• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.361-371
• /
• 2000

The 123Te(p,n)123I, 124Te(p,n)124I and 124Te(p,2n)123I reactions, among the many reaction channels opened, are the major reactions under consideration from a diagnostic purpose because reaction residuals as the gamma emitters are used for most radiophamaceutical applications involving radioiodine. Based on the available experimental data, the absorption cross sections and elastic scattering angular distributions of the proton-induced nuclear reaction on Te isotopes below 60 MeV are calculated using the optical model code APMNK. The transmission coefficients of neutron, proton, deuteron, trition and alpha particles are calculated by CUNF code and are fed into the GNASH code. By adjusting level density parameters and the pair correction values of some reaction channels, as well as the composite nucleus state density constants of the pre-equilibrium model, the production cross sections and energy-angle correlated spectra of the secondary light particles, as well as production cross sections and energy distributions of heavy recoils and gamma rays are calculated by the statistical plus pre-equilibrium model code GNASH. The calculated results are analysed and compared with the experimental data taken from the EXFOR. The optimized global optical model parameters give overall agreement with the experimental data over both the entire energy range and all tellurium isotopes.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 1975

3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (T$_3$) 및 Thyroxine(T$_4$)의 요오드 동위원소 교환표지에 어서는 T$_3$:I$_2$ 또는 T$_4$:I$_2$의 몰비, PH, 반응시간 둥이 중요인자 임을 알수 있었다. T$_3$ 및 T$_4$를 평균 45%, 50%로 각각 표지할 수 있는 개량될 표지반응 조건 및 전 반응생성물을 씰리카 젤 박판과 클로로포름, 메탄올, 암모니아 둥을 전개용매로 사용하는 박층크로마토그래피로 신속 간편하게 분리, 정제하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제47권7호
• /
• pp.827-837
• /
• 2015

Following a severe accident in a nuclear power plant, iodine is a major contributor to the potential health risks for the public. Because the amount of iodine released largely depends on its volatility, iodine's behavior in containment has been extensively studied in international programs such as International Source Term Programme-Experimental Program on Iodine Chemistry under Radiation (EPICUR), Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)-Behaviour of Iodine Project, and OECD-Source Term Evaluation and Mitigation. Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) has joined these programs and is developing a simplified, stand-alone iodine chemistry model, RAIM (Radio-Active Iodine chemistry Model), based on the IMOD methodology and other previous studies. This model deals with chemical reactions associated with the formation and destruction of iodine species and surface reactions in the containment atmosphere and the sump in a simple manner. RAIM was applied to a simulation of four EPICUR tests and one Radioiodine Test Facility test, which were carried out in aqueous or gaseous phases. After analysis, the results show a trend of underestimation of organic and molecular iodine for the gas-phase experiments, the opposite of that for the aqueous-phase ones, whereas the total amount of volatile iodine species agrees well between the experiment and the analysis result.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.1717-1722
• /
• 2021

This study is devoted to the ability of carbon fiber material samples impregnated with various amounts of barium iodide and triethylenediamine to remove radioactive methyliodide from air streams. The main sorption characteristics of impregnated UVIS® carbon fiber were determined and the use of this material for purifying of technological gas flows at nuclear power plants was evaluated. The methyliodide trapping efficiency by samples impregnated with barium iodide, TEDA, and their mixture was 83.4 ± 0.8%; 93.1 ± 0.6% and 93.5 ± 0.7% respectively, under the same conditions. The study established a significantly higher capacity (8.3 ± 0.07 mg/cm²) of samples impregnated simultaneously with both chemical compounds toward methyliodide. Under the same test conditions, the values of this parameter for the samples impregnated separately with TEDA and BaI₂ were 2.85 ± 0.05 mg/cm² and 0.86 ± 0.04 mg/cm², respectively.

• International journal of thyroidology
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.78-81
• /
• 2018

Lenvatinib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, is a valuable treatment option for advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, severe treatment-related adverse events occur up to 30% of the patients receiving lenvatinib, making it a challenge for clinicians to maintain this drug and therefore affecting the outcome of therapy. Blood vessel related events, such as hypertension or proteinuria, are among the most frequent adverse events. We present a case of 65-year-old man with radioactive iodine refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastasis and tracheal invasion receiving lenvatinib who developed proteinuria and worsening of hypertension. Management with repeated dose reductions and using supportive medications allowed this patient to continue lenvatinib with his disease stably controlled. Early detection of patients at risk for these adverse events and cautious administration of lenvatinib at appropriate level are crucial in managing patients receiving lenvatinib.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.1519-1523
• /
• 2021

Radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) released from nuclear power plants has been a critical environmental concern for workers. The effective trapping of radioactive iodine isotopes from the off-gas stream generated from nuclear facilities is an important issue in radioactive waste treatment systems evaluation. Numerous studies on retaining methyl iodide (CH₃I¹³¹) by impregnated activated carbons under the high content of moisture have been extensively studied so far. But there have been no good results on how to remove methyl iodide at high humid conditions up to now. A new challenge is to introduce other promising impregnating chemical agents that are able to uptake enough radioactive methyl iodide under high humid conditions. In order to develop a good removal efficiency to control radioiodine gas generated from a high humid process, activated carbons (ACs) impregnated with triethylene diamine (TEDA) and qinuclidine (QUID) were prepared. In addition, the removal efficiencies of the activated carbons (ACs) under humid conditions up to 95% RH were evaluated by applying the standard method specified in ASTM-D3808. Quinuclidine impregnated activated carbon showed a much higher decontamination factor above 1,000, which is enough to meet the regulation index for the iodine filters in nuclear power plants (NPPs).

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2008

목적: 최근 조기건강검진에 대한 관심의 고조와 환경의 변화로 분화 갑상선암 진단 후 갑상선제거수술 및 고용량 방사성옥소 치료가 필요한 환자가 증가하고 있다. 저자들은 분화 갑상선암으로 진단 받고 갑상선제거 수술을 받은 환자에서 최초 고용량 방사성옥소 치료시 적절한 투여용량을 결정하는데 있어 병리적 병기소견이나 혈청 갑상선 글로불린치가 I-123 전신 스캔을 대신할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 갑상선 전절제술과 중앙 및 주변 림프절 제거술 후에 분화 갑상선암으로 진단 받은 환자 중에서 1차 고용량 방사성옥소 치료 전에 I-123 전신스캔을 시행한 58명(남:녀=13:45, 나이 $44.5{\pm}11.5$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 병리적 병기(T, N stage)는 2002 AJCC 기준에 따라 구분하였으나 나이에 따른 분류는 하지 않았다. 갑상선호르몬 중지 후 혈청 갑상선자극호르몬, 갑상선 글로불린과 갑상선글로불린항체 측정 및 I-123전신 및 국소영상(5 mCi 경구투여 후 24시간)을 얻었다. I-131 방사성옥소 치료는 I-123 스캔 결과에 따라 100 mCi에서 250 mCi 용량으로 시행하고, 치료용량과 병리적 병기, 혈청 갑상선글로불린치와의 관계를 비교하였다. 결과: I-131을 사용한 고용량 방사성옥소 치료는 5명(8.6%)에서 100 mCi, 43명(74.1%)에서 150 mCi, 6명(10.3%)에서 180 mCi. 3명(5.2%)에서 200 mCi, 1명(1.7%)에서 250 mCi로 각각 시행하였다. 병리적 병기에 따른 방사성옥소 치료용량은 stage I (n=9) $154{\pm}25\;mCi$, stage II (n=4), $175{\pm}50\;mCi$, Stage III (R=38); $149{\pm}21\;mCi$, Stage IV (n=7); $161{\pm}20\;mCi$을 보여 병리적 병기 증가와 치료용량 증가와는 유의한 상관성은 없었다. (p=0.169) 혈청 갑상선글로불린치에 따른 방사성옥소 치료용량은 2 ng/mL를 보인 군에서 $149{\pm}26 \;mCi$, 2 ng/mL이상 5 ng/mL 미만을 보인 군에서 $156{\pm}17\;mCi$, 5 ng/mL이상 10 ng/mL 미만을 보인 군에서 $156{\pm}13\;mCi$, 10 ng/mL이상 50 ng/mL 미만을 보인 군에서 $147{\pm}24 \;mCi$, 50 ng/mL이상을 보인 군에서 $175{\pm}42\;mCi$를 보여 혈청 갑상선글로불린치와 방사성옥소치료용량과는 유의한 상관성이 없었다. (p=0.252) 결론: 분화 갑상선암으로 갑상선 전절제술 후에 최초 고용량 방사성옥소 치료용량을 결정하는데 병리적 병기나 혈청 갑상선글로불린 수치가 I-123 전신 스캔을 대신하기는 어려울 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2017

The combination of nanoparticle with radioisotope could give the in vivo information with high sensitivity and specificity. However, radioisotope labeling of nanoparticle is very difficult and radioisotopes have different physicochemical properties, so the radioisotope selection of nanoparticle should be carefully considered. $^{18}F$ was first option to be considered for labeling of nanoparticle. For the labeling of $^{18}F$ with nanoparticle, Prosthetic group is widely used. Iodine, another radioactive halogen, is often used. Since radioiodine isotopes are various, they can be used for different imaging technique or therapy in the same labeling procedures. $^{99m}Tc$ can easily be obtained as pertechnatate ($^{99m}{TcO_4}^-$) by commercial generator. Ionic $^{68}Ga$ (III) in dilute HCl solution is also obtained by generator system, but $^{68}Ga$ can be substituted for $^{67}Ga$ because of the short half-life (67.8 min). $^{64}Cu$ emits not only positron but also ${\beta}-particle$. Therefore $^{64}Cu$ can be used for imaging and therapy at the same time. These radioactive metals can be labeled with nanoparticle using the bifunctional chelator. $^{89}Zr$ has longer half-life (78.4 h) and is used for the longer imaging time. Unlike different metals, $^{89}Zr$ should use the other chelate such as DFO, 3,4,3-(LI-1,2-HOPO) or DFOB.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2001

Serum thyroglobulin measurement and I-131 whole-body scintigraphy (WBS) are well-established methods for the detection of recurrence in the follow-up of patients with thyroid carcinoma. However, inconsistent results are observed frequently, and these two methods are not always able to detect recurrence. In some patients, serum thyroglobulin level is elevated but the WBS is negative, because the recurrent tumor is too small and below the sensitivity of the diagnostic scan, or there is a dissociation between thyroglobulin synthesis and the iodine frapping mechanism. In such cases, various nuclear imaging methods including Tl-201 Tc-99m-sestamibi, and F-18-FDG PET can be used besides anatomical imaging methods. Among them, FDG PET localizes recurrent lesions in WBS-negative thyroid carcinoma with high accuracy. Several studies have suggested that empirical high-dose I-131 therapy resulted in a high rate of visualization in post-therapy scans with evidence of subsequent improvement. An important question is when to operate on patients with recurrent tumor. We believe that surgical removal is the best means of treatment for patients with localized persistent tumor, despite the high-dose I-131 therapy. with tumor in thyroid remnant, and with isolated recurrence in the lymph node, lung or bone. In addition, we recommend palliative resection of locally unresectable mass with subsequent treatment with high-dose I-131 therapy. Before I-131 therapy, the evaluation of sodium-iodide symporter expression in thyroid carcinoma can predict iodine uptake. Retinoic acid is known to induce redifferentiation, and to enhance I-131 uptake in thyroid carcinoma. Retinoic acid therapy may represent an alternative approach before high-dose I-131 therapy.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제11권8호
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 병원 내 일반 공용화장실과 핵의학 전용화장실내의 방사성 표면오염도를 측정하였다. 측정방법은 Berthold(LB 124, Germany)을 이용하여 화장실 입구, 대변기 안, 대변기 주위바닥, 소변기 안, 소변기 주위바닥에서 측정하였다. 화장실 사용실태 결과 3곳의 병원 중 1곳의 병원에서 방사성동위원소를 투여 받은 환자가 대기하는 전용장소가 없었다. 방사성동위원소 전용 화장실을 측정한 결과 방사성옥소 치료병실에서 모든 측정 장소가 가장 높게 측정되었고, 공용화장실을 측정한 결과는 B병원을 제외한 모든 병원의 측정 장소에서 백그라운드 수준의 오염도를 나타냈다. 하지만 B병원의 1층 공용화장실 소변기 안, 소변기 주위바닥에서 8.073 Bq/㎠, 6.426 Bq/㎠으로 측정되었다. 따라서 환자들에게 방사선피폭의 위험성을 설명하고, 환자가 대기할 수 있는 장소를 마련할 것을 권고 한다. 그리고 방사성동위원소를 투여 받은 환자는 불필요한 이동과 일반 공용화장실을 사용하지 못하도록 하는 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.