• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.156-156
• /
• 1999

This paper describes the characteristics and the criteria of electrical environmental effects produced from power system especially transmission line. Audible noise radio and TV interference, electric and magnetic inductions which are main items for optimal conductor selection as well as major contributors to the community complaint of electrical environmental problem, are surveyed and studied comparing with the criteria or the environmental protection regulation of domestic and foreign countries. As a result a domestic criteria of electrical environmental on power system was suggested.

• Korean Business Review
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.133-149
• /
• 2005

DAB is meeting with mixed success. Denmark is performing similarly to the UK thanks to the innovation of the public broadcaster but where DAB is not so strong, the problem can usually be pointed at the lack of enabling regulation. The UK's example, whilst not appropriate everywhere, has valuable lessons including licensing incentives for existing analogue commercial broadcasters and a market-building obligation on the national multiplex licensee. Despite the obvious success of DAB, it would be an omission to leave some of the continued criticisms unanswered, whether of its slow start or the underlying technology. True, there was much over-optimism in the mid-1990s, coupled with unrealistic promises and expectations of receiver pricing and consumer take-up. Governments across Europe have legislated for DAB digital radio in a variety of ways but few as successfully as the UK. It is essential that both public and private broadcasters are encouraged equally to participate in digital radio. The UK is fortunate because, for the last 10 years, there has been a progressive government policy towards digital broadcasting. The 1996 Broadcasting Act set out a full licensing regime for both digital television and digital radio. The 1996 UK legislation contained a number of key elements which have been cornerstones of its success. DAB digital radio began test broadcasting around ten years ago but it has not been a universal consumer success across Europe. In the UK, however, digital radio receivers are one of the fastest-selling consumer electronics products and sales have overtaken those of analogue radios. Why has the UK succeeded with DAB digital radio when other European countries have yet to see their markets take off? This article explains what steps the UK took to make DAB digital radio a success.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.510-518
• /
• 2010

In this paper, the designed and implemented results of CFL linearization chip which can be used in mobile radio and TRS terminal of UHF band(380~910 MHz), using $0.6\;{\mu}m$ BiCMOS process based on Si, are shown. As gain control circuits for modifying transmit power are inserted not only in feedback path but also in forward path, the stability of CFL is maintained. And, DC-offset correction function of S/H structure, which is suitable for walkie-talkie PTT operation and is easily implemented, is realized. The performance test results of transmitter show that the regulation of FCC emission mask at PEP 3 W(34.8 dBm) is satisfied when the CQPSK modulated signal is fed and more than 30 dBc improvement of 3rd order IMD is achieved when two-tone signal is inputted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.39-61
• /
• 1994

GMDSS(the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System), which is utilizing recently developed systems such as satellite communications and positioning system, digital communication system, computer and microelectronics technology, etc., has been adopted by International Maritime Orgnization(IMO) and coordina-ted with such organization as the International Telecommunication Union(ITU), World Meteorological Organizatoion(WMO), etc. This system took effect partly on February 1st 1992 according to the 1988 SOLAS Amemdments and, after some more complementary measures, will be fully operational by February 1st 1999. Comparing with the existing communication system, the new system is mainly based on the latest scientific technologies, and therefore overall countermeasure will be necessary to accept the system reasonably. GMDSS will transform the current communication system basically and be the major factor to change the demand and supply of personnel for radio communication. To cope with the system assertively, regulations relating to the radio installation, the posting of radio operators, the bounds of their duty, etc. must be established and the demand and supply of radio operators to meet the system must be accomplished pertinently. Moreover, the technique and quality of the person-nel responsible for the system must be upgraded to carry out the obligations by international regulations as well as to ensure the safety of life and property at sea. Looking into the actual situations of our country, every regulation relating to the GMDSS has been improved, but the concerned educational institutions and administrations have not yet prepared the rational and concrete schemes on the educational methods and adquate procedures for the system. Therefore, in this thesis, the author intends to propose directions for improving the courses and contents of education of the relating educational institutions and to suggest rational schemes for balancing the demand and supply of personnel to the administrative anthorty concerned.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.7
• /
• pp.3211-3217
• /
• 2014

Background: The current study investigated the effects of Piper longumine on radio-sensitization of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in vitro and those in logarithmic growth phase were selected for experiments divided into four groups: control, X-ray exposed, Piper longumine, and Piper longumine combined with X-rays. Conogenic assays were performed to determine the radio-sensitizing effects. Cell survival curves were fitted by single-hit multi-target model and then the survival fraction (SF), average lethal dose ($D_0$), quasi-threshold dose ($D_q$) and sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) were calculated. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Western blot assays were employed for expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bc1-2 and Bax) after treatment with Piper longumine and/or X-ray radiation. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was detected by FCM with a DCFH-DA probe. Results: The cloning formation capacity was decreased in the group of piperlongumine plus radiation, which displayed the values of SF2, D0, Dq significantly lower than those of radiation alone group and the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of D0 was1.22 and 1.29, respectively. The cell apoptosis rate was increased by the combination treatment of Piper longumine and radiation. Piper longumine increased the radiation-induced intracellular levels of ROS. Compared with the control group and individual group, the combination group demonstrated significantly decreased expression of Bcl-2 with increased Bax. Conclusions: Piper longumine at a non-cytotoxic concentration can enhance the radio-sensitivity of MDA-MB-231cells, which may be related to its regulation of apoptosis-related protein expression and the increase of intracellular ROS level, thus increasing radiation-induced apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.554-562
• /
• 2004

It was recommended for all ship engaged in international voyages to carry the Satellite Emergency position Indicating Radio Beacon according to Global Maritime Distress ＆ Safety System but also it is tending to be diffused to require the satellite EPIRB installed in small vessel such as a fishery boat by domestic regulations of each countries. Otherwise the domestic regulation can't evaluate exactly the compatibility with the satellite system and the performance of the equipment itself required by international regulation. And even if it is required the performing of the performance inspection in accordance with international regulation, it is difficult to grasp the characteristics of equipment by a generalized measuring equipment. Hence this study performed the measurement for the matters related with an wave forms, modulation characteristics, frequency and the power, etc through the design and implementation of the test bench capable of ensuring most of test items regulated by international regulation. Through this study, it has been paved the way being capable of preparation of the standard regarding to transmission repetition period, phase variation and frequency stability related with the system compatibility and in conclusion, it is enable to improve the performance of a main distress communication equipment directly connected with the life of a survivor.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2005

In this paper, an impulse generator for UWB(Ultra Wide-band) technique with great possibility to be adopted as a next generation indoor WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) has been designed by using SRD(Step Recovery Diode). Design goal is to design an impulse generator with simple structure, low cost, small size, and high performance. The impulse generator satisfied by FCC's regulation ( frequency range: 3.1~10.6 GHz, limit of power level: -41.25 dBm ) has been simulated by using ADS(Advanced Design System) which is the trade name of the Agilent Technologies. The output power of the impulse generator has been explained separately for single and multi band purposes, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.813-816
• /
• 2013

National Radio Research Agency(RRA) has legislated technical regulations of telecommunication equipments. These technical regulations are related to safety of operators and users, service quality, accessibility for the disabled, interoperability and network connection of terminal equipment. Also, RRA drives the establishment or amendment of technical regulations for terminal equipment considering the evolution of ICT technicology and diversification of services. In 2013, RRA researched the amendment of technical regulations in relation to terminal equipment, which are related to the measurement frequency for signal band power, unwanted signal power, pulse shape.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.74.3-75
• /
• 2016

국제전기통신연합 (ITU)에서 주관하여 2015년 11월 2일-27일 스위스 제네바에서 개최된 WRC-15(세계전파통신회의, World Radiocommunication Conference)회의에서는 28개 의제에 대한 각국 의견을 논의한 후 최종적으로 국제전파규칙(Radio Regulations)을 개정하였다. WRC회의는 전세계의 공통적인 주파수 사용을 위한 국제법이라고 할 수 있는 국제전기통신연합 (ITU)의 전파규칙(Radio Regulation) 제개정을 위해, 3-4년 간격으로 개최되는 전파통신 관련 권위를 가진 회의라고 할 수 있다. 본 회의에서는 전세계의 국가별 전파이익과 상업적 우선권을 둘러싼 정치적, 경제적 이권 다툼이 치열하게 진행되었으며, 2012년부터 추진되었던 국제전기통신연합 산하의 연구반 (ITU-R Study Group)의 의제별 연구결과를 토대로 관련 국제전파규약들을 최종적으로 개정하였다. 국내 전파천문의 입장에서는 상기 회의의 의제 가운데 현재 한국우주전파관측망의 원활한 운용과 사용주파수 대역의 보호를 위해, 전파규칙 내의 관련 주석(footnote, 5.562D) 개정을 위한 우리나라의 국가기고서를 발표하였다. 그 결과, 이전까지는 128GHz 대역의 위성운용대역에서 우리나라 전파천문업무가 우선 순위를 가지고 2015년까지 사용하도록 제한되어 있던 규정을 개정하고 사용기한에 대한 제약을 삭제하도록 개정하였다. 본 발표에서는 상기 결과 및 기타 주파수대역 (10GHz 대역)의 전파천문업무 보호를 위한 신규 주석, 그리고 철폐논란으로 찬반 논란이 거세었던 윤초 이슈의 논의 결과 등에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.295-299
• /
• 2001

1912 April 14th tietanik is in favor disaster at marine accident to do and the world-wide various nations, to be to a marine, after providing the treaty for an immediacy with international agreement there are by all vessels and the radio communication equipment for immediacy navigation they establish. Also by a vessel immediacy law 4th favor regulation even from our country in order to establish a radio communication equipment. But it is a GMDSS and it follows in introduction of new communication system and the region change is brought about in vessel communication system and the many problem point occurs. Against the problem point of the our country marine communication which it follows hereupon it researches and it does to sleep.