• 한국동물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1960

A method for determination of thyroid secretion rate in rabbit by means of radioactive iodine presented. After injection of radioactive iodine, in vivo determination so f radioactivity in thyroid gland were made during a 19 day-experimental period. In the same period blood samples were drawn and analyzed for protein-bound iodine (PBI) and for protein-bound radioactive iodine(PBI181). A rate constant for secretion of thyroid hormone was calculated from the disappearance rate of radioactive iodine in thyroid gland. The secretion rate of radioactive hormone iodine was calculated by multiplying this rate constant by the amount of radioactive iodine present in thyroid gland. Assuming that the specific radioactiveness of the circulating thyroid hormone and of the hormone just secreted were identical , thyroid secretion rate was calculated by the equation. {{{{ { Secreted hormone-iodine , gamma /hr} over { Secreted hormone-I^131, % dose/hr }= { PBI, ${\gamma}$/ml.Serum} over { PBI^131 , % dose/ml . Serum } }} The method presented consisted of measurements for series of independent criteria on thyroid function, and the resulting thyroid secretion rate was calculated by combination of those.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to identify the symptom severity, interference and their psychological predictors in thyroid cancer patients hospitalized for radioactive iodine administration. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven thyroid cancer patients admitted to the isolation room for Iodine ($I^{131}$) therapy were recruited. Subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire on core symptoms, thyroid cancer symptoms, interference, depression and state anxiety in the evening after receiving radioactive iodine therapy. Data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS vs. 19. Results: Lack of appetite, drowsiness, sleep disturbance, fatigue, and nausea were the 5 most core symptoms. More than 20% of patients experienced moderate to severe thyroid cancer symptoms including feeling cold, hoarseness, swallowing difficulty, and feeling hot. More than 30% of subjects experienced moderate to severe interferences in mood, general activity, and 22% in walking. Depression and state anxiety were identified as predictors of core symptoms, thyroid symptom severity and interference. Conclusion: Nursing interventions to reduce the symptom severity and interference need to be developed by considering thyroid cancer patients' depression and anxiety when hospitalized in the isolation room for radioactive iodine administration.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 1976

Thyroid hormone의 생합성반응기작을 알아보기 위하여 방사선 I-131을 쥐에 주사한 후 thyroid gland을 분리하여 분석하였다. Pancreatin viokase를 처리하여 분리한 요드화합물을 여지 크로마토그라피로 분리 동정하고 이를 radioautography로 분석한 결과 I-131은 주사후 바로 쥐의 체내에서 흡수되어 monoiodotyrosine이 되고 이것은 diiodotyrosine으로 전환됨을 관찰하였다. 실험결과는 diiodotyrosine은 thyroxine 생합성에 있어서 중간생성물이나 반면 triiodothyronine은 오히려 분해산물임을 보여 주었다. 또한 환원제인 propylthiouracil을 투여한 쥐에서 iodine의 체내집적현상(Iodine Pump)은 현저히 증가하였으나 유기 요도화합물을 전환되는 것을 저하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1975

53 patients with hyperthyroidism have been analyzed with special reference to therapeutic response to radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) treatment. Mean effective half-life, 24 hour uptake rate and radiation dose of $^{131}I$ in hyperthyroid patients included in this study were respectively. 1. Mean effective half-life of $^{131}I\;was\;4.7{\pm}1.5$ days in the tracer dose and $5.0{\pm}1.5$ days in the therapeutic dose. 2. Mean 24 hour uptake rate of $^{131}I\;was\;72.7{\pm}11.1%$ in the tracer dose and $73.4{\pm}12.3%$ in the theapeutic dose. 3. Mean radiation dose of $^{131}I\;was\;5,319{\pm}2,648$ RAD as predicted and $5,692{\pm}2,843$ RAD as actual. A single dose of radioactive iodine treatment was satisfactory in 34 patients (radioiodine sensitive) and multiple doses of radioactive iodine treatments were required in 19 patients (radioiodine resistant). A radioiodine resistant group of patients with hyperthyroidism was distinctively characteristic in the following aspects. 1. Mean thyroid weight calculated in the resistant group ($63.9{\pm}14.0gm$) was significantly (p<0.01) greater than that of the sensitive group ($46.6{\pm}13.3gm$). 2. Mean 24 hour uptake rate of the tracer dose in the resistant group ($67.3{\pm}10.7%$) was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of the sensitive group ($75.7{\pm}10.5%$). 3. Mean 24 hour uptake rate of the therapeutic dose in the resistant group ($68.5{\pm}13.7%$) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the sensitive group ($76.1{\pm}10.9%$). 4. Mean predicted radiation dose, of $^{131}I$ in the resistant group ($3,684{\pm}1,745$ RAD) was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of the sensitive group ($6,232{\pm}2,683$ RAD). 5. Mean actual radiation dose of $^{131}I$ in the resistant group ($4,100{\pm}1,691$ RAD) was significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of the sensitive group ($6,582{\pm}3,024$ RAD). 6. No significant difference was detected in terms of effective half-life of $^{131}I$ among the groups (p>0.05). 7. The average mean % difference of effective half-life, uptake rate and radiation dose measured following the tracer and therapeutic dose of $^{131}I$ were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Therefore effective half-life, uptake rate and radiation dose of the therapeutic dose of $^{131}I$ were readily predictable following the tracer dose of $^{131}I$. 8. It is concluded that the possibility of resistance to radioactive iodine treatment may be anticipated in patients with thyroid gland large in size and compromised $^{131}I$ uptake rate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1355-1363
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• 2018

Many radionuclides exist in normal environment and artificial radionuclides also can be detected. The radionuclides ($^{131}I$) are widely used for labeling compounds and radiation therapy. In Korea, the radionuclide ($^{131}I$) is produced at the Radioisotope Production Facility (RIPF) at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute in Daejeon. The residents around the RIPF assume that $^{131}I$ detected in environmental samples is produced from RIPF. To ensure the safety of the residents, the radioactive concentration of $^{131}I$ near the RIPF was investigated by monitoring environmental samples along the Gap River. The selected geographical places are near the nuclear installation, another possible location for $^{131}I$ detection, and downstream of the Gap River. The first selected places are the "front gate of KAERI", and the "Donghwa bridge". The second selected place is the sewage treatment plant. Therefore, the Wonchon bridge is selected for the upstream of the plant and the sewage treatment plant is selected for the downstream of the plant. The last selected places are the downstream where the two paths converged, which is Yongshin bridge (in front of the cogeneration plant). In these places, environmental samples, including sediment, fish, surface water, and aquatic plants, were collected. In this study, the radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) detection along the Gap River will be investigated.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2018

국내 의료기관의 방사성옥소(I-131) 사용과 관련하여 배수 중 방사능농도가 원자력안전법의 허용치를 초과한 사례가 발견되어, 원인 분석 및 배수 중 방사능농도 분석을 통해 주변 환경 공공수역에 대한 관계를 평가하여 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 2014년 11월 1일부터 2015년 4월 30일까지 6개월에 걸쳐 국내 20개 병원을 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 HpGe 감마선 분광 측정기(Canberra DSA1000)를 사용하였으며, 분석방법으로는 GENIE-2000 Analysis을 이용하여 방사성옥소의 배수 중 방사능농도를 측정하여 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 7개 기관이 I-131 배수 중 배출관리 기준을 초과하였음을 확인하였으며, 20개 병원의 평균 배수 중 방사능 농도는 $4.21E+4 Bq/m^3$로 나타났다. 방사능농도가 높은 병원의 특징으로는 I-131을 이용한 다수의 외래환자 진료 건수, 외래전용 화장실의 부재로 확인되었다. I-131 whole body scan 전 반드시 소변을 보게 하는 과정에서 체내에 잔류한 I-131이 배출되는 것으로 판단된다. 공공수역 내 배수 중 방사능 농도가 초과 검출되는 원인으로는 진료용 방사성옥소라 판단되며, 저용량 투여환자 외래전용 화장실 설치와 안전관리 지침서 제공 및 교육 강화의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 배수 중 배출관리기준과 관련하여 법적, 제도적 관리 체계 구축이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.436-442
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• 1998

Radioactive iodine treatment has been widely used for nearly 50 years in the treatment of thyroid cancer to ablate residual thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy and to treat metastatic disease. Leukemia is a rare complication associated with the radioactive iodine therapy. The occurrence of leukemia is known to be related to the cumulative dosage of I-131 more than 37 GBq (1 Ci) and also associated with the intervals of less than 12 months between the repeated doses. We report a case of a 52 year-old female patient with papillary cancer of thyroid who developed acute myelogenous leukemia after the total 20.4 GBq (550 mCi) of I-131 therapy over 3.2 years and palliative radiation therapy (3000 cGy) due to multiple bone metastasis of papillary cancer.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2021

Radioactive iodine (¹³¹I) released from nuclear power plants has been a critical environmental concern for workers. The effective trapping of radioactive iodine isotopes from the off-gas stream generated from nuclear facilities is an important issue in radioactive waste treatment systems evaluation. Numerous studies on retaining methyl iodide (CH₃I¹³¹) by impregnated activated carbons under the high content of moisture have been extensively studied so far. But there have been no good results on how to remove methyl iodide at high humid conditions up to now. A new challenge is to introduce other promising impregnating chemical agents that are able to uptake enough radioactive methyl iodide under high humid conditions. In order to develop a good removal efficiency to control radioiodine gas generated from a high humid process, activated carbons (ACs) impregnated with triethylene diamine (TEDA) and qinuclidine (QUID) were prepared. In addition, the removal efficiencies of the activated carbons (ACs) under humid conditions up to 95% RH were evaluated by applying the standard method specified in ASTM-D3808. Quinuclidine impregnated activated carbon showed a much higher decontamination factor above 1,000, which is enough to meet the regulation index for the iodine filters in nuclear power plants (NPPs).

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2016

방사성 요오드($^{131}I$) 치료는 분화성 갑상선암 환자에서 재발을 감소시키고 생존률을 증가시키나, 환자에서 방출되는 방사능으로 인하여 피폭을 야기시킬 수 있으므로 환자로부터 발생되는 방사선량률을 측정하는 것이 방사선안전관리 측면에서 중요하다. 방사성 요오드($^{131}I$) 치료시 널리 사용되는 측정기 중 전리함과 GM계수관으로 측정된 방사선량률의 감도와 측정효율을 구하였다. 방사성 요오드($^{131}I$)를 150mCi 경구투여 받은 분화성 갑상선암 환자의 상복부로부터 1 m거리에서 경과 시간에 따라 방사선량률을 측정하였다. 시간에 따른 변화를 직접적으로 비교한 결과, 고선량률에서의 감도와 측정효율은 GM계수관보다 전리함이 높게 나타났고, 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 저선량률에서의 감도와 측정효율은 GM계수관보다 전리함이 낮게 나타났지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다(p>0.05). 방사성 요오드($^{131}I$) 치료시에 검 교정이 완료된 전리함과 GM계수관으로 정확하고 신속한 방사선량률을 측정하여 환자에게 설명함으로써 방사성 요오드 치료 후 퇴원하는 환자에게 환자가족 또는 주변 사람들에게 미칠 수 있는 방사선피폭을 예측하고, 불필요한 예단을 줄여줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 1990

Fifty seven patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were performed radioactive iodine-131 whole body scans after administration of diagnostic dose $(2\sim10\;mCi)$ and therapeutic dose $(30\sim150\;mCi)$ within three months. We evaluated the state of radioactive iodine-131 uptakes in whole body scan to detect correct metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. The results are as follows: 1) In 20 of the 57 patients (35%), the therapeutic scan showed the additional uptakes that were not seen in the diagnostic scan. 2) In 9 (64.2%) of the 14 patients who had been received the thyroid ablation theraphy with I-131 previously, new additional lesions were found in the therapeutic scan but only 11 (25%) of the 32 patients who had not been received the thyroid ablation theraphy disclosed new uptake lesions (p < 0.01). 3) The additional uptake lesions of therapeutic scan were significantly more common in the bony metastatic foci (55.7%) than other areas (p < 0.01). In 11 (55%) of 20 patients, additional uptake regions were anterior neck areas (thyroid bed or regional lymph node). We conclude that diagnostic scan with $2\sim5$ mCi I-131 is inadequate in evaluating residual iodine avid tissues of patients with thyroid carcinoma. Also post-theraphy I-131 whole body scan would be important to evaluate the correct staging and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma, and to follow-up patients.