• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.110-118
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of species and varieties of summer forage crops on growth characteristics and productivity in Sihwa reclaimed land. The summer forage crops used in the trial were silage corn, sorghum×sudangrass hybrid(SSH), and proso millet. For each forage species, Gwangpyeongok(GPO), P15453, P1952 and P2088 were used for silage corn, and 877F, Green star, Honey chew, and Turbo gold cultivars were used for SSH. For proso millet, Ibaekchal, Geumsilchal and Manhongchal developed by the National Institute of Crop Science were used. Silage corn and SSH were sown on May 21, 2019 and proso millet on June 4, and harvested on September 2. There was no significant difference in plant and ear height of silage corn among varieties. P1543 was the highest and P2088 was the lowest in yield of silage corn, but there was no significant difference among treatments. Among the SSH, the plant height of 877F was the highest and Turbo gold variety had the smallest (p<0.05). As for the dry matter(DM) yields, 877F had the highest at 3,862 kg/ha and Green star had the lowest at 2,669 kg/ha (p<0.05). The fresh matter yield of proso millet was 15,778 kg/ha, which was higher than that of corn or SSH, The average dry matter yield was 4,780 kg/ha, and Ibaekchal variety had the highest DM yield compared to other varieties (p<0.05). P2088 had the highest TDN content and GPO was the lowest (p<0.05). As for the SSH, the TDN content of Green star and Honey chew varieties was significantly higher, and the RFV value was the lowest in Turbo gold. The average crude protein content of proso millet was 7.03%, and the highest TDN and RFV values were 64.36% and 106 in Geumsilchal. In the experiment of the germination rate of summer forage crops according to salt concentration, silage corn showed a germination rate of 83.1% even at 0.4% salinity. In particular, P2088 and P1921 varieties had more than 80% germination rate even at 0.6% salt concentration. As for the SSH, the germination rate of 877F was 93.3% even at 0.8% salinity, and 88.3% with Honey chew, indicating higher resistance to salt concentration compared to other varieties. Proso millet showed a high germination rate of 84.0 to 88.7% even at a salt concentration of 0.6%. Considering the above results, proso millet was recommended as the most suitable forage crop species in the Sihwa reclaimed land with high salt concentration, and the Ibaekchal variety is recommended as a suitable forage crop due to its high yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate yield and forage quality of domestic silage corn hybrids at different planting dates. Days to silking of Suwon169 and P3394 were 62 days, respectively, the shortest among corn hybrids and Gangdaok was the longest. Cheonganok was more resistant to lodging than other hybrids. Kwangpyeongok and Gangdaok were more excellent to stay-green than other hybrids. Ear ratios to total dry matter of other domestic hybrids except Gangdaok were similar with those of DK697 and P3394. Ear ratios to total dry matter were similar in planting dates, May 3 and May 21 with 46% and 45% but June 11, low with 41%. Fresh yield of Gangdaok was the highest of all hybrids and other hybrids except Gangdaok were similar. Dry matter (DM) yields of domestic hybrids except Cheonganok were similar to those of DK697 and P3394. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of domestic hybrids were no significant difference compared with those of DK697 and P3394. Fresh yield, DM yield and TDN yield of all hybrids were similar in planting dates, May 3 and May 21 but those of all hybrids were reduced in planting date, June 11 compared with May 3 and May 21. All hybrids were no significant difference in acid detergent fiber (ADF) which had values ranging from $44.2{\sim}46.2%$. All hybrids were no significant difference in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) which had values ranging from $58.1{\sim}59.9%$. There were no significant differences in ADF and NDF according to planting dates. Relative feed value (RFV) of P3394 was the lowest of all hybrids. Other hybrids except P3394 had values ranging from $84.1{\sim}85.0$ and was no significant difference in RFV. It is concluded that domestic hybrids tested in this study have high forage quality as well as high production similar to those of imported corn hybrids.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2016

This study was aimed to grow organic forage as a prime requirement for organic Hanwoo cattle production over a period of 3 years (2012~2015) in Gyeongbuk region, Korea through mixed cropping of winter fodder barley with legume and application of fermented cattle manure. The effect of barley-legume mixed cropping and application of different levels of fermented cattle manure was studied on forage productivity of whole-crop barley (WCB) and evaluation of feeding capacity of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo) per unit area. The collected data was analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. Barley-legume mixed cropping increased (P<0.05) yields of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) as compared to those of sole WCB as monoculture. Similarly, acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents and relative feed value (RFV) were also higher (P<0.05) in barley-legume mixed sowing forage compared with those of sole WCB as monoculture. In case of manure application, yields of DM, CP and TDN were also found (P<0.05) highest in 100~150 kg N/ha. However, varying cattle manure levels did not influence (P>0.05) CP and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. In response to increasing nitrogen application level, ADF content increased (P<0.05) but TDN content and RFV decreased (P<0.05). The Barley-legume mixed sowing and increasing application levels of fermented cattle manure also significantly enhanced (P<0.05) feeding capacity of organic Hanwoo (head/ha) having 450 kg body weight with 400 g of daily gain. Findings of present study indicated that barley-legume biculture not only cut nitrogen application level of fermented cattle manure by over 50 kg per ha but also increased their feed value and productivity of forage as compared to WCB monoculture. This would be contribution to the diversity of forage resources as well as production of organic animal product by creating low cost and high quality organic forage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to study the spring productivity and feeding value of hairy vetch varieties. We also measured DM yield and feeding value by analyze CP and CF that authors made possible to calculate TDN and RFV. The results can be summarized as follows; Dry matter yield were increased earlier autumn seeding date and later cut in spring. Differences of dry matter yield in earlier cut in spring was high in order of Ostsaat, Welta, Vv4712, Penn-02, Common and Minnie. Crude protein(CP) yield was increased when earlier autumn seeding date and later cut in spring. Total digestible nutrient(TDN) yield of hairy vetch varieties was decreased when later autumn seeding date, and was increased when later cut in spring. TDN yield was highest in Ostsaat and Welta varieties had highest dry matter yield. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content was decreased when later autumn seeding date and was increased when later cut in spring. Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content was decreased when later autumn seeding date. Average values for relative feed value(RFV) were 157% and 132% in both cut. It shows that a high feed value in all of hairy vetch varieties. Above all, the results presented that the optimal seeding date for cultivating hairy vetch in the central region of Korea is between the 10th to the 20th of September. Because Ostsaat and Welta had significantly high dry matter yield we expected Ostsaat and Welta have a higher wintering ability.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.556-566
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• 2014

In this study, we collected 29 Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genetic resources from 10 countries to confirm the possibility of the introduction into Korea. The Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has the broad industrial use like feed and the 5 times more strong $CO_2$ absorption capacity compared to general plant. So recently it is considered as a good industrial source. We analyzed ecotype, growth and development, yield and feed value of collected resources. They were divided into 3 groups depending on flowering time, early maturing type blooming in early July, mid-late maturing type blooming from end of August to early September and late maturing type blooming in end of October. Early maturing type could get fruitful seed but dropped yield (average 7,895 kg/10a) and late maturing type could get high yield (average 12,572 kg/10a) but deletion. The other side mid-late maturing type could get yield over a certain level (average 11,207 kg/10a) and fruitful seed was ensured. The yields analyzed by resources indicated that K12 (Hongma 300) collected in China, K25 from India, K22 from Russia and K21 (Khonkaen 60) variety from China were more than 13,500 kg per 10a. Feed value of early maturing type had inclined to more better than other types, but like dry digestible matter (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) of some late maturing types like K12, K21, K22 which had a high yielding ability were more better than that of early maturing types'. So relative feed value (RFV) which considered comprehensive item for feed value were indicated K21 was 102.5, K12 was 116.2 and K22 was 120.2. 'Jangdae' the variety developed in Korea which could complement of other types' had a good quality for yield 10,975 kg/10a and 12.5% crude protein content and 101.9 of the relative feed value. So we need to be taken power to collection of mid-late maturing types resources.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the effect of rainfall after cutting on nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) hay. Fresh Italian ryegrass was treated with 3 days natural rainfall (56.5, 14.0 and 1.6 mm) after cutting without tedding. Rainfall effect on Italian ryegrass quality was evaluated based on Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). The quality of Italian ryegrass was decreased with extending raining days. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was increased from 0.4 to 4.7% by 1 day advancement in raining. CF content was decreased from 8.1 to 32.8%. CP and CA contents did not change, but NFC content was decreased from 0.5 to 8.4%. The quality damage by the number of raining days after cutting Italian ryegrass was the lowest on the first day from exposure to rain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2016

This study evaluated the effect 3 types of conditioning (Untreated, Impeller, Roller) and the number of times for tedding (rake-teder) performed in one day on the drying rate of tall fescure hay. The experiment was performed at The forage site of Cheonan-si seongwhan-eup National Institute of Animal Sciencee. It took 3 days to make tall fescue hay. The Impeller and Roller conditioning types shortened the haymaking period by 1 day compared to untreated hay. Impeller and roller samples had less than 20% of water content by the $23^{rd}-day$ at 13 o'clock. Tedding frequency failed to affect haymaking. There was no correlation between the three types of conditioning or tedding frequency and acid digestible fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDF), crude protein (CP), or relative feed value (RFV) in tall fescue hay. CP was 12.5~12.9% for the three types of conditioner with 1 or 2 times of tedding a day, Threrfore, conditioner types and gedding frequency had no significant effect on CP.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2009

The grassland establishment under the forest become important, but it comes with a shade for the grass growing among trees. The objective of this study is to select the proper grass-clover mixtures to several shading degrees. The grass-clover mixtures were grown under full sunlights and shade cloths, which reduce sunlight intensity by 35, 50 and 75%. The various types of mixtures were allocated at each shading degrees with three replications. The productivity of mixtures was the highest under full sunlights, and intermediate with 35% degree of shading and least with both 50 and 75% degrees of shading. The 1st mixture (orchardgrass+tall fescue+Kentucky bluegrass+ladino clover+perennial ryegrass+timothy) showed the greatest yield in all treatments. The crude protein (CP) concentration of all mixtures increased with the higher degree of shading, but no CP concentration difference was observed in mixtures within same degree of shading. The lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations and highest relative feed value (RFV) were resulted in the 1st mixture in all treatments. This study indicates that tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, ladino clover, perennial ryegrass and timothy can be used as components for mixtures with orchardgrass which is major component for forest-pastures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

Manure management is a top priority on both dairy and swine farrns at present. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different types and N rates of liquid manure on forage yield and quality of oats(Avena sativa L.) in Suweon, 1997. Seven treatments consisting of chemical fertilizer $120kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, liquid cattle manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and liquid swine manure 120, 240 and $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As increasing N rate of the liquid manure, the plant height was increased, but dry matter content of oats was decreased as increasing liquid manure N rate. There were significant differences in dry matter yield of oats among the liquid manure N rates(P<0.05). Crude protein(CP) content of oats ranged from 14.7 to 24.1% (P<0.05), and CP yield was orderly ranked as liquid swine manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid cattle manure $360kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$>liquid swine manure $240kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$(P<0.05). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment showed a slightly higher than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content of the liquid cattle manure treatment was lower than that of the liquid swine manure treatment(P<0.05). Relative feed value(RFV) of the liquid cattle manure treatment decreased with increasing liquid manure N rates compared with that of the liquid swine manure treatment. Based on the results of this experiment, it is indicates that to increase the N rates from liquid manure application could be obtained from the increase of forage yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

No comprehensive study of yield and quality losses of forage legumes harvested and cured in spring has been conducted in Korea, therefore, this experiment was carried out to gain information on yield and quality, losses of alfalfa(Medicgo sativa L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and red clover(Trifolium pratense L.) during field curing in spring(mid-May). Alfalfa was highest in dry matter content of 15% at harvest, while crimson clover and red clover had 12.4 and 11.5%, respectively. Species differences for the dry matter content were maintained and consistent trends were observed during the field curing. Alfalfa took seven days to reach dry matter content over 80%, while both crimson clover and red clover took eight days. Crimson clover and alfalfa tended to show a higher leaf-stem ratio than red clover based on dry matter, but red clover showed a higher leaf-stem ratio than alfalfa and crimson clover based on crude protein content. Losses in dry matter of alfalfa from leaf shattering were higher than crimson clover and red clover, and similar trends were detected losses in crude protein for three different legumes. Fresh legume forages averaged higher in clude protein(CP), total digestible nutrients(TDN), and relative feed value(RFV), while dry legume forages averaged lower in acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF). Results of the experiment indicate that hay curing in spring affects crude protein concentration more than ADF and NDF, and this is due, in part, to leaf shattering caused by field operations.