• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2018

Desmodium heterocarpon is one of vines belongs to Fabaceae family, mainly distributed in Asian countries such as Korea and Japan. This study was conducted to explore new nutraceutical resources from the plant kingdom possessing biological activities. To fulfill this purpose, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of D. heterocarpon ethanol extract (DHEE) were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity assay, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity assay, and the analysis of related protein expressions by Western blot hybridization. DHEE exhibited potent anti-oxidative activity as confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging capacity against DPPH similar with ascorbic acid, a well-known anti-oxidative agent, used as a positive control. DHEE also effectively suppressed hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced ROS on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Furthermore, DHEE induced the expression of the anti-oxidative enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and its upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a dose dependent manner. DHEE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) formation as a consequence of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) down regulation. Taken together, these results suggest that DHEE has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities and thus appears to be useful sources as potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The identification of active compounds that confer biological activities of DHEE might be needed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.783-789
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• 2017

Malus melliana (Hand.-Mazz.) Rehder (M. melliana) is a Chinese plant that belongs to the Rosaceae family. There have been no previous reports regarding its bioactivity. In this study, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of M. melliana ethanol extract (MMEE) were evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity assay, nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity assay, and the analysis of related protein expressions through Western blot hybridization. MMEE showed potent scavenging activity against DPPH, similar to ascorbic acid, a well-known anti-oxidative agent, which was used as a positive control. MMEE also inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, MMEE induced the expression of an anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase 1, and its upstream transcription factor, nuclear factor E2-related factor-2, in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, MMEE was associated with a reduction in NO production, which was induced by the lipopolysaccharide treatment of RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is the upstream regulator of NO production, was also inhibited. Taken together, these results suggest that MMEE has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, thus appearing to be a potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The further identification of active compounds that confer the biological activities of MMEE may be necessary.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2004

The free radical scavenging activities and the protective effects of Rhus javanica extracts against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and water fractions were prepared from a methanol extract. DPPH radical, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities were estimated. Intracellular ROS formation was quantified using fluorescent probes, 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) for hydroxyl radical and dihydroethidium (DHE) for superoxide anion. The oxidative DNA damage was investigated by the comet assay in HepG$_2$ cells exposed either to $H_2O$$_2$ or to menadione. The highest $IC_{50}$/ values for DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction with a value of 5.38 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Cells pretreated with $\geq$ 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL of the ethyl acetate extract had significantly increased cell viability compared to control cells, which were not pretreated with the extract. Intracellular ROS formation and DNA damage in HepG$_2$ cells, which were pretreated with the various concentrations of Rhus javanica ethyl acetate extract and then incubated either with $H_2O$$_2$ or with menadione, reduced in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that Rhus javanica might have biologically active components which have strong protective effects against ROS induced oxidative damages to the biomolecules, such as cell membranes and DNA.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.271-277
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• 2014

In this study, crude extract of the seagrass Zostera japonica, and its solvent-partitioned fractions were evaluated for their antioxidant activity. The crude extract was successively fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions by liquid-liquid partition. These include DPPH radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging in HT-1080 cells, peroxynitrite scavenging, and protective effect on DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals generated. In all assays, except for DPPH radical, 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fraction showed the strong antioxidant activity. These results suggest that Z. japonica may be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants for the development of cosmetic product or functional food in the future.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1523-1527
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• 2009

The present study was to investigate the in vitro antioxidant potential of hot water extract and its fractions from dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water ($H_2O$) of castor-aralia (Kalopanax pictus) leaves using different antioxidant tests. Among these crude extract and fractions, EtOAc fraction exhibited higher antioxidant potency than others in 1,1-diphenyl-2-pricylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, reducing power assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity. However, $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction showed higher hydroxyl radical scavenging and DNA damage protective activity. This work demonstrates the potential of castor-aralia leaves as antioxidant functional food ingredients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2014

This study evaluated the influence of cooking methods (blanching, pan-frying, and microwaving) on the antioxidant activity of Ligularia fischeri (LF) using myoglobin methods against five different reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hypochlorite ions, hydroxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, and peroxynitrite ions). With respect to DPPH scavenging activity, the antioxidant activities of blanched LF and pan-fried LF were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of fresh LF for all cooking times. Pan-fried LF and microwaved LF showed higher antioxidant activities against hydroxyl radicals and peroxyl radicals than uncooked LF, while the protective effect of blanched LF was low, except for the at the 3 min cooking time point. Microwaved LF showed high antioxidant activity against all ROS at the 2 min cooking time point. Interestingly, LF that had been microwaved for 2 min and 3 min had high antioxidant values, whereas blanched LF and pan-fried LF had low antioxidant values. The activities of cooked LF against five different ROS were characterized comprehensively by 5-axe cobweb charts.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2007

Pyungwi-san(PWS) have been using as a basic prescription of digestive disorder in Korean traditional medicine. This study was performed to examine the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract using different antioxidant tests including by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelating hydrogen peroxide scavenging, lipid peroxydation protective effect and scavenging effect of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Herbal-acupuncture solution of PWS(PWS-HS) exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of DPPH radical adduct formation and it showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity onto superoxide anions. In addition, the result of metal chelating hydrogen peroxide scavenging and ammonium thiocyanate experiments showed that PWS-HS was an active scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, it was also found to be effective in scavenging nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, well-known cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins, lipids and DNA.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical increases with age, the reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO). Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have conducted to investigate the biological activities of Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture by measuring total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, Nitrite scavenging ability in vitro. The total polyphenol contents of Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture was $24.6m{\ell}/m{\ell}$. Elctron donation ability on DPPH was 49.4%. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ehtlbezothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization (ABTS) was 50.01%, similar 10 the DPPH free radical scavenging. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of hominis placenta herbal acupuncture was 50.876%. The nitrite scavenging abilities at pH 1.5, pH 3.0, pH 6.0 were 52.8%, 29.4%, 15.4%, respectively; these abilities decreased as pH increased. We conclude that Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture may be useful as potential sources of antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.536-544
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• 2017

This study was carried out to find out the physiological activity effect of Sicyos angulatus L. extract which is known as an ecosystem disturbance plant and confirm the availability as a functional cosmetic material. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and DPPH radical scavenging, intracellular ROS, and its inhibitory effect on the expression Nitric oxide of and COX-2 were evaluated. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid was found to be 3.079 mg(CA)/100g and 72 mg(Q)/100g of Sicyos angulatus L. extract and antioxidant activity through high radical scavenging activity was confirmed. ~Significant cytotoxicity was not observed up to a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells and HDF cells and concentration-dependent inhibition of ROS production in HDF cells, inhibition of high NO production and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells were confirmed. Through these results, we found the possibility of use as a functional cosmetic material with excellent antioxidant effect and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of intracellular ROS generation, inhibition of NO generation, and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.89-104
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was undertaken to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of the extract of Chilgitang herb-acupuncture solution (CHAS). Methods : The radical scavenging capacity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, DCFH-DA assay, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite generating system. In addition, antioxidant activity on copper and AAPH mediated human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was measured by using TBARS assay and relative electrophoretic mobility assay. The amount of total phenolic compounds was assayed by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Results : CHAS revealed a potent scavenging activity on DPPH radical(82%), superoxide anions(73%), hydroxyl radical(63%), nitric oxide (99%) and peroxynitrite (99%). Moreover, CHAS showed a strong inhibitory effect (59%) on $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenate. CHAS also markedly inhibited copper(81%) and AAPH(56%)-mediated LDL oxidation, and effectively suppressed the electrophoretic mobility during exposure of human LDL to copper ions. CHAS (82 mg/g) contained higher concentration of total phenolic compounds than that of water extract (45 mg/g) obtained from Chilgitang. Conclusions : These results indicate that CHAS may protect against ROS- or RNS involved diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.