• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.41.2-41.2
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• 2010

최근 태양전지 제조비용 절감을 위해 초박형 실리콘 태양전지 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이에 따라 후면전계(Back Surface Field, BSF) 특성에 대한 관심이 높아지는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 후면의 결정방향 및 표면구조에 따라 형성되는 후면전계(BSF)의 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 후면이 절삭손상층 식각(Saw damage etching) 후 (100)면이 드러난 실리콘 기판과 텍스쳐링(Texturing) 후 (111)면이 드러난 실리콘 기판에 후면 전극을 스크린 인쇄 후 Ramp up rate을 달리 하여 소성 공정(RTP system)을 통해 후면전계(BSF)를 형성하여 비교하였다. 후면전계(BSF)의 형상과 특성만을 평가하기 위하여 염산을 이용하여 후면 전극층을 제거하였다. 후면 전극 제거 후 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscopy)과 3차원 미세형상측정기(Non-contacting optical profiler)로 후면전계(BSF)의 형상을 비교하였다. 또한 후면전계(BSF)의 특성을 평가하고자 Quasi-Steady-State Photo Conductance(QSSPC)를 사용하여 포화전류(Saturation current, $J_0$)을 측정하였고, 면저항 측정기(4-point probe)로 면저항을 측정하여 비교하였다. 후면 전계(BSF)는 (100)면과 (111)면에서 모두 Ramp up rate이 빠를수록 향상된 특성을 보였고, (111)면에서 더 큰 차이를 보였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.28-37
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• 2011

Though Korea has introduced CBP(Cost Based pool) power trading system since 2001, long-term Generation system planning has been executed by government for Cost minimization every 2 years. Until currently the model which is used for Generation system planning and best-mix only considers cost minimization and total yearly or quarterly electricity demand every year. In a view point of one day power supply operation, technical characteristics, like the ramp up/down rate of total generation system, minimum up/down time and GFRQ(Governor Free Response Quantity), are very important. this paper analyzes Optimal Fuel-Mix for 2022 Korea generation system satisfying these constraints of each fuel type and considering pump storage plants, construction cost and $CO_2$ emission charge Using MILP(Mixed Integer Linear Programming) method. Also the sensitivity analysis which follows in future power industry environmental change accomplished.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.71-82
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• 2008

W. S. CHAE, Ground Reaction Force Charateristics During Forward and Backward Walking Over 20 Degree Ramp. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 71-82, 2008. The purpose of this study was to compare GRF characteristics during forward and backward walking over 20 degree ramp. Temporal parameters, GRFs, displacement of center of pressure (DCP), and loading and decay rates were determined for each trial. The results showed that the vertical GRF in BD during RTO was significantly greater than those found in FU. This reults indicated that GRF patterns may be changed by different walking conditions and altering position of ankle, knee, and center of mass throughout the walking cycle. The DCP during $RHC_2$-LHC in antero-posterior direction for downward was smaller than the corresponding value for upward condition. It' seems that the ankle and knee joints are locked in an awkward fashion at the toe contact to compensate for imbalance. Reducing the magnitude of loading rate can be achieved by walking in the backward direction. Accordingly, the results can be a benefit if one is suffering from an impact-type injury.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.7-14
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• 2012

We frequently confront with cars interfering into our lane on the ramp. We suffered from serious traffic congestion due to the interfering cars. But the police enforcement has not done actively because it's hard to enforce. In this study, we have evaluated the systems to enforce cutting-in cars through the field test. Generally, the image processing method depends on the weather. To overcome this limitation we proposed a new algorithm combined with section detection method. In the filed test we concluded the results as follows. Whereas the violation detection rate of the general image processing was 58.2%, a new algorithm proposed by this study was 74.5%. And, an error rate enforcing vehicles that do not violate was 0.0%. Also, we can use the existing facilities, such as street light because of compact and lightweight systems which are integrated camera with controller. Therefore, we concluded that it is possible to enforce the interfering Cars using vehicle enforcement systems.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

We are developing a small-sized superconducting magnetic energy storge ($\mu$SMES) magnet with the storage capacity of a few megajoules, which provides electric power with high quality to sensitive electric loads. A kA class superconductor with a high coppe $r^erconductor ratio was selected as a candidate conductor. The superconductor was tested in two points of view, which are basic and important in development of the $\mu$SMES magnet. First, stabilities of the superconductor against localized disturbances such as wire motions were estimated by using a wire heater. Second, the quench current characteristics for different charge rates were also tested. The stability data showed that the short heat pulses made the conductor more unstable. The superconductor had relatively high recovery currents ranging between 40% and 50% of its critical currents. The quench tests indicated that the quench currents of the conductor were independent of current ramp rates up to 3000 A/s and nearly equal to its cuitical current data.ta.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.10
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• pp.179-183
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• 2000

For a ground plane in high-temperature superconducting ramp-edge junction devices, YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$/SrTiO$_3$/YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-{\delta}}$ multilayer structures were fabricated using pulsed laser deposition and ECR ion milling. Various process parameters were adjusted to enhance the device characteristics. By etching the STO layer to form a tapered edge of about 15$^{\circ}$ and in-situ RF plasma treatment of bottom YBCO surface prior to deposition of top YBCO, the top-to-bottom YBCO showed T$_c$ of 75${\sim}$80 K and I$_c$ of about 40 mA through holes. It was found that the deposition of bottom YBCO at a reduced laser repetition rate of 1Hz increased the T$_c$ of top YBCO to 79.9 K. The resistivity of 570 layer was about 10$^6$ ${\Omega}$cm at 60 K, which ensures good electrical isolation between successive YBCO layers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

The optimal method to intuitively and systematical design hypersonic intakes is reported. In Mach 7 flow condition, the hypersonic intake model designed by theoretical approach is corrected by CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis based on viscous flow condition, leading to the optimum hypersonic intake model. For performance comparison with CFD analysis, the double ramp intake is superior to the single ramp intake. Furthermore, in the off-design condition, the performance of the designed hypersonic intake is little degraded.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.59-70
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• 1998

In this study, response time index(RTI) of standard and quick response type sprinkler head are measured and compared through ramp and plunge test in heated wind tunnel. Also discharge rate and water distribution, actual delivered density(ADD), fire test with wood cribs are performed to compare the fire suppression capability and the operation time and temperature between standard and quick response type sprinkler head.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2002

A target adaptive guidance(TAG) algorithm is proposed employing the near-zone signal that can be measured from an infrared seeker. The guidance order is composed of a conventional PNG command and an additional command to be calculable from an additional LOS rate between a hot point of target and a required intercept point. The characteristic of the near-zone signal is similar to that of LOS rate that is inversely proportional to the square of time-to-go. Hence the proposed scheme can be applied to real systems with no estimator for time-to-go. From analysis results on the miss distance with perfect missile and perfect seeker, it follows that the proposed TAG algorithm guarantees missile to be ideally guided to the required intercept point. And it is less affected by the TAG start time and a proportional navigation ratio than other TAG schemes using a LOS rate such as a step bias or a ramp bias.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

As a series of studies about natural ventilation driven by wind in basement parking lots of apartment, the influence of opening size and surrounding buildings on ventilation rate was analyzed. Natural ventilation in underground parking lots almost rely on wind than temperature difference. To investigate natural ventilation driven by wind, wind tunnel tests by using scale model and tracer gas method were conducted. $CO_2$-gas concentration was measured, natural ventilation rates were calculated. The experimental results showed that the natural ventilation rate is more reliable to wind direction and surrounding building than opening size and distance between buildings. It was verified that surrounding buildings play a principal role in increasing air flow rate by accelerating wind speed, and growing turbulence intensity. And it showed that ventilation performance is able to be increased by oblique wind to entrance ramp than head on wind in underground parking lots with surrounding buildings.