• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2020

Objective: Since sperm abnormalities are known to be a major reason for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), any defects in DNA structure and chromatin condensation can place embryos at risk in the early stage of development and implantation. As antioxidants such as vitamin C may play a protective role against the destruction of protamine genes in sperm chromatin, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C on chromatin and the expression of protamine genes in the male partners of couples with RPL. Methods: Twenty male partners of couples with RPL were selected as the intervention group and received vitamin C supplementation (250 mg daily for 3 months). Healthy fertile men (n = 20) were included as controls. Sperm chromatin, DNA integrity, and the expression levels of protamine genes were evaluated before and after treatment. Results: Significant differences were found in sperm morphology, protamine deficiency, and apoptosis between the two groups and before and after vitamin C administration. A significant change was found in mRNA levels of PRM1, PRM2, and the PRM1/PRM2 ratio after treatment. Conclusion: Daily oral administration of vitamin C may improve human sperm parameters and DNA integrity by increasing protamine gene expression levels in the male partners of couples with RPL. The beneficial effects of vitamin C supplementation as an antioxidant for the male partners of couples with RPL could lead to improved pregnancy outcomes in these cases.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2016

The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is an internet protocol based routing protocol developed and standardized by IETF in 2012 to support a wide range of applications for low-power and lossy-networks (LLNs). In LLNs consisting of resource-constrained devices, the energy consumption of battery powered sensing devices during network operations can greatly impact network lifetime. In the case of inefficient route selection, the energy depletion from even a few nodes in the network can damage network integrity and reliability by creating holes in the network. In this paper, a composite energy-aware node metric ($RER_{BDI}$) is proposed for RPL; this metric uses both the residual energy ratio (RER) of the nodes and their battery discharge index. This composite metric helps avoid overburdening power depleted network nodes during packet routing from the source towards the destination oriented directed acyclic graph root node. Additionally, an objective function is defined for RPL, which combines the node metric $RER_{BDI}$ and the expected transmission count (ETX) link quality metric; this helps to improve the overall network packet delivery ratio. The COOJA simulator is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. The simulations show encouraging results for the proposed scheme in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption, when compared to the most popular schemes for RPL like ETX, hop-count and RER.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• 제73권9호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2018

Accurate measurement of the absorbed dose and the effective dose is required in dental panoramic radiography involving relatively low energy with a rotational X-ray tube system using long exposures. To determine the effectiveness of measuring the irradiation by using passive dosimetry, we compared the entrance skin doses by using a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPL) and an optically stimulated luminescence detector (OSL) in a phantom model consisting of nine and 31 transverse sections. The parameters of the panoramic device were set to 80 kV, 4 mA, and 12 s in the standard program mode. The X-ray spectrum was applied in the same manner as the panoramic dose by using the SpekCalc Software. The results indicated a mass attenuation coefficient of $0.008226cm^2/g$, and an effective energy of 34 keV. The equivalent dose between the RPL and the OSL was calculated based on a product of the absorbed doses. The density of the aluminum attenuators was $2.699g/cm^3$. During the panoramic examination, tissue absorption doses with regard to the RPL were a surface dose of $75.33{\mu}Gy$ and a depth dose of $71.77{\mu}Gy$, those with regard to the OSL were surface dose of $9.2{\mu}Gy$ a depth dose of $70.39{\mu}Gy$ and a mean dose of $74.79{\mu}Gy$. The effective dose based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 103 tissue weighting factor for the RPL were $0.742{\mu}Sv$, $8.9{\mu}Sv$, $2.96{\mu}Sv$ and those for the OSL were $0.754{\mu}Sv$, $9.05{\mu}Sv$, and $3.018{\mu}Sv$ in the parotid and sublingual glands, orbit, and thyroid gland, respectively. The RPL was more effective than the OSL for measuring the absorbed radiation dose in low-energy systems with a rotational X-ray tube.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한불임학회 2002년도 제43차 추계학술대회
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• pp.15-21
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• 2002

In order to keep the normal pregnancy, a number of gene products are required at the feto-matemal interface. We have isolated approximately 30 genes, involved in keeping the normal pregnancy, via subtractive hybridization and RT-PCR analyses of cDNAs from the chorionic villi of normal and RPL patients. Characterizing their functions will help us to understand the process of establishing and maintaining pregnancy. In addition, more detailed studies of their expression in normal and RPL patients are required to evaluate their clinical relevance. Further identification of genes aberrantly expressed in RPL patients will help the prognosis of the pregnancy, identifying pregnancies with a high risk of miscarriage and enabling management of those pregnancies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2022

Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPLs) in Internet of Things (IoT) is currently one of the most popular wireless technologies for sensor communication. RPLs are typically designed for specialized applications, such as monitoring or tracking, in either indoor or outdoor conditions, where battery capacity is a major concern. Several routing techniques have been proposed in recent years to address this issue. Nevertheless, the expansion of the network lifetime in consideration of the sensors' capacities remains an outstanding question. In this research, aANN-CUCKOO based optimization technique is applied to obtain a more efficient and dependable energy efficient solution in IOT-RPL. The proposed method uses time constraints to minimise the distance between source and sink with the objective of a low-cost path. By considering the mobility of the nodes, the technique outperformed with an efficiency of 98% compared with other methods. MATLAB software is used to simulate the proposed model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of oral administration of rumen-protected L-tryptophan (RPL-T) on duodenal starch digestion and gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions using Hanwoo beef steers as the animal models. Methods: Four steers (423±24 kg) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were employed in a crossover design replicated twice. Treatments were control (basal diet) and RPL-T (basal diet+191.1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) group. Blood and duodenal samples were collected to measure serum GIH levels and pancreatic α-amylase activity at day 0, 1, 3, and 5 (-30, 30, 90, 150, and 210 min) of the study. Samples from each segment of the gastrointestinal tract were collected via ruminal and duodenal cannulas and were used to determine soluble protein and the starch digestion rate at days 6 (-30, 180, 360, and 540 min) and 8 (-30, 90, 270, and 450 min) of the experiment. Results: No significant difference in ruminal pH, NH₃-N, and total volatile fatty acid including the levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio was observed between groups (p>0.05). Crude protein uptake was higher and feces starch content was lower in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). The D-glucose contents of feces in RPL-T group decreased at day 5 compared to those in the control group (p<0.05), however, no change was found at day 0, 1, or 3 compared to the control group (p>0.05). Serum cholecystokinin (CCK), melatonin, duodenal pancreatic α-amylase activity, and starch digestion were significantly higher in RPL-T group than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, oral administration of RPL-T at the rate of 191.1 mg/kg BW consistently increased CCK concentration, pancreatic α-amylase activity in duodenal fluids, and starch digestion rate in the small intestine and thus found to be beneficial.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.443-450
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• 2008

This paper is to present design principle and operation strategy of acceptance control chart by the use of OC-Based sampling inspection for continuous data. The unified control limits for acceptance control chart when considering both APL(Acceptable Process Level) and RPL(Rejectable Process Level) are proposed. The control limits can be also extended to the acceptance control chart with unknown process standard deviation.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 패킷 손실율과 왕복 시간을 사용하여 기존 방식보다 효과적인 네트워크 종단간 동적 흐름 제어 알고리듬을 제안한다. 패킷손실율이 평균값이하이면 현재 네트워크 상태는 왕복시간을 사용하여 결정된 3가지 상태중 하나로 결정되며, 이것은 심각한 패킷 손실이 발생하기 전에 보다 정확한 대역폭 제어를 할 수 있게 한다. 만약 패킷손실율이 임계값이상이면 현재 네트워크상태는 혼잡상태가 된다. 적당한 전송률은 이들 네트워크의 각 상태에 따라 결정되며, 이때 프레임의 품질 뿐만 아니라 전송 프레임 숫자를 동시에 조절한다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 알고리듬에 대한 실험 결과를 보였다. 정량적 실험결과를 통하여 제안 방식이 기존 방식보다 1.6배에서 6배의 성능 향상을 나타냄을 보였다. 동시에 총 전송 패킷수 역시 증가되었음을 보였다. 이로써 제안 방식이 기존 방식보다 향상된 대역폭 성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.459-467
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• 1999

DL-NCS (Network Computing System for Diskless Client PCs)에서는 Windows NT에서 제공하는 기능을 최대한 이용하여 윈도우 9x setup 디스켓, RPL 프로파일의 생성방안 등을 제시하고, 원격부팅을 위한 RPL프로토콜을 제안한다. 이렇게 하여 하드디스크 없는 클라이언트가 서버측 하드디스크에 저장된 윈도우 9x를 원격부팅 할 수 있으며, 서버 측 주변장치 및 응용 프로그램들을 공유할 수 있게 구현한다. 윈도우 9x를 DL-NCS 서버로부터 부팅하기 위해 25대 의 클라이언트에서 동시에 PC의 전원 스위치를 켠 결과, 속도 면에서도 독립된 PC에서 부팅 할 때와 비슷한 시간 내에 부팅이 가능했다. 다른 응용프로그램에 대해서도 같은 실험을 실시해 본 결과, 우수한 네트워크 환경을 제공해 줌을 알 수 있었다. 본 DL-NCS를 활용하면, 주변장치 설치비용을 절감할 수 있고, 486SX/DX와 같은 낮은 성능의 PC를 재활용할 수 있으며, 소프트웨어 구입비용을 절감할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.327-344
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• 2007

다중공선성의 데이터에 사용되는 대표적인 편향회귀방법은 능형회귀(RR), 주성분회귀(PCR), 부분최소제곱회귀(PLS) 등이다. 이 회귀방법들은 계수베거 추정량의 놈(norm)이 모두 보통 최소제곱회귀(OLS)의 추정량의 놈보다 작아진다는 의미에서 축소회귀라 부른다. 새로운 회귀방법으로 RR과 PCR을 결합한 능형주성분회귀(RPCR)가 있고 RR과 PLS를 결합한 능형부분최소제곱회귀(RPLS)가 있으며 이들도 또한 축소회귀이다. 이들 추정량은 X'X의 고유벡터들의 선형결합으로 나타낼 수 있고 따라서 각 고유방향에서 OLS에 비해 얼마나 축소되는지를 연구할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 먼저 이들 추정량을 일반적인 축소인자의 식으로 나타내고 이를 이용하여 MSE의 일반식을 구하였으며 PLS 추정량의 MSE 식도 구하였다. 그리고 RPLS의 축소인자 식을 두 가지 다른 형태로 유도하였다. RPLS의 경우도 이 축소인자 식을 MSE의 일반식에 대입하면 MSE 식이 바로 얻어진다. 그러나 PLS나 RPLS의 축소인자는 y의 복잡한 비선형이 되어 결정적이 아니므로 이들 추정량의 MSE는 근사적인 식이라 할 수 있다. 따라서 PLS나 RPLS를 평가하기 위해 이 MSE를 사용하는 것은 제한적이며, 경험적인 방법으로 이들 회귀의 수행성을 평가하는 것이 필요하다. 다중공선성의 대표적인 데이터인 근적외선 분광 데이터를 이용하여 이 유도된 회귀의 축소인자 값이 인자수에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지와 전체적인 축소 비율도 살펴보았다. 이들의 축소 형태를 잘 이해하면 회귀방법들의 예측력과 안정성을 파악하는데 많은 도움이 되리라 판단된다.