Anatomy and Cell Biology

Korean Association of Anatomists (대한해부학회)
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Diabetes disrupts osteometric and trabecular morphometric parameters in the Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat femur

  • Robert Ndou (Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University) ;
  • Vaughan Perry (Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University) ;
  • Gcwalisile Frances Dlamini (School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand)
  • Received : 2024.01.09
  • Accepted : 2024.03.05
  • Published : 2024.06.30
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasingly becoming more prevalent worldwide together with hospital care costs from secondary complications such as bone fractures. Femoral fracture risk is higher in diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the osteometric and microarchitecture of the femur of Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD) femur. Ten-week-old male rats (n=38) consisting of 16 control Sprague-Dawley (SD) and 22 ZDSD rats were used. The rats were terminated at 20 weeks and others at 28 weeks of age to assess age, diabetes duration effects and its severity. Bilateral femora were taken for osteometry, bone mass measurements and micro-focus X-ray computed tomography scanning to assess the trabecular number (TbN), thickness (TbTh), spaces (TbSp), bone tissue volume to total volume (BV/TV) and volume (BV). Diabetic rats had shorter (except for 20-weeks-old), lighter, narrower, and less robust bones than SD controls that wered more robust. Although cortical area was similar in all diabatic and control rats, medullary canal area was the largest in ZDSD rats. This means that the diabetic rats bones were short, light and hollow. Diabetic rats aged 20 weeks had reduced BV, BV/TV, TbN with more spacing (TbSp). In contrast, the 28 weeks old diabetic rats only showed reduced BV and TbN. Discriminant function analysis revealed, for the first time, that osteometric parameters and TbTh, TbN, and TbSp were affected by diabetes. This knowledge is valuable in the management of diabetic complications.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Ms Hasiena Ali provided technical assistance and the staff of the CAS at the University of the Witwatersrand provided animal husbandry. The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the SA MRC.

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