• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.572-577
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• 2011

Curve squealing of inter-city railway vehicle is a noise with high acoustic pressure and rather narrow frequency spectra. This noise turns out to be very annoying for the people living in the neighborhood of locations and the passenger in railway vehicle where this phenomenon occurs. Squealing is caused by a self-exited stick-slip oscillation in the wheel-rail contact. Curve squeal noise of railway vehicles that passed by a factor of the speed limit, so to overcome in order to improve running performance is one of the largest technology. In the present paper, characteristic of squeal noise behavior at the Hanvit-200 tilting train test-site. Curve squealing of railway wheels/rail contact occurs in R400~ R800 curves with a frequency range of about 4~11 kHz. If the curve is less than the radius of wheel frail contact due to |left-right| noise level difference (dBA) shows a significant effect of squeal noise were more likely.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.152-161
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• 1990

In this paper, a hybrid element method(HEM) for the evaluation of the hydrodynamic responses of arbitrary-shaped offshore structures is studied. The hydrodynamic pressure forces are assumed to be inertially dominated, and viscous effects are neglected. The mathematical formulation procedure of the hybrid element method with the analytical eigenseries solution is established systematically. The computer program based on the HEM has been developed, and applied to solving the wave diffraction and radiation problems for arbitrary shaped structures. From comparisons of the results obtained by using the other avaliable solution methods, the method for the evaluation of the hydrodynamic forces using the HEM and the computer program developed here have been proved to be valid.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.163-166
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• 2008

Multiferroic $CoCr_2O_4$ film was deposited on MgO and $MgAl_2O_4$ substrates by the rf-sputtering process. The films were prepared at an RF-magnetron sputtering power of 50 W and a pressure of 10 mtorr (20 sccm in Ar), and at substrate temperatures of $550^{\circ}C$. The crystal structure was determined to be a spinel (Fd-3m) structure by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) with Cu $K{\yen}{\acute{a}}$ radiation. The thickness and morphology of the films were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The magnetic properties were measured using a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQIUD) magnetometer. While the ferrimagnetic transitions were observed at about 93 K, which was determined as the Neel temperature, the magnetic properties all show different behaviors. The differences between the magnetic properties can be explained by the stress effects between $CoCr_2O_4$ and the substrates of MgO and $MgAl_2O_4$.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1982

Herein the motion of a freely-floating sphere in a water of finite depth is analysed within the framework of a linear potential theory. A velocity potential describing fluid motion is generated by distributing pulsating sources and dipoles on the immersed surface of the sphere, without introducing an inner flow model. The potential becomes the solution of an integral equation of Fredholm's second type. In the light of the vertical axisymmetry of the flow, surface integrals reduce to line integrals, which are approximated by summation of the products of the integrand and the length of segments along the contour. Following this computational scheme the diffraction potential and the radiation potential are determined from the same algorithm of solving a set of simultaneous linear equations. Upon knowing values of the potentials hydrodynamic forces such as added mass, hydrodynamic damping and wave exciting forces are evaluated by the integrating pressure over the immersed surface of the sphere. It is found in the case of finite water depth that the hydrodynamic forces are much different from the corresponding ones in deep water. Accordingly motion response of the sphere in a water of finite depth displays a particular behavior both in a amplitude and phase.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.72-79
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• 2011

Typical results obtained by a newly developed, nonlinear time domain hybrid method for simulating large amplitude motions of ships advancing with constant forward speed in waves are presented. The method is hybrid in the way of combining a time-domain transient Green function method and a Rankine source method. The present approach employs a simple double integration algorithm with respect to time to simulate the free-surface boundary condition. During the simulation, the diffraction and radiation forces are computed by pressure integration over the mean wetted surface, whereas the incident wave and hydrostatic restoring forces/moments are calculated on the instantaneously wetted surface of the hull. Typical numerical results of application of the method to the seakeeping performance of a standard containership, namely the ITTC S175, are herein presented. Comparisons have been made between the results from the present method, the frequency domain 3D panel method (NEWDRIFT) of NTUA-SDL and available experimental data and good agreement has been observed for all studied cases between the results of the present method and comparable other data.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2011

A weakly nonlinear seakeeping methodology for predicting motions and loads is presented in this paper. This methodology assumes linear radiation and diffraction forces, calculated in the frequency domain, and fully nonlinear Froude-Krylov and hydrostatic forces, evaluated in the time domain. The particular approach employed here allows to overcome numerical problems connected to the determination of the impulse response functions. The procedure is divided into three consecutive steps: evaluation of dynamic sinkage and trim in calm water that can significantly influence the final results, a linear seakeeping analysis in the frequency domain and a weakly nonlinear simulation. The first two steps are performed employing a three-dimensional Rankine panel method. Nonlinear Froude-Krylov and hydrostatic forces are computed in the time domain by pressure integration on the actual wetted surface at each time step. Although nonlinear forces are evaluated into the time domain, the equations of motion are solved in the frequency domain iteratively passing from the frequency to the time domain until convergence. The containership S175 is employed as a test case for evaluating the capability of this methodology to correctly predict the nonlinear behavior related to wave induced motions and loads in head seas; numerical results are compared with experimental data provided in literature.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.534-545
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• 2015

In the very high temperature reactor (VHTR), which is a next generation nuclear reactor system, ceramics are used as a fuel coating material and graphite is used as a core structural material. Even if a depressurization accident occurs and the reactor power goes up instantly, the temperature of the core will change only slowly. This is because the thermal capacity of the core is so high. Therefore, the VHTR system can passively remove the decay heat of the core by natural convection and radiation from the surface of the reactor pressure vessel. The objectives of this study are to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of natural convection of a one-side heated vertical channel with inserted porous materials of high porosity and also to develop the passive cooling system for the VHTR. An experiment was carried out using a one-side heated vertical rectangular channel. To obtain the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of the vertical channel with inserted porous material, we have also carried out a numerical analysis using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. This paper describes the thermal performances of the one-side heated vertical rectangular channel with an inserted copper wire of high porosity.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.19-36
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• 1987

In this research the coupling problem between the elastic structure and the fluid, specially the hydroelastic harmonic vibration problem, is studied. In order to couple the domains, i.e., the structural domain and the fluid domain, the boundary integral method(direct boundary integral formulation) is used in the fluid domain in combination with the finite element method for the structure. The boundary integral method has been widely developed to apply it to the hydroelastic vibration problem. The hybrid boundary integral method using eigenfunctions on the radiation boundaries and the boundary integral method using the series form image-functions to replace the even bottom and free surface boundaries in case of high frequencies have been developed and tested. According to the boundary conditions and the frequency ranges the different boundary integral methods with the different idealizations of the fluid boundaries have been studied. Using the same interpolation functions for the pressure distribution and the displacement the two domains have been coupled and using Hamilton principle the solution of the hydroelastic have been obtained through the direct minimizing process. It has become evident that the finite-boundary element method combining with the eigenfunction or the image-function method give good results in comparison with the experimental ones and the other numerical results by the finite element method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.250-258
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 soot을 배출하는 층류 확산 화염에 대한 음향 가진(acoustic excitation) 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 최근의 연구결과는 soot 배출 화염에 음향 가진을 작용시키면 radiation은 증가하고 soot 배출은 감소한다는 사실을 밝혀주었다. 음향 속도(acoustic velocity)는 음향 압력(acoustic pressure)과 900 상(phase) 차이가 있기 때문에 acoustic driver를 장착한 유리 튜브 내부의 축방향으로 soot을 배출하는 아세틸렌 확산 화염을 이동시킴으로서 soot 배출 감소에 대한 음향 속도와 음향 압력의 상대적인 중요도를 밝혀낼 수 있다. Soot을 배출하는 아세틸렌 화염에 soot 배출이 멈출 때까지 음향 가진을 작용시키고 유리 튜브 안의 최대 압력 위치에서 음향 압력을 측정하며, 화염 위치의 음향 속도와 음향압력은 운동량 방정식과 파동 방정식을 통해 계산된다. 실험 결과 음향 속도가 최대이고 음향 압력이 최소인 위치에서 보다 음향 속도가 최소이고 음향 압력이 최대인 위치에서 훨씬 더 큰 acoustic power가 필요함을 보여주었다. Soot 배출을 멈추는데 필요한 음향 속도의 크기는 유리 튜브의 축방향에 대해 거의 일정한 반면 음향 압력의 크기는 상당한 변화가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 Soot 배출의 감소가 주로 음향 속도에 의한 것임을 강하게 시사한다고 할 수 있다. 또한 연료의 유량이 증가함에 따라 soot 배출을 억제하는데 필요한 acoustic power도 증가한다는 사실을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.587-594
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• 2005

In an effort to develop a thermal-hydraulic (TH) safety analysis code for Gas-cooled Reactors (GCRs), the MARS code, which was primarily developed for TH analysis of water reactor systems, has been extended here for application to GCRs. The modeling requirements of the system code were derived from a review of major processes and phenomena that are expected to occur during normal and accident conditions of GCRs. Models fur code improvement were then identified through a review of existing MARS code capability. Among these, the following priority models necessary fur the analysis of limiting high and low pressure conduction cooling events were evaluated and incorporated in MARS-GCR/V1 : 1) Helium (He) and Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$) as main system fluids, 2) gas convection heat transfer, 3) radiation heat transfer, and 4) contact heat transfer models. Each model has been assessed using various conceptual problems for code-to-code benchmarks and it was demonstrated that MARS-GCR/V1 is capable of capturing the relevant phenomena. This paper describes the models implemented in MARS-GCR/V1 and their verification and validation results.