• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 음식폐기물의 수거에 소요되는 인력과 장비를 파악할 수 있도록 수거요소를 분석하는데 두었다. 이를 위해 수거단계를 기능단위로 분류하고, 수거요소들은 현장조사를 통하여 분석하였다. 실측결과로부터 단계별 요소들을 산정한 결과, 단독주택 인력시간소요량의 경우 3.3인${\cdot}$시, 단독주택 운반속도의 경우 22.4km/시, 2.5톤 차량의 하차시간 5분 등의 산정이 가능하였다. 인력과 장비에 관한 여건을 동일하게 설정하고 2.5톤의 음식폐기물을 수거하는데 소요되는 지역유형별 수거시간을 산정한 결과, 아파트지역의 경우 1회의 수거에 3.03시간이 소요되었으며, 단독주택지역은 아파트지역보다 3배의 수거시간이 요구되었다. 본 연구에서는 1개 지역만을 대상으로 극히 작은 수거회수에 대해 조사한 결과이므로, 대표성 있는 수거요소들을 산정하려면 많은 후속 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2012

The decision-making by agents in games is commonly based on reinforcement learning. To improve the quality of agents, it is necessary to solve the problems of the time and state space that are required for learning. Such problems can be solved by Macro-Actions, which are defined and executed by a sequence of primitive actions. In this line of research, the learning time is reduced by cutting down the number of policy decisions by agents. Macro-Actions were originally defined as combinations of the same primitive actions. Based on studies that showed the generation of Macro-Actions by learning, Macro-Actions are now thought to consist of diverse kinds of primitive actions. However an enormous amount of learning time and state space are required to generate Macro-Actions. To resolve these issues, we can apply insights from studies on the learning of tasks through Programming by Demonstration (PbD) to generate Macro-Actions that reduce the learning time and state space. In this paper, we propose a method to define and execute Macro-Actions. Macro-Actions are learned from a human subject via PbD and a policy is learned by reinforcement learning. In an experiment, the proposed method was applied to a car simulation to verify the scalability of the proposed method. Data was collected from the driving control of a human subject, and then the Macro-Actions that are required for running a car were generated. Furthermore, the policy that is necessary for driving on a track was learned. The acquisition of Macro-Actions by PbD reduced the driving time by about 16% compared to the case in which Macro-Actions were directly defined by a human subject. In addition, the learning time was also reduced by a faster convergence of the optimum policies.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.557-562
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• 2023

본 연구는 순환자원을 대량 활용한 지반안정재를 터널공사 시 보조공법으로 이용하는 강관다단공법의 주입재로 활용을 검토하기 위해 다양한 주입재 배합비에 따른 겔타임, 호모겔 강도를 비교하였다. 강관다단공법은 터널의 보조공법으로써 시공 후 초기강도의 발현이 중요한 요인으로, 초기에 강도발현이 우수할수록 강관다단공법에 적합한 주입재로 활용이 가능하다. 실내시험 결과, 순환자원을 활용하는 주입재의 호모겔타임은 시멘트를 주입재로 활용하는 배합비에 비해 많은 시간이 필요한 것으로 나타났으며, 2.0MPa를 만족하는 초기강도 양생시간은 24시간 이상이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 순환자원 활용 주입재는 동일 배합비의 시멘트에 비해 긴 초기경화 시간이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.397-403
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• 2020

In order to synchronize a remote system time to the reference time like Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), it is required to compare the time difference between the two clocks. The time comparison data may have some outliers and the time synchronization performance can be significantly degraded if the outliers are not removed. Therefore, it is required to employ an effective outlier detection algorithm for keeping high accurate system time. In this paper, an outlier detection method is presented for the time difference data of GNSS time transfer receivers. The time difference data between the system time and the GNSS usually have slopes because the remote system clock is under free running until synchronized to the reference clock time. For investigating the outlier detection performance of the proposed algorithm, simulations are performed by using the time difference data of a GNSS time transfer receiver corrected to a free running Cesium clock with intentionally inserted outliers. From the simulation, it is investigated that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect the inserted outliers while conventional methods such as modified Z-score and adjusted boxplot cannot. Furthermore, it is also observed that the synchronization performance can be degraded to more than 15% with 20 outliers compared to that of original data without outliers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
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• pp.185-189
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• 1987

The controller with robustness described in this paper is designed for processes with variable time-delays. This adaptive mechanism includes servo and stabilizing compensators. In the proposed multivariable controller. knowledge of the system time-delay is not required.

• 전기의세계
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1973

An initial starting voltage, ignition time, glow current and blink of the flow starter are changed rapidly in initial using. therefore an ageing is required to stabilize the initial characteristics. According to the experiments, it is proved that the ageing time for the starting voltage and glow current takes 3 minutes and 5 minutes for ignition time and blink.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2003

In order to analyze liquidity change according to increasing the charge of superplasticizer, we inputted charges by dividing into six steps, 0% through 1.25%; at the same time, to observe liquidity change according to the change of charge-time, we carried out the experiment applying 30-minute intervals, i.e. at beginning of mixing, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The results are below. 1) According to increasing the charge of superplasticizer, the liquidity of concrete was enhanced, however, when inputted 1.25%, a little segregation was occurred, which allowed us to make a conclusion that concrete performance would be deteriorated due to this segregation. 2) When we inputted 1.25% of superplsticizer, steady liquidity features were shown regardless of the charge-time of concrete, which allowed us to make a conclusion that this input would be the best for liquidity performance considering only liquidity features. 3) After analyzing the dynamical features of liquid concrete, the result showed that there was not significant effect on revelation of compressive strength. We concluded form this result that there was no influence on the stripping-time of a mold form. 4) When we charge superplasticizer in concrete more than 1%, we, in advance, should clearly judge the concrete performance required during constructing in site, as it were, the compressive strength or liquidity etc.; furthermore, we had better decide a charge and input-time of superplasticizer to meet the required performance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2015

Building has required the repair money to improve or maintain the decent living condition continuously after construction. It needs to grasp the building deterioration to decide the scope and contents before it is repaired. Under various conditions such as physical, social and financial constraints, the repair plan would be prepared. Among constraints, the cost is indispensible to specify the repair time, repair scope and target. The required cost would be planned to preparation over the years. In this paper, it aimed at providing the repair strategy of the public rental housing in repair time, using the cumulative cost model which is $3^{rd}$ function. In the $3^{rd}$ function, the inflection point should exist in the line. And there are two types in the cumulative model, First, if the maximum cost be shown, the repair time would be provided. Second, if the maximum cost not be shown, the cumulative function should be proportionally increased and the repair strategy is properly provided with a short cycle. In results of this study, 11 items would provide the repair time. These cumulative function would be repaired about 4 years after constructed, and after about 4 years, the cumulative function would be continuously increased.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.358-367
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• 2020

수도권 지역 직장인들의 평균 출퇴근 시간이 증가하고 도로의 교통혼잡비용이 증가함에 따라 새로운 교통수단의 필요성이 증가하고 있고, 도심항공 모빌리티(UAM)가 그 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 인구, 교통량, 출퇴근 데이터를 이용하여 서울, 경기 지역에 UAM 수직 이착륙장 위치를 선정하고 운행 경로를 설정하였다. 전기 수직 이착륙 항공기(eVTOL)의 유형을 분석해 UAM에 적합한 추력편향형과 멀티콥터형 eVTOL을 선정하여 설정된 경로를 운행하였을 때 소요시간을 계산하였다. 또한 타 교통수단을 이용하였을 때 소요시간을 UAM 이용 시와 비교 분석하였다. 결과적으로 UAM을 이용한다면 출퇴근 시간이 대폭 줄어들 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2015

Explicit numerical integration methods for power system transient stability simulation require very small time steps to avoid numerical instability. The EXST1 exciter model is a primary source of fast dynamics in power system transients. In case of the EXST1, the required small integration time step for entire system simulation increases the computational demands in terms of running time and storage. This paper presents a practical exciter model reduction approach which allows the increase of the required step size and thus the method can decrease the computational demands. The fast dynamics in the original EXST1 are eliminated in the reduced exciter model. The use of a larger time step improves the computational efficiency. This paper describes the way to eliminate the fast dynamics from the original exciter model based on linear system theory. In order to validate the performance of the proposed method, case studies with the GSO-37 bus system are provided. Comparisons between the original and reduced models are made in simulation accuracy and critical clearing time.