• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2016

The effects of White Ginseng and Fermented Ginseng on liver damage induced by $^{60}Co$ r-ray irradiation were investigated. To one group of ICR male mice were given in White Ginseng(150 mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before 5Gy(1.01Gy/min) dose of $^{60}Co$ r-ray irradiation. To another group were given in Fermented Ginseng (150 mg/kg/day for 7days, orally)before 5Gy(1.01Gy/min)dose of $^{60}Co$ r-ray irradiation was investigated. Radiation irradiation group were given with saline(0.1 ml) and 5Gy. Contrast group were given with saline(0.1 ml). The levels of $H_2O_2$, catalase and MDA in liver tissue were measured. In Fermented Ginseng (FG+Rad) group and white Ginseng(WG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad), the catalase level were significantly increased, and the catalase levels were appeaWhite at radiation protection. It was significantly decreased to MDA and $H_2O_2$ level to Fermented Ginseng (FG+Rad) group and white Ginseng(WG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad). Therefore, Fermented Ginseng and white Ginseng were very excellent protector on radiation of liver in mice.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2011

Lab effectively supplemented the effects of outside radiation on image plates in the process of image acquisition of CR (computed radiography) systems and conducted for effective utilization in the case of clinical application. For this, Lab classified the storage places and time periods of image plates and compared and analyzed the differences between small dark spots. Lab also assessed the concentration distribution within the boundaries of images. Lab compared and measured the number of dark spots in a light room and a dark room depending on the storage places of image plates and found that dark spots slightly increased in an image plate when stored in a light room on the first and second days. Dark spots increased in proportion to the length of time stored. In the case of the image plate stored in a dark room, the number of dark spots remarkably decreased. With regard to picture quality as related to the location of image plates, the damage to picture quality could be reduced by locating regions of interest in the center. With regard to differences in sharpness following changes in the thickness of subjects, fewer scatter rays occurred and sharpness improved by reducing the thickness of subjects as much as possible. To get medical images of excellent quality, image plates should be managed effectively and it is desirable to keep images plates in dark iron plate boxes and not to expose them to outside radiation for a long time.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

We can and must improve the diagnostic images using available knowledge and technology. At the same time we must strive to reduce the patient's integral and entrance radiation dose. Reducing the integral dose to the patient during the radiologic procedure is a primary concern of the patient, especially the pediatric patient, the radiologist and the technologist. A 100cm focal film distance generally is used for most over-table radiography. The early x-ray tubes and screen film combinations required long exposures, which often resulted in motion artifacts. But nowaday, we have the generators and x-ray tubes that can deliver the energy necessary in a very short time and the receptors that can record the information just as rapidly. And, we performed this studies to evaluate the patient exposure dose and the image quality by increasing focal film distance in diagnostic radiography. There are many factors which affected to exposure factor, but we studied to verify of FFD increase, only. Effect of increasing the focal film distance to a 140 cm distance was tested as follows; 1. The focal film distances were set at 100, 120, and 140cm. 2. A 18cm acryl(tissue equivalent) phantom was placed on the table top. 3. An Capintec 192 electrometer with PM 05 ion chamber was placed at the entrance surface of the phantom, and exposure were made at each focal film distances. 4. The procedure was repeated in the same manner as above except the ion chamber was placed beneath the phantom at the film plane. 5. Exit exposure were normalize to 8mR for each portions of the experiment. Based on the success of the empirical measurements, a detailed mathematical analysis of the dose reduction was performed using the percent depth dose data. The results of this study can be summerized as followings ; 1) Increasing FFD from 100 cm to 140 cm, we would create a situation that would have a significant effect on the overall quality of radiograph and achive the 17.42% reduction of entrance dose and the 18.95% reduction of integral dose that the patient receives. 2) Thickness of Al step wedge for equal film density increased with the long distance. 3) Increasing FFD, Magnification of image was lowered. 4) Resolution of image also increased with the FFD. As the results described above, we strongly recommend using the long FFD to provide better information for our patients and profession in abdomen radiographic studies.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1998

We analyzed image factors to determine the characteristic factors that need for intelligent replenishment system of the auto film processor. We processed the serial 300 sheets of radiographic films of chest phantom without replenishment of developing and fixation replenisher. We took the digital data by using film digitizer which scaned the films and automatically summed up the pixel values of the films. We analyzed characteristic curves, average gradients and relative speeds of individual film using densitometer and step densitometry. We also evaluated the pH of developer, fixer, and washer fluid with digital pH meter. Fixer residual rate and washing effect were measured by densitometer using the reagent methods. There was no significant reduction of the digital density numbers of the serial films without replenishment of developer and fixer. The average gradients were gradually decreased by 0.02 and relative speeds were also gradually decreased by 6.96% relative to initial standard step-densitometric measurement. The pHs of developer and fixer were reflected the inactivation of each fluid. The fixer residual rates and washing effects after processing each 25 sheets of films were in the normal range. We suggest that the digital data are not reliable due to limitation of the hardware and software of the film digitizer. We conclude that average gradient and relative speed which mean the film's contrast and sensitivity respectively are reliable factors for determining the need for the replenishment of the auto film processor. We need more study of simpler equations and programming for more intelligent replenishment system of the auto film processor.

• Neurospine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2018

Objective: This study is aimed to investigate whether surgical strategies for adult spinal deformity (ASD) treatment differed among Korean physicians. Methods: This study is retrospective questionnaire-based study. ASD is challenging to manage, with a broad range of clinical and radiological presentations. To investigate possible nationality- or ethnicity-related differences in the surgical strategies adopted for ASD treatment, the International Spine Study Group surveyed physicians' responses to 16 cases of ASD. We reviewed the answers to this survey from Korean physicians. Korean orthopedic surgeons (OS) and neurosurgeons (NS) received a questionnaire containing 16 cases and response forms via email. After reviewing the cases, physicians were asked to indicate whether they would treat each case with decompression or fusion. If fusion was chosen, physicians were also asked to indicate whether they would perform 3-column osteotomy. Retrospective chi-square analyses were performed to investigate whether the answers to each question differed according to training specialty or amount of surgical experience. Results: Twenty-nine physicians responded to our survey, of whom 12 were OS and 17 were NS. In addition, 18 (62.1%) had more than 10 years of experience in ASD correction and were assigned to the M10 group, while 11 (37.9%) had less than 10 years of experience and were assigned to the L10 group. We found that for all cases, the surgical strategies favored did not significantly differ between OS and NS or between the M10 and L10 groups. However, for both fusion surgery and 3-column osteotomy, opinions were divided regarding the necessity of the procedures in 4 of the 16 cases. Conclusion: The surgical strategies favored by physicians were similar for most cases regardless of their training specialty or experience. This suggests that these factors do not affect the surgical strategies selected for ASD treatment, with patient clinical and radiological characteristics having greater importance.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.441-454
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• 2018

Since the permanent shutdown of Kori Unit 1 in 2017, a full-scale decommissioning project for a commercial nuclear reactor has been approaching. It is estimated that about 160,000 t of low-activity concrete waste will be produced from decommissioning of one unit of this commercial nuclear power reactor. Accordingly, it is necessary to review whether the effectiveness of the current regulatory framework for clearance waste (i.e. waste stream that meets activity concentration guidelines or dose criteria for clearance set forth in NSSC Notice No. 2017-65) can be maintained for the clearance of a bulk amount of concrete waste. In this regard, the IAEA SRS No. 44, which was used as a basis for revision of the Korean clearance regulations, is thoroughly analyzed and the radiological effects from four different clearance scenarios, along with input values and parameters derived from industrial practices in Korea, were evaluated. Though it is shown that the maximum annual dose from most recycling scenarios will be less than the clearance dose criterion for the normal scenario (i.e. an order of magnitude of $0.01mSv{\cdot}y^{-1}$), the radiation dose, estimated with conservative assumptions for the banking scenario, may exceed the above clearance dose criteria. Therefore, for safe and sustainable clearance of the bulk amount of concrete waste, it is required to diversify the concrete waste processors, perform more detailed site-specific assessment, and apply limiting conditions to the banking scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.763-768
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• 2018

Although the development of radiation therapy techniques has made the treatment more precise, exposure by radiation is unavoidable beyond the treatment site. In this study, we wanted to evaluate the absorbed dose according to the thickness of the bolus on the opposite side of the treatment in radiation treatment for breast cancer and to analyze the effect of dose reduction. An experiment was conducted on Rando phantom using VMAT treatment methods. Five points of A, B, C, D, and E were selected for the breast opposite the treatment, and when the dosimeters of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm were used. The highest absorbed dose at point D closest to the treatment point was measured and lowest at point B furthest from the treatment point. The mean absorbed dose was 8.61 cGy When the bolus is not used and 8.10, 7.94, 8.06, and 8.10 cGy Depending on the thickness of the bolus. In this study, bolus was intended to be used to analyze the dose-reducing effects of breasts on the other side of the treatment. The results of the study showed the effect of dose reduction and the appropriate bolus thickness should be set up to reduce the dose in normal tissues.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to consider usefulness of using AEC mode and importance of patient center location in L-spine lateral radiography by comparing dose and image quality according to the change of patient center location with using AEC mode or not. In this study, guide wire is attached to the human body phantom's lumbar spine and the lead ruler is attached to the bottom of the wall detector to find out center location in detector. ESD, mAs, and EI were selected as dose factors, and image quality was compared through SNR. With the lumbar spine located center of the detector, dose factors and image quality were compared according to using AEC mode or not. Afterwards, phantom moved 4 cm and 8 cm back and forth and compared dose factors and image quality. The exposure parameters were 85 kVp, 320 mA, x-ray field size 10×17 inch, and the distance between the center X-ray and the detector was fixed at 100 cm. The center X-ray was perpendicular to the fourth lumbar spine and the only bottom AEC chamber was used. All data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANOVA. As a result of this study, with AEC when the center is matched, ESD was 1.31±0.01 mGy, without AEC was 2.12±0.01 mGy. SNR was shown to be 22.81±1.83, and 23.44±1.87 respectively. When the phantom's center moves 4 cm, 8 cm forward, and 4 cm, 8 cm backward, ESD were 1.09±0.004 mGy, 0.32±0.003 mGy, 1.19±0.017 mGy, 1.11±0.006 mGy respectively, SNR were 18.29±0.60 dB, 11.11±0.22 dB, 18.98±0.80 dB, 17.71±0.82 dB. Using AEC in L-spine lateral radiography reduced ESD by 38%, EI by 35%, and mAs by 38%, without any difference in SNR(p<0.05). When the phantom's center moves 4 cm, 8 cm forward, and 4 cm, 8 cm backward, ESD was decreasing each 16%, 75%, 9%, 15%, EI was decreasing each 14%, 77%, 15%, 20%, mAs was decreasing each 15% 75% 9%, 15%. SNR was decreasing each 19%, 51%, 17%, 22%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.337-344
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• 2021

Coronary artery calcification is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome, and several studies have already reported that coronary artery calcification score are closely related to the amount of atherosclerotic plaques. This study was conducted on 109 patients who underwent coronary calcium CT who visited the comprehensive health examination center in Daegu city during the period from December 2020 to February 2021. we would like to investigate the relationship between coronary artery calcification score and blood factors. As a result of the study, the abnormal group increased the risk of calcification by 1.113 times compared to the normal group in the waist circumference factor. In the fasting glucose factor, the abnormal group increased the risk of calcification by 1.036 times compared to the normal group, and in the triglyceride factor, the abnormal group was normal. As the risk of calcification increased 1.008 times compared to the group, the waist circumference factor, fasting glucose factor, and triglyceride factor were found to be factors affecting coronary artery calcification score. The risk of developing calcification is primarily associated with waist circumference, anemia and triglycerides, and health care and health checks are expected to help reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and reduce medical costs.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.571-579
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• 2020

This study was attempted to identify the analysis of educational needs and correlation between knowledge and attitude of radiation protection among emergency medical services students for life care to recognize the importance of radiation protection and provide the basic data for developing personalized educational programs for safety management in radiation protection for emergency medical services students. The result showed that the correlation between knowledge about radiation protection and attitude toward it, there was a positive correlation between attitude score and knowledge score regarding the radiation protection (r=.472, p<.000). In participation intention into the education about the radiation protection, 82% of the responders said that they had participation intention. In time when they are to be educated, 2nd graders was the highest at 54.9%, in instructional method, lecture with audiovisual materials was the highest at 59.04%, and in lecturer, radiological technologist was the highest at 77.45%. It could be found from such findings that emergency medical services students' life care of education needs for radiation protection and participation intention were high and concluded that safety management educational program development for radiation protection is required with accurate knowledge about radiation protection and positive attitude and to increase the educational effects, radiological technologist's utilizing the audiovisual materials for instruction is the most effective.