• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.141-144
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• 2014

In urban spaces surrounded by buildings, trees could disperse sound energy, which affect sound level distribution and street canyon reverberation. Therefore, this paper examines the amount of scattered sound energy from a tree in open field by means of a reverberation time (RT). Five trees of different species and crown sizes were considered. The influential factors include crown size and shape, foliage condition, and source-receiver distance. The results show that RT is proportionally increased with the increase of tree crown sizes, which is the most determining factor. The maximum RT measured was 0.34 sec at 4000 Hz for the studied trees in leaf. The presence of leaves increased RT at high frequencies, typically by 0.14 sec at 4000 Hz. With increasing source-receiver distance within 40 m, RT was slightly changed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.492-497
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• 2006

This study gives the results of the measurements and analysises of the reverberation times in a small room such as apartment houses. We measured the RT by changing measurement conditions, which were sound sources. sound source's positions, receiving point & height, sampling time and so on. The critical factor affecting reverberation time was sound source in unoccupied houses and the reverberation time differences between result of RT using impulsive and interrupted sound source was 0.3sec at 500Hz frequency. And the difference of RT due to sound sources affected the sound insulation such as apparent sound reduction index and sound level difference about 1dB at each frequency in unoccupied houses.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 II
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• pp.1099-1103
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• 2001

In room acoustics, reverberation time (RT) is the most important and general factor that represents character of room or inner space. However, RT, especially in low frequency range, can have the different value according to the measuring points and methods. This study comprehends the cause of error occurring dominantly in low frequency range when RT is measured and examines that the each error of RT measured in the cabin and reverberation chamber having different properties, influences what extent on sound transmission loss (STL)

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.880-884
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• 2014

RT (reverberation time) of outdoor spaces surrounded by multi-storey buildings depends on many designable factors such as the openness, volume and building layouts, etc. This study therefore aims to clarify the influential factors for RT in outdoor spaces surrounded by buildings with complicated topographical conditions. A series of measurements were carried out for 15 outdoor spaces in 6 apartment complexes with different building layouts. An Empirical method considering the openness, averaged ray length and building high is also suggested, to predict RT approximately in the outdoor spaces. The overall results suggest that RT in outdoor spaces of apartment complexes is significantly influenced by source-receiver distance and building layouts.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.384-390
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• 2020

영화나 VR 콘텐츠 제작 시 음향에 잔향 효과를 주는 것은 현장감과 생동감을 느끼게 하는데 매우 중요한 요소이다. 공간에 따른 음향의 잔향 시간은 RT60(Reverberation Time 60dB)이라는 표준에서 권고된다. 본 논문에서는 음향 편집 시 자동 잔향 편집을 위한 장면 인식 기법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 컬러 이미지와 예측된 깊이 이미지를 동일한 모델에 독립적으로 학습하는 분류 모델을 설계하였다. 실내 장면 분류는 내부 구조가 유사한 클래스가 존재하여 컬러 정보 학습만으로는 인식률의 한계가 존재한다. 공간의 깊이 정보를 사용하기 위해 딥러닝 기반의 깊이 정보 추출 기술을 사용하였다. RT60을 기반으로 총 10개의 장면 클래스를 구성하고 모델 학습 및 평가를 진행하였다. 최종적으로 제안하는 SCR+DNet(Scene Classification for Reverb＋Depth Net) 분류기는 92.4%의 정확도로 기존의 CNN 분류기들보다 더 높은 성능을 달성하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2016

In this paper we proposed an unsupervised algorithm to estimate the reverberation time (RT) directly from the reverberant speech signal. For estimation process we use maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) which is a very well-known and state of the art method for estimation in the field of signal processing. All existing RT estimation methods are based on the decay rate distribution. The decay rate can be obtained either from the energy envelop decay curve analysis of noise source when it is switch off or from decay curve of impulse response of an enclosure. The analysis of a pre-existing method of reverberation time estimation is the foundation of the proposed method. In one of the state of the art method, the reverberation decay is modeled as a Laplacian distribution. In this paper, the proposed method models the reverberation decay as a Gamma distribution along with the unification of an effective technique for spotting free decay in reverberant speech. Maximum likelihood estimation technique is then used to estimate the RT from the free decays. The method was motivated by our observation that the RT of a reverberant signal when falls in specific range, then the decay rate of the signal follows Gamma distribution. Experiments are carried out on different reverberant speech signal to measure the accuracy of the suggested method. The experimental results reveal that the proposed method performs better and the accuracy is high in comparison to the state of the art method.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.786-790
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to observe that the acoustic characters of classroom have some difference by several conditions. TSP has used to measure impulse response and such physical indexes as RT(Reverberation Time), D$\sub$50/, and STI(Speech-Transmission-Index) are computed by it. we investigate difference under some conditions such as when students were present at each classroom and when was not so, and when professor used a microphone and unused it. In this study, we found that reverberation time when people take a seat is lower than was not so. we wish to help one who work for construction industry, as they build a kind of classroom

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.146-156
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• 2015

본 연구는 흡음재와 확산체의 적용위치가 소공연장의 음향성능에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 서울의 대학로의 2000년 이후 개관한 36곳의 공연장의 평균크기로 소공연장의 표준모델을 설정하여 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 마감재 적용유효면적이 가장 작은 뒷벽을 기준으로 마감재의 적용면적을 산출하고, 마감재의 적용위치별 음향성능 변화를 분석하기 위하여 천장, 측벽의 적용위치를 전반부, 중반부, 후반부로 구분하여 총 8가지의 경우를 만들어, 1/10 축소모형실험을 진행하였다. 사용된 음향지표는 잔향시간(Reverberation Time, RT), 초기감쇠시간(Early Decay Time, EDT), 음악명료도(Clarity, C80), 음성명료도(Definition, D50), 음성전달지수(Speech Transmission Index, STI)를 이용하였다. 실험결과 마감재의 적용위치 변화는 소리의 울림에 양과 관련된 음향인자인 잔향시간, 초기감쇠시간 은 최소 변화 감지폭에 의한 (Just Noticeable Difference, JND) 평가시 변화가 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 소리의 명료도와 관련된 인자인 음악명료도, 음성명료도, 음성전달지수는 변화가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 짧은 잔향시간을 얻고자 하는 경우 흡음재와 확산체 적용시 모두 측벽부분을 통한 잔향시간 조절이 가장 효과적이며, 측벽 전반부가 가장 짧은 잔향시간을 얻을 수 있는 위치인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.63-67
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• 1999

최근 들어 실내음향 특성의 측정과 평가를 위해 백색잡음을 이용한 잔향시간 측정법 대신에 임펄스응답을 이용한 측정법이 널리 이용되고 있다. 이 방법은 재현성이 우수하고 다양한 실내음향 특성치들을 한꺼번에 산출할 수 있어 전통적인 잔향시간 측정법에 비해 여러 가지 장점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MLS(Maximum Length Sequence) 신호를 이용하여 실내에서의 임펄스 응답을 측정하고 이를 후처리(post-processing) 하여 잔향시간(EDT, RT), 명료도 지수(C50, C80, D, U50, U80, AI), 음의 크기 지수(G) 등, 주로 실의 음성음향 성능을 측정하는 시스템을 구축하였다. 본 연구에서는 측정시스템과 후처리 프로그램의 구성, 몇몇 실내공간에 대한 시험 측정의 결과 및 고찰 등에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2005

Last target of architectural acoustics is that people wish to convey voice effectively from the space adaptively in use purpose in building. But, how exactly through space sound (sound source) that wish to deliver from indoor can be passed method to do quantification and evaluate quantity of sound by method to serve indoor architectural acoustics estimation summer period and methods to estimate definition propose. This Study searches special quality of sound source about MLS signal that is occurred short-answer sound source (pistol sound source) and nondirectional speaker among indoor sound estimation method, and measure and analyzed reverberation time (RT60), definition (C80, D50) by regulation of each ISO 3382 in age place (classroom, hall, gymnasium). Analysis result and sound factor among could know that d of two sound sources converges in measurement error extent about reverberation time (RT60) of analysis incidental and sound factors and value shows change irregularly about sound factor of D50, C80, pistol sound source judged there is problem. Also, could know that problem is happened in deflection except reverberation time is in deflection analysis with wave that measure each in fixed distance in branch. Finally, when differ size of sound source and measure about change of sound pressure level in case measure sound pressure level giving difference about 10 dB, sound factor could know that there is no different effect.