation, there are important scientific results such as confirmation of plate tectonics, reconstruction of earth's history, and finding of life within sediments. New IODP has begun in October, 2013 and will continue till 2023. IODP member countries are preparing for the IODP science plan beyond 2023 and future 50 years of scientific ocean drilling. We as IODP member also need to participate in keeping with the international trend.

• Geotechnical Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 1991

The reliable estimation of pile bearing capacity is essential for the improvement of the re- liability and the cost-effectiveness of the design. There have been numerous pile bearing capacity prediction methods proposed up to now, however, execpt for the estimation made from the result of the pile loading test, not one method is appropriate for the reliable prediction. Due to the considerable time and expenses required to carry out the pile loading test, the test has seldom been utilized. The development of Simple Pile Loading Test(SPLT) which utilizes the pile skin friction as the required reaction force to cause the pile tip settlement, provides a solution to perform more pile loading tests and consequently a more economical pile design is possible. The separate measurement of skin friction and tip resistance during the course of performing SPLT provides a better understanding of the pile behavior than the result of the conventional pile loading test where only the total resistance is measured. On the other hand, there are some points to be clarified in order to apply the test results of SPLT to practical problem. They are the direction of the applied load to mobilize the skin friction and the use of reduced sized sliding core. In this research, both the SPLT and the conventional pile loading test on 406mm diameter steel pipe pile have been performed. From the result, it would be safe to use the measured SPLT skin friction value directly in the design, since the value is somewhat lower than the value measured in the conventional test. It is further assumed that the tip resistance value of the reduced sized sliding core should properly be analysed by taking the incluonce of scale effect into consideration.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2017

This research is to analyze the spatial information search features which shown by Eye fixation and movement and conducted eye tracking experiment for targeting sports shop spatial images which it are same but looks different. This is able to find out the eye movement feature according to placement of goods from the eye movement and movement distance of spatial visitor, and the result can be defined as following. First, the whole original-reverse left / right images have a higher number of observations in the [IN] area than in the [OUT] area. This is because after eye taking high observations in LA area of [IN] have been jump-over [OUT], performed search activities in low eye fixation without high eye fixation. Second, there was a difference in the frequency of the observation data as the composition of the images changed. The original image has been often fixed the eyes in LA area, and the one that has been observed for a long time is reverse left / right image. Also, fixation point was shown higher at the reverse left / right image as jump-over from [OUT] area to [IN] area. If LA area seen as reverse left / right image, it is located in right-hand side. The case where the dominant area is on the right side has a characteristic that the eye fixation is longer. This can be understand that the arrangement of products for attract the customer's attention in the commercial space might be more effective when it is on the right side. Third, the moving distance(IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT) of the sight pointed to external from LA area was long in the both original-reverse left / right images, but it is no relation with search direction([IN${\rightarrow}$OUT] [IN${\rightarrow}$OUT]) of the sight. In other words, the sight that entered in LA area can be seen as visual perception activity for re-searching after big jump-over, in the case go in to outward (OUT area) after searching for more than certain time. The fact that the moving distance of eye is relatively short in the [IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT] process considered as that the gaze that stays outside the LA area naturally enters in to LA area.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.573-587
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to analyze the effects of the manual intervention and self-corrective exercise models of general coordinative manipulation(GCM) on the balance restoration of spine & extremities joints with distortions and mal-alignment areas. The subjects were the members who visited GCM Musculoskeletal Prevent Exercise Center from March 1 2012 to December 31 2013 because of spine & extremities joints distortion and mal-alignments, poor posture, and body type correction. All subjects were diagnosed with the four types of the GBT diagnosis. And according to the standards of the mobility vs stability types of the upper & lower body, they were classified into Group 1(40 persons) and Group 2(24 persons). For every other day for three times a week, GCM intervention models were applied to all subjects for four weeks, adding up to 12 times in total. Then the balance restoration effects were re-evaluated with the same methods. The results are as follows. 1) Balance restoration effects of VASdp(Visual analysis scale pain & discomfort) and ER(Equilibrium reaction: ER) came out higher in GCM body type(GBT) II III IV of Group 1. 2) In case of balance restoration effects in Moire and postural evaluation areas, Group 1 was higher and cervical and scapular girdle were higher in Group 2. The balance restoration of the four GBT types was significant in all regions(p<.05), and the scapular girdle came out as high in the order of GBTII IV I. 3) In case of thoracic-lumbar scoliosis and head rotation facial asymmetric cervical scoliosis ribcage forward, the balance restoration effects of the upper body postural evaluation areas came out the highest in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The balance restoration effects of the four GBT types were significant in all regions(p<.05), and came out the highest in lumbar scoliosis GBTIII I, ribcage forward and thoracic scoliosis GBTII IV. 4) The balance restoration effects of the lower body postural evaluation areas came out higher in Group 1 and Group 2 for pelvis girdle deviation patella high umbilicus tilt and hallux valgus foot longitudinal arch: FLA patella direction, respectively. The balance restoration effects of the four GBT types were significant in all regions(p<.05), and came out the highest in pelvis girdle deviation GBTIII I and patella high-direction GBTIV II I. 5) The balance restoration effects between the same GBT came out significant (p<.05) in all evaluation areas and items. The conclusions of this study was the manual intervention and self-corrective exercise models of the GCM about the mal-alignment of the spine & extremities joints across the whole body indicated high balance restoration effects(p<.05) in spine & extremities joints in all evaluation areas.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2009

For the fire-fighting industry to advance, it is necessary to conduct research on which parts of the fire-fighting law should be changed from the system level, and to study the opinions of the fire-fighters whoa re working in the fire-fighting industry today, and to identify what needs to be changed. Moreover, it is necessary to become aware on the preventive measures to take to avoid fire so that the citizens can lead stable life. Design business among the fire-fighting facility business, it is the fire-fighting facility business that serves as the most basic when constructing building structure. This is an important legal matter that follows the fire-fighting business, fire-fighting audit business and even the maintenance and management business. This research sought to help the fire-fighting industry to contribute to the life of the general public and to increase welfare by identifying the problems pertaining to the fire-fighting facility design business among the fire-fighting industry so that the industry can become the fire-fighting industry that the citizens are interested in. Moreover, direction for advancement is proposed. As for the improvement measures for the fire-fighting policy pertaining to the fire-fighting facility design business, it is divided into the machinery and electricity fields in terms of the legal system pertaining to the general fire-fighting facility design business. Likewise, specialty in design is deficient. Thus, it should be integrated in a systematic level to contribute to the safety of the general public.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.23-35
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This paper attempts to identify the problems and limitations of a market maintenance project conducted according to the 「Special Act for the Development of Traditional Markets and Shopping Street」 and to present a revised direction for the special law and lay the groundwork for market maintenance projects to be promoted smoothly. Research design, data, and methodology - The revised direction for the legislation and the proposal were written based on an investigation of the problems and the legal system, and proposed measures for market maintenance operation and system improvements to derive the improvements needed for market maintenance projects. Results - A market maintenance project has been conducted as a means to reinvigorate traditional markets that are economically depressed, and to revive the local economy. It was largely conducted in the form of reconstruction and redevelopment and represents the interests of landowners and merchants. Thus, it is most likely to contribute to the gradual disappearance of traditional markets. First, as part of a market maintenance project, many companies are building multipurpose buildings or high-rise residential buildings to increase profits. In these high-rise buildings, they can raise rents, which may not be affordable for some existing small businesses. To solve such problems, the large-scale store registration requirement needs to be relaxed or abolished once the market maintenance project is completed. If the large-scale store registration requirement is to be abolished, the term 'large retail store' should be changed in the 「Special Act for the Development of Traditional Markets and Shopping Street」. After registration, the Small and Medium Business Administration should train merchants, offer consultations, and support events, to the extent that the existing traditional market management modernization project permits, and further continue to manage and support its ongoing activities. However, unless large-scale store registration is abolished, adding an exception clause in the special law to relax large-scale store registration criteria, and permitting changes to building use is another option. At the end of a market maintenance project, empty stores should be purchased by the Small and Medium Business Administration, and local government, etc., at the actual construction cost, to utilize them as public rental shopping areas, which in turn may be re-utilized as a temporary market for another market maintenance project. The second problem in market maintenance projects is merchant-protection. Currently, the special law prescribes that a temporary market be created for merchants to conduct business during the rental period of a market maintenance project. Conclusions - In reality, a market maintenance project is conducted usually in big metropolitan cities with 500,000 residents or more. The main building type created under these projects is a multipurpose building. For this reason, it is very difficult to secure a location for a temporary market in the surrounding area of such a project. To solve this problem, this study suggests 'public rental shopping areas' as mentioned above.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.491-498
• /
• 2010

Humidification of PEM fuel cells is necessary for enhancing their performance and lifetime. In this study, a humidification system was designed and tested; the system includes an air-supply tube (inner diameter: 75 mm) through which a nozzle can be directly inserted and a cyclonic separator for the removal of water droplets. Three types of nozzles were employed to study the influence of injection pressure, air flow rate, and spray direction on the humidification performance. To evaluate the humidification performance, the concept of humidification efficiency was defined. In the absence of an external heat source, latent heat for evaporation will be supplied by the own enthalpies of water and air. Thus, the amount of water sprayed from the nozzle is the most critical factor affecting the humidification efficiency. Water droplets were efficiently removed by a cyclonic separator, but re-entrainment occurred at high air flow rates. The absolute humidity and humidification efficiency were $21.29\;kJ/kg_{da}$ and 86.57%, respectively, under the following conditions: nozzle type PJ24; spray direction angle $90^{\circ}$; injection pressure 1200 kPa; air flow rate 6000 Nlpm.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.479-487
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify a potential user's need for use and operational of the elderly day care center and to identify the problems and suggest development directions. The data collection was conducted on 320 ordinary people living in J-do through a questionnaire, and sought to understand the operational status of in-depth interview institutions for the heads and employees of six center. As a result of the analysis, a potential user's ware not aware of the functions and specific roles of day care center, the cost of facilities was covered by the government, and that facilities and the environment were important factors when using the center. In-depth interviews show that the current policy or system is far from reality and does not fit the status or role of the workers and the operational status of the agency, requiring the re-establishment of the on-site system. Based on the research results, the development direction of day care facilities requires active promotion and strengthening of family support for improving and enhancing awareness of day care facilities to citizens at the national level. Second, the quality of nursing services should be enhanced through improvements in facilities and the environment that reflect users' needs. Third, The government should improve the quality of nursing services by improving the poor employment conditions and treatment of workers to fit the reality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.6
• /
• pp.527-537
• /
• 2018

Column tests of a sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) bioreactor were conducted to determine the design factors for sulfate-rich mine drainage. Various substrates were applied to the bioreactor, including cow manure and its mixture with a mushroom compost, with rice straw and limestone as subsidiary materials. This procedure provided a removal efficiency of up to 82% of the total sulfur with the mixture of cow manure (70%), mushroom compost (10%) and rice straw (20%), and higher efficiencies were observed after 2 days of retention time. In the downflow condition of the flow direction, oxygen supply and re-oxidation of the sulfates occurred, causing a decrease in sulfate removal efficiency. The addition of an inorganic sludge containing heavy metals, which was intended for production of metal-sulfides in the bioreactor, had a negative effect on the long-term operation owing to arsenic release and toxicity to the SRB. The results thus show that a bioreactor using a mixed substrate with cow manure and operating in the downflow direction could reduce sulfates and total dissolved sulfur content; this process confirms the applicability of the SRB bioreactor to sulfate-rich saline drainage.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.161-188
• /
• 2021

Libraries are experiencing numerous modifications to multifunctional spaces in response to the declaration of WHO pandemic. Most libraries throughout the globe have reported their closures, including national libraries in every country, and most established facing services have been transformed to untact services. However, the breadth of the service varies by local autonomous entity and library, making it difficult for librarians to act according to their conviction, and also users are feeling inconvenienced. As a result, this study used a user perception survey to determine the extent of non-face-to-face services in the library and to suggest the direction of operation of non-face-to-face services in a pandemic condition. To that purpose, beginning February 12, 2020, an online survey of library customers in 37 public libraries was performed for about three weeks, and the 117 replies were examined using the SPSS statistics tool to perform frequency analysis, regression analysis, correlation analysis, and reliability analysis. By the survey and data survey results, it was recommended that library services be re-established in the direction of non-face-to-face library service operation, that library non-face-to-face services be expanded, that user education be conducted, that non-face-to-face services be promoted, and that user opinions be collected.