• 한국수의병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수의병리학회 2003년도 추계학술대회초록집
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• pp.19-19
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• 2003

Osteoporosis is usually considered a disease of older women reported the rate, pattern and determinants of bone loss, far less information is available for men although it is also common in men [1,2]. The three major causes of osteoporosis in men are excessive alcohol intake, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, and hypogonadism [3,4]. In process of bone resorption, type I collagen crosslinking molecules, pyridinoline (PYD) are released into the circulation and cleared by the kidney. $^2$H$_2$O as a tracer has been applied to measure synthesis rates of slow-turnover proteins and successfully applied to bone collagen synthesis, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in rat. The objective of this study was to examine osteoporosis and alcohol-induced changes of femur and liver in post-menopausal males using the developed method. (omitted)

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2022

To determine the effect of Korean medicine treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) this study reviewed both single ingredients and bioactive compounds in the treatment of ANFH in a rat model. Literature was retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar using the keywords "femur head necrosis," "natural extract," and "rat." The data from studies analyzed included: rats' characteristics, development methods of ANFH, natural extracts administration, observation methods, and outcome indicators. Two independent researchers screened all articles retrieved and 26 studies were chosen. The most used rat species was the Sprague Dawley rat (76.9%). To induce ANFH, steroid injections (46.2%), and oral gavage (53.8%) were typically used. Studies focused mainly on factors affecting bone formation (65.3%), and apoptosis (53.8%). Research on ANFH focused on using traditional natural substances mentioned in classical literature to confirm its effectiveness against anti-inflammation, osteogenesis, and cell death. ANFH has a diverse etiology, therefore research models such as genetic analysis of human-derived samples from ANFH patients may shed more light on the condition. Moreover, research into herbal medicines and pharmacoacupuncture treatment of ANFH should precede.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1998

$TGF-{\beta}$ is one of growth factors that may be involved in the formation of bone and cartilage. Multiple studies demonstrate that $TGF-{\beta}$ is involved in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis, events observed in frature healing. The apperance of $TGF-{\beta}$ in the fracture during healing was evaluated by immunohistologic localization of $TGF-{\beta}$ using antibody. Twenty Sprauge-Dawley strain white male rats, each weiging about 150grams were used and divided two groups. The one group, the $2{\times}2mm$ bony defect was formed in the right femur. The other group, $4{\times}2mm$ bony defect was formed in right femur. Both group were sacrificed at 3day, 1, 2, 3, 4 week and femur were harvested, paraffin sections were stained with H & E, MT stain, immunihistochemical staining with $TGF-{\beta}$ antibody and observed under light microscope. The result were as follows: 1. New bone formation and cartilagenous tissue was seen at 3day. And in the $2{\times}2mm$ bony defect group, $TGF-{\beta}$ stained the cell surounding new bone. 2. The osteoclast and trabecular was seen at 1week. $TGF-{\beta}$ stained the osteoblast and in the $2{\times}2mm$ bony defect group was stained more than $4{\times}2mm$ bony defect group. 3. The lamella bone and trabecule was seen from 3, 4week, and $TGF-{\beta}$ stained almost negative. From the above finding, we could concluded that $TGF-{\beta}$ stained the osteoblast at early stage and 1week, the peak stain was seen from 1week, and then decreased, almost negative stain was seen at 3, 4week.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly becoming more prevalent worldwide together with hospital care costs from secondary complications such as bone fractures. Femoral fracture risk is higher in diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the osteometric and microarchitecture of the femur of Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) femur. Ten-week-old male rats (n=38) consisting of 16 control Sprague-Dawley (SD) and 22 ZDSD rats were used. The rats were terminated at 20 weeks and others at 28 weeks of age to assess age, diabetes duration effects and its severity. Bilateral femora were taken for osteometry, bone mass measurements and micro-focus X-ray computed tomography scanning to assess the trabecular number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), spaces (TbSp), bone tissue volume to total volume (BV/TV) and volume (BV). Diabetic rats had shorter (except for 20-weeks-old), lighter, narrower, and less robust bones than SD controls that wered more robust. Although cortical area was similar in all diabatic and control rats, medullary canal area was the largest in ZDSD rats. This means that the diabetic rats bones were short, light and hollow. Diabetic rats aged 20 weeks had reduced BV, BV/TV, TbN with more spacing (TbSp). In contrast, the 28 weeks old diabetic rats only showed reduced BV and TbN. Discriminant function analysis revealed, for the first time, that osteometric parameters and TbTh, TbN, and TbSp were affected by diabetes. This knowledge is valuable in the management of diabetic complications.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2009

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of HCB on the bone mass and its related factors in estrogen-deficient animal model. The model rats of osteoporosis showed a significant decrease in bone density, bone ash density, calcium content of femur bone. At the 14th day after ovariectomy-surgery, rats were administered with HCB, extract of Houyttnia cordata, per orally, and continued for 10 weeks. And osteoporosis related parameters were determined to investigate the effect of HCB. Osteoporotic rats showed lower serum estrogen level, higher body weight than normal rats, and showed atrophy of uterine horns.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effects of Clematidis Radix on Proteoglycan(PG) degradation by measuring of body weight, Glycosaminoglycan(GAG), Interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) in synovial fluid, and PG content of articular cartilage of femur in collagenase-induced arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of collagenase(0.1 ml) into knee joint of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken normal saline for 15 days and treated group was taken extracts of Clematidis Radix for same duration. Normal group(n=8) was injected with normal saline and was taken normal saline for 15 days. Body weight was measured at 0, 10, 15 days after injection. GAG, $IL-1{\beta}$ in synovial fluid were measured with ELISA kit at 15 days after injection. PG content of articular cartilage of femur, represented by safranine O staining, was measured at 15 days after injection. Histopathological study on the articular cartilage of knee joint was investigated at 15 days after injection. Results : Body weight, PG of treated group, taken Clematidis Radix, were significantly increased, and GAG was significantly decreased compared with control group. But $IL-1{\beta}$ was not significantly decreased. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we concluded that Clematidis Radix has inhibiting effects on the proteoglycan degradation in collagenase-induced rat osteoarthritis model.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.264-270
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• 2005

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of red-yeast-rice on blood lipids and also to investigated the relation of blood lipids, bone related hormones, and bone mineral density in overiectomized rats. Forty female rats (body weight $210\pm5$g) were divided into two groups. The rats in the first group were ovariectomized which the others received sham operation (SHAM). And then each rat group was further divided into control diet $(casein\;20\%)$ and red-yeast-rice powder supplemented $(0.1\%)$ diet group. All rats were fed on experimental diet and deionized water ad libitum for 9 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using PIXImus in spine and femur. Bone formation and bone resorption were measured by serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks value. Serum growth hormone, IGF-1 and calcitonin were analyzed using radioimmunoassay kits. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the blood triglyceride concentration and had lower the blood total cholesterol concentration than casein group did in ovariectomized rats. And the red-yeast-rice group than casein group in ovariectomized rats. The red-yeast-rice group had significantly lower the atherogenic index than control group within the ovariectomized groups. In the experimental rats, serum total cholesterol concentration was negatively correlated with femur BMC and crosslink value. Crosslink value was negatively correlated with spine BMC and IGF-1. Osteocalcin concentration was negatively correlated with crosslink value. Growth hormone was negatively correlated with crosslink value and positively correlated with spine BMC. The findings of this study suggest that red-yeast-rices are beneficial for blood lipid in ovariectomized rats. And when considering a population-based public health approach to lowering cholesterol and bone loss, and preventing coronary heart disease and osteoporosis, the red-yeast-rice dietary supplement could provide a new approach for the maintenance of healthier cholesterol and bone.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2003

The study was performed to investigate the effects of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplementation on serum and liver lipid profiles and bone strength in ovariectomized female rats. Female Spraque-Dawley rats were assigned into 4 groups of ovariectomized (O), isoflavone (0.085 mg/100 g b.w/day) in ovariectomized rats, grape seed oil in ovariectomized rats and isoflavone and/or grape seed oil in ovariectomized rats. After 8 weeks, biochemical profiles of serum, liver and bone were analyzed. Total food intakes, body weight gains and FER (food efficiency ratio) were not statistically significantly different among groups. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels in serum were decreased by fed of isoflavone and/or grape seed oils. However, crude lipid and total cholesterol contents in liver were not affect of isoflavone and/or grape seed oil. The hepatic glutathione contents were increased by isoflavone and/or grape seed oil fed. The hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity in isoflavone and/or grape seed oil supplemented groups were higher than that O group. Bone (scapular and femur bone) dry weight, femur of max weight and bending strength were no significant difference among groups. Our finding suggest that isoflavone/grape seed oils might have potential role for serum lipid profiles improvement and bone strength in vivo.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.541-546
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• 2001

This study examined the effect of various types of exercise on bone formation and resorption in rat. Five-week-old male Sprague-Daweley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups with 10 animals in each; Control, Treadmill, Swimming, Resistance. The exercise regimen consisted of treadmill running at 25m/min, 1 hr per day, 5 days a week, and swimming for 1 hr per day, 5 days a week. Resistant exercise type with weight-bearing was designed to extend lower and upper extremities in order to feed the diet and water. Food intake showed no significant difference among groups but body weight gain and food efficiency were significantly increased in Control group as compared with exercise groups. Femur and tibia length and weight were higher in Control group and the density of therm tended to be higher in exercise groups than Control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. The breaking force of femur was the highest in Swimming group and tibia was the highest in Resistance group among groups, while there was no signigicant difference among the exercise groups. The calcium content of femur was significantly increased in Resistance group than the other groups. Calcium intake and urinary calcium showed no significant difference among groups, while calcium absorption and retention were significantly higher in exercise group than Control group. In conclusion, exercise training enhanced bone formation due to the positive effect on metabolism of calcium and bone which were different according to the types of exercise. (Korean J Nutrition 34(5) : 541∼546, 2001)

• 약학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.495-504
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• 2005

In our study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomized in female Sprague-Daweley rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the postmenopausal Type I pattern was examined by using the experimental substance soybeans and arrowroot. After ovariectomy; the amount of estrogen was found to be reduced by 21.37$\%$ and it showed the tendency to be increased by 4.49$\%$ in T1 (extraction of soybeans group) and 7.62$\%$ in T2 (extraction of ferment soybeans group). The change of bone density, 14 weeks after ovariectomy in the femur, was decreased by 9.33$\%$ in N.C. group, and 5.46$\%$ in T3 (extraction of ferment arrowroot group). As pathological findings, the trabeculae of femur were detected to be abundant as normal and the frequency of the appearance of osteoclasts was very minimal. In the T3, the frequency of the appearance of the trabeculae of femur was increased to the level that could be distinguished. In regard to the accumulation of lipid in the bone marrow, the accumulation of lipid in the bone marrow was low as normal. However, in T3, the decrease to the level that could be distinguished was detected. In addition, in regard to the pathological findings of the uterus, normal uterine tissue findings were detected. In the T3, the minimal atrophy findings were detected. In conclusion, when the T3 was orally administered continuously for 14 weeks, it was thought that a certain proportion of the hormonal balance was maintained that functioned as a substance interfering the accumulation of fat, and it was considered to be of help in the treatment of not only osteoporosis Type I, but also for the prevention and treatment of various endocrinal diseases.