1 |
Alcorn, P.J., Pyttel, P., Bauhus, J., Smith, R.G.B., Thomass, D., James, R. and Nicotra, A. 2007. Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees. Forest Ecology and Management 252(1-3): 41-51.
DOI
|
2 |
Arias-Aguilar, D. and Valverde, J.C. 2020. Effect of planting density and tree species selection on forest bioenergy systems: tree growth, nutrient storage and wood chemical properties. Greenhouse Gases 10(6): 1165-1175.
DOI
|
3 |
Bai, Y.F., Shen, Y.Y., Jin Y.D., Hong, Y., Liu, Y.Y., Li, Y.Q., Liu, R., Zhang, Z.W., Jiang, C.Q. and Wang, Y.J. 2020. Selective thinning and initial planting density management promote biomass and carbon storage in a chronosequence of evergreen conifer plantations in Southeast China. Global Ecology and Conservation 24: e01216.
|
4 |
Cho, M.S., Yang, A.R., Hwang, J., Park, B.B. and Park, G.S. 2021. Effects of growing density and cavity volume of containers on the nitrogen status of three deciduous hardwood species in the nursery stage. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 110(2): 198-209. (In Korean with English abstract)
|
5 |
Choi, C.H., Seo, B.S., Tak, W.S., Cho, K.J., Kim, C.S. and Han, S.U. 2008. Comparison of seed germination response to temperature by provenances in Freaxinus rhynchophylla. Journal of Korean Forest Society 97(6): 576-581. (In Korean with English abstract)
|
6 |
Dong, T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, S. 2016. Continuous planting under a high density enhances the competition for nutrients among young Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings. Annals of Forest Scince 74(2016): 331-339.
|
7 |
Farooq, T.H., Wu, W., Tigabu, M., Ma, X., He, Z., Rashid, M.H.U., Gilani, M.M. and Wu, P. 2019. Growth, biomass production and root development of Chinese fir in relation to initial planting density. Forests 10(3): 236.
|
8 |
Grossnickle, S.C. 2012. Why seedlings survive: Influence of plant attributes. New Forests 43(5-6): 711-738.
DOI
|
9 |
Halbritter, A. and Deegen, P. 2015. A combined economic analysis of optimal planting density, thinning and rotation for an even-aged forest stand. Forest Policy and Economics 51: 38-46.
DOI
|
10 |
Iwasa, Y., Cohen, D. and Leon, J.A. 1984. Tree height and crown shape, as results of competitive games. Journal of Theorogical Biology 112(2): 279-297.
DOI
|
11 |
Jeong, J.H., Koo, K.S., Lee, C.H. and Kim, C.S. 2002. Physio-chemical properties of Korean forest soils by regions. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 91(6): 694-700.
|
12 |
Kang, H.S. 2013. Effects of root pruning, stem cutting and planting density on survival and growth characteristics in Kalopanax septemlobus seedlings. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 16(3): 97-105. (In Korean with English abstract)
DOI
|
13 |
KFS (Korea Forest Service). 2021. Statistical yearbook of forestry. Korea Forest Service, Republic of Korea. pp. 226. (in Korean)
|
14 |
Kim, G.T. 2003. Ecological forest management and reforestation problem. Korean Journal of Environmental Ecology 17(2): 105-111. (In Korean with English abstract)
DOI
|
15 |
KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration). 2021. Climatological normals of Korea. Korea Meteorological Administration, Republic of Korea. pp. 984. (in Korean)
|
16 |
Peracca, G.G. and O'Hara, K.L. 2008. Effects of growing space on growth for 20-year-old giant sequoia, ponderosa pine, and Douglas-fir in the Sierra Nevada. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 23(3): 156-165.
DOI
|
17 |
NAS (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences). 2010. Methods of soil chemical analysis. Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. (in Korean)
|
18 |
Newton, M., Lachenbruch, B., Robbins, J.M. and Cole, E.C. 2012. Branch diameter and longevity linked to plantation spacing and rectangularity in young Douglas-fir. Forest Ecology and Management 266: 75-82.
|
19 |
Noh, N.J., Kwon, B., Yang, A.R. and Cho, M.S. 2020. Effect of planting density on early growth performances of Zelkova serrata trees. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 109(3): 281-290. (In Korean with English abstract)
|
20 |
Peterson, J. 1996. Growing environment and container type influence field performance of black spruce container stock. New Forests 13: 325-335.
|
21 |
Pinto, J.R., Marshall, J.D., Dumroese, R.K., Davis, A.S. and Cobos, D.R. 2011. Establishment and growth of container seedlings for reforestation: A function of stocktype and edaphic conditions. Forest Ecology and Management 261(11): 1876-1884.
DOI
|
22 |
Han, S.H., Kim, J.H., Kang, W.S., Hwang, J.H., Park, K.H. and Kim, C.B. 2019. Monitoring Soil Characteristics and Growth of Pinus densiflora Five Years after Restoration in the Baekdudaegan Ridge. Korean Journal of Environmental Ecology 33(4): 453-461. (in Korean with English abstract)
DOI
|
23 |
Hidaka, A. and Kitayama, K. 2009. Divergent patterns of photosynthetic phosphorus-use efficiency versus nitrogen-use efficiency of tree leaves along nutrient-availability gradients. Journal of Ecology 97(5): 984-991.
DOI
|
24 |
Han, S.H., Byun, J.K., Cho, M.S., An, J.Y., Park, G.S., Kim, S.B. and Park, B.B. 2016. The effect of 7 fertilizers on the growth and nutrient concentrations of Freaxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koreaiensis, and Abies holophylla seedlings. Journal of Korean Forest Society 105(2): 177-185. (In Korean with English abstract)
DOI
|
25 |
Toillon, J., Fichot, R., Dalle, E., Berthelot, A. and Brignolas, F. 2013. Planting density affects growth and water-use efficiency depending on site in Populus deltoides × P. nigra. Forest Ecology and Management 304: 345-354.
DOI
|
26 |
Tun, T.N., Guo, J., Fang, S. and Tian, Y. 2018. Planting spacing affects canopy structure, biomass production and stem roundness in poplar plantations. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 33(5): 464-474.
DOI
|
27 |
Van de Peer, T., Verheyen, K., Kint, V., Van Cleemput, E. and Muys, B. 2017. Plasticity of tree architecture through interspecific and intraspecific competition in a young experimental plantation. Forest Ecology and Management 385: 1-9.
DOI
|
28 |
Hakamada, R., Hubbard, R.M., Ferraz, S., Stape, J.L. and Lemos, C. 2017. Biomass production and potential water stress increase with planting density in four highly productive clonal Eucalyptus genotypes. Southern Forests : a Jounral of Forest Science 79(3): 251-257.
DOI
|
29 |
Villar-Salvador, P., Uscola, M. and Jacobs, D.F. 2015. The role of stored carbohydrates and nitrogen in the growth and stress tolerance of planted forest trees. New Forests 46(5): 813-839.
DOI
|
30 |
Wang, C.S., Tang, T., Hein, S., Guo, J.J., Zhao, Z.G. and Zeng, J. 2018. Branch development of five-year-old Betula alnoides plantations in response to planting density. Forests 9(1): 42.
|
31 |
Yan, Z., Zhou, Q., Teng, M., Ji, H., Zhang, J., He, W., Ye, Y., Wang, B. and Wang, P. 2019. High planting density and leaf area index of masson pine forest reduce crown transmittance of photosynthetically active radiation. Global Ecology and Conservation 20: e00759.
|
32 |
Wang, C.S., Zhao, Z.G., Hein, S., Zeng, J., Schuler, J., Guo, J.J., Guo, W.F. and Zeng, J. 2015. Effect of planting density on knot attributes and branch occlusion of Betula alnoides under natural pruning in southern China. Forests 6(4): 1343-1361.
DOI
|
33 |
Will, R., Hennessey, T., Lynch, T., Holeman, R. and Heinemann, R. 2010. Effects of planting density and seed source on loblolly pine stands in southeastern Oklahoma. Forest Science 56(5): 437-443.
|
34 |
Xue, L., Pan, L., Zhang, R. and Xu, P. 2011. Density effects on the growth of self-thinning Eucalyptus urophylla stands. Trees 25(6): 1021-1031.
DOI
|
35 |
Yang, A-R. and Cho, M.S. 2019. The growth performances and soil properties of planted Zelkova serrata trees according to fertilization in harvested Pinus rigida plantation over 6 years after planting. Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 108(1): 29-39. (In Korean with English abstract)
|
36 |
You, J.W., Won, H.K., Han, H. and Kim, H.S. 2020. A comparative analysis of management efficiency between natural regeneration and plantation. Korean Forest Economics Society 27(2): 85-91. (In Korean with English abstract)
DOI
|
37 |
Zhang, Y., Duan, B., Qiao, Y., Wang, K., Korpelainen, H. and Li, C. 2008. Leaf photosynthesis of Betula albosinensis seedlings as affected by elevated CO2 and planting density. Forest Ecology and Management 255(5-6): 1937-1944.
DOI
|