• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.745-754
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and verify the effectiveness of sustainable cosmetic raw materials developed from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a plant native to Ulleungdo, in improving the skin barrier function and treating atopic dermatitis. Cells were derived from adult Gynostemma pentaphyllum plants, and suitable conditions for mass culture of the cells were established in a bioreactor. DNA components and amino acids extracted from this mass culture were identified from the HPLC fraction. In the in vitro efficacy evaluation results, changes in the expression levels of skin barrier-related proteins such as filaggrin (FLG) and Zonula occludens-1 (Zo-1) were insignificant. It was confirmed that the expression levels of the proteins thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) were significantly reduced. These results lead to the conclusion that Gynostemma pentaphyllum cell extracts have significant anti-inflammatory effects and that these extracts can be widely used as sustainable, nature-friendly active material in cosmetics with anti-inflammatory effects and targeted at improving atopic dermatitis.They may find use in anti-aging cosmetic products as well.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association factors of dental infection control by applying the health belief model in the dental hygienists. This study subject was 142 dental hygienists from 15 to July 5, 2020. Data were analyzed by chi-square test ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 23.0. The performance of dental infection control in accordance with the general characteristics of research subjects was high in case when they had educational experiences of infection control, and when they 'always' did medical examinations by interview about infectious diseases(p<0.01). The group of dental hygienists working for dental clinics with less than average 50 patients a day showed the highest rate of wearing a mask and latex gloves as personal protective gears(p<0.05),(p<0.01). When the wearing of protective goggles(face shield) and the frequency of exchanging masks after the outbreak of COVID-19 were more, the performance for infection control was increasing(p<0.05),(p<0.01),(p<0.001). In this study, it is difficult to generalize the results of the study because the research area and the subject are limited by selecting the subjects by convenience extraction, and focusing on the degree of awareness of infection control by dental hygienists, the actual status of infection control in dentistry is carefully illuminated. What you didn't do can be seen as a limitation. Considering the results of this study, the performance of infection control could be increased by removing obstacles and increasing the importance and perceived benefits of infection control of dental hygienists.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In the winter forage study, Italian ryegrass(IRG) and barley were selected. In 2018, the dry matter yield of IRG was 16,915kg per ha under the Agrivoltaic System; this was a little more than 16,750kg per ha of outdoors. On the contrary, the dry matter yield of barley was slightly less under the Agrivoltaic System than that of outdoors. In 2019, the dry matter yield under the Agrivoltaic System was 12,062kg per ha for IRG and 12,195kg per ha for the barley; this was 5.4% and 11.5% less than that of outdoors, respectively. In the summer forage study, corn and sorghum×sudangrass were selected. In 2019, the dry matter yield of corn under the Agrivoltaic System was 13,133kg per ha which was 17% less than that of outdoors. The dry matter yield of sorghum×sudangrass was 12,450kg per ha, which was 82.5% of that of outdoors. In 2020, the dry matter yield of corn under the Agrivoltaic System was 8,033kg per ha which was 7.9% less than that of outdoors. The dry matter yield of sorghum×sudangrass was 5,651kg per ha, which was 11.4% less than that of outdoors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.536-546
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• 2020

This study examined the correlation between safety practices and safety knowledge, safety awareness and safety efficacy, and the factors influencing the safety practices of in-home child-care providers. The participants were 199 in-home child-care providers who worked at two cities in G province. Using a structured-questionnaire, the data were collected from December 2019 to January 2020. The data were analyzed using the IMB/SPSS 25.0 program. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percent, mean, and SD), a t-test, ANOVA, Scheff test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and multiple regression. The mean score for safety knowledge, safety awareness, safety efficacy, and safety practices were 0.64 (SD, 0.09), 1.92 (SD, 0.37), 4.18 (SD, 0.51), and 2.55 (SD, 0.36), respectively. Safety practices were positively correlated with the safety knowledge (r=.14, p=.042), safety efficacy (r=.43, p<.001), and sub-factors of safety efficacy, self-regulation (r=.32, p<.001), enlisting social support (r=.40, p<.001), and controlling the environment (r=.39, p<.001). Enlisting social support and controlling the environment, sub-factors of safety efficacy were influenced safety practices significantly and explained 20.0% of the variance. Based on these findings, it will be necessary to develop a program that can enhance their safety efficacy for safety practices of in-home child-care providers.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.181-192
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• 2022

Active vibration control system(AVCS) for helicopter enables to control the vibration generated from the main rotor and has the superb vibration reduction performance with low weight compared passive vibration reduction device. In this paper, FxLMS algorithm-based vibration control software of the light civil helicopter tansmits the control command calculated using the signals of the tachometer and accelerometers to the circular force generator(CFG) is developed and verified. According to the RTCA DO-178C/DO-331, the vibration control software is developed through the model based design technique, and real-time operation performance is evaluated in PILS(processor in-the loop simulation) and HILS(hardware in-the loop simulation) environments. In particular, the reliability of the software is improved through the LDRA-based verification coverage in the PIL environments. In order to AVCS to light civil helicopter(LCH), the dynamic response characteristic model is obtained through the ground/flight tests. AVCS configuration which exhibits the optimal performance is determined using system optimization analysis and flight test and obtain STC certification.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.542-558
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Yigong-san on anorexia in children by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: Eleven electronic databases were searched on May 30, 2022 to collect relevant studies. All studies published up to the search date were considered. RCTs reporting the effect of Yigong-san on the treatment of anorexia in children were included. The primary outcome was an improvement in clinical anorexia symptoms after treatment. In this meta-analysis, continuous and binary outcomes were assessed, and the data were presented as the mean difference and risk ratio with their 95% confidence intervals. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Results: A total of nine studies were included in this systematic review. The treatment group (Yigong-san only or Yigong-san plus conventional treatment) showed a statistically significant effect compared to the control group (conventional treatment only) in total effective rate (Yigong-san only: RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.17, 1.36, I²=0%; Yigong-san plus conventional treatment: RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.18, 1.47, I²=0%), clinical symptoms, some of the anthropometric outcomes, and biological markers related to appetite and growth in children with anorexia. No serious adverse events related to Yigong-san were reported. Conclusions: Yigong-san showed statistically significant effects as a treatment for anorexia in children. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was insufficient, and the herbs contained in the Yigong-san used in the included studies were not standardized. Future research should focus on the implementation of methodologically robust clinical research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2021

In order to verify the effect of using functional cosmetic ingredients for skin beauty, the composition and content of some phenolic acid and flavonoids in the hot water and 80% methanol extract of Akebia quinata fruit pericarp and seeds were analyzed, and the skin care antioxidant activity was investigated. The results are as follows. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were found to be higher in pericarp extract than seed extract in both hot water and 80% methanol extract. In the analysis of the composition and content of phenolic acid and flavonoids, two kinds of phenolic acids were identified in the hot water extract of pericarp, 6 kinds of phenolic acids were identified in the 80% methanol extract, and one kind of flavonoid. Two types of phenolic acids were identified in the hot water and 80% methanol extract of seeds, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities tended to increase in proportion to the treatment concentration in both hot water and 80% methanol extracts, and antioxidant activity was found to be high. Therefore, from the above results, it was found that the hot water and 80% methanol extract of Akebia quinata fruit pericarp and seeds contained various kinds of phenolic acid and flavonoids, and the antioxidant activity was also high. It is believed to be of value as a natural antioxidant in skin care cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.482-489
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• 2022

This study aimed to determine the optimal planting density of Fraxinus rhynchophylla assessed from the early growth performance at various planting densities over the 7-year period after planting. The study site was in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and seedlings of 2-year-old (bare-root seedlings) F. rhynchophylla were planted at four densities (3,000, 5,000, 7,000, and 10,000 trees ha^-1) in March 2015. The survival rate, root-collar diameter (RCD), and height (H) were measured from 2015 to 2021, and the H/D (H/RCD) ratio and stem volume were calculated. The survival rate (84-97%) and H/D ratio (54.5-59.2%) were not affected by the planting density during the study period, but the RCD, H, and stem volume were significantly higher for 7,000 trees ha^-1 than for other planting densities. Especially, the stem volume (cm³ tree^-1) at 7 years after planting was highest for 7,000 trees ha^-1 (1,356.1), followed by 10,000 trees ha^-1 (958.6), 5,000 trees ha^-1 (773.0), and 3,000 trees ha^-1 (579.5). As the planting density increased, F. rhynchophylla seedlings showed initial rapid growth due to light competition, but relatively low growth at excessive planting densities. In the future, use of a suitable planting density considering planting costs should provide outstanding growth performance of F. rhynchophylla on plantations.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.270-275
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• 2021

ZnO was synthesized according to the transformation behavior and crystallization conditions of Zn-intermediate obtained by zinc sulfate as a precursor and NaOH, Na₂CO₃ as a alkali agents. For ZnO crystallization, Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄·H₂O and Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂·H₂O as a Zn-intermediate were calcined at 400℃ and 800℃ for 1 h, respectively, based on decomposition temperature from TGA. Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄·H₂O was confirmed to have mixed Zn₄(OH)₆SO₄·H₂O and ZnO at 400℃, and was completely thermally decomposed at 800℃ to form ZnO phase. The prepared Zn₅(OH)₆(CO₃)₂·H₂O as a Zn-intermediate by the reaction with Na₂CO₃ was transformed to a complete ZnO crystallization over 400℃. Nano-sized ZnO can be synthesized at a relatively lower calcination temperature through the reaction with Na₂CO₃.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.967-976
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• 2021

Over the last ten years, the number of entanglement marine accidents has increased more than other accident types. This study analyzed the annual statistical report of marine accidents from the Korea Maritime Safety Tribunal and Korea Coast Guard. Despite some discrepancies between data of the two organizations, it was found that marine accidents involving fishing vessels were more prevalent than those involving non-fishing vessels. In addition, the main floating materials that caused wounded entanglement accidents were fishing nets, fishing gear, and ropes, and the proportion of them was high. Foreign and domestic policies on marine plastics recognize most marine plastics as marine environmental hazards and focus on marine litter recovery and the prevention of marine pollution. The representative Acts related to the marine environment and marine litter, the Marine Environment Management Act and the Marine Waste and Sediments Management Act, recognize marine litter as a type of marine waste, and deal with the types and definition of this waste. However, clearly defining marine waste is difficult. Therefore, this study tried to examine the relevant legal system of marine litter on ship operation and suggested improvement measures. Moreover, the definition of marine litter for the safe navigation and operation of ships was clearly proposed.