• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.50-55
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• 1997

1992년부터 1995년까지 약 4개년 동안 전남 지역에서 사육하고 있는 가축의 유병률을 조사한 결과, 유방염으로 의심이 되는 젖소 970두 중에서 180두(18.6%)가 유방염에 이환되었으며, 돼지 2,400두 중에서 84두(3.5%)가 설사증에 이환되었고, 닭 1,010수중에서 9수(0.9%)가 설사증에 이환되었다. 대장균의 분리율을 조사한결과, 유방염에 이환되어 있는 젖소 180두중 37두(20.6%)에서 대장균이 분리되었으며, 설사증에 이환되어 있는 돼지 84두중 51두(60.7%)에서 대장균이 분리되었고, 설사증에 이환되어 있는 닭 9수중 5수(55.6%)에서 대장균이 분리되었다. Acriflavine을 이용하여 대장균의 S-R변이를 조사한 결과, S-R변이는 mercuric chloride, cysteine, caffeine, glucose, nicotine 등의 순으로 나타났는데, 이중 mercuric chloride가 가장 감수성이 높았다. 대장균의 항균요법제에 대한 감수성은 naxcel, linsmycin, cephalexin, gentamycin등이 높은 감수성을 나타내었는데, S-R변이 후에는 감수성이 일반적으로 저하되는 경향이었다.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1995

D. Dubois and H. Prade introduced the notions of fuzzy numbers and defined its basic operations [3]. R. Goetschel, W. Voxman, A. Kaufmann, M. Gupta and G. Zhang [4,5,6,9] have done much work about fuzzy numbers. Let $\mathbb{R}$ the set of all real numbers and $F^{*}(\mathbb{R})$ all fuzzy subsets defined on $\mathbb{R}$. G. Zhang [8] defined the fuzzy number $\tilde{a}\;\in\;F^{*}(\mathbb{R})$ as follows : (omitted)

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.491-499
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• 2011

In this paper, we offer a new strategic portfolio model for national IT R&D project selection in Korea. A risk and return (R-R) portfolio model was developed using an objectively quantified index on the two axes of risk and return, in order to select a strategic project and allocate resources in compliance with a national IT R&D strategy. We strategize using the R-R portfolio model to solve the non-strategy and subjectivity problems of the existing national R&D project selection model. We also use the quantified evaluation index of the IT technology road map (TRM) and the technical level reports (TLR) for the subjectivity of project selection, and try to discover the weights using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). In addition, we intend to maximize the chance for a successful national IT R&D project, by selecting a strategic portfolio project and balancing the allocation of resources effectively and objectively.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.641-646
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• 2012

It has been reported that ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 9 (Ubc9), the unique enzyme2 in the sumoylation pathway, is up-regulated in many cancers. However, the expression and regulation of UBC9 in glioma remains unknown. In this study, we found that Ubc9 was up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines compared to a normal control. UBC9 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) affected cell proliferation and apoptosis in T98G cells. Further experiments revealed that microRNA (miR)-214 directly targeted the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of UBC9 and that there was an inverse relationship between the expression levels of miR-214 and UBC9 protein in glioma tissues and cells. miR-214 overexpression suppressed the endogenous UBC9 protein and affected T98G cell proliferation. These findings suggest that miR-214 reduction facilitates UBC9 expression and is involved in the regulation of glioma cell proliferation.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2003

The co-precipitation method is applied to synthesize the cathode material Li[L $i_{x}$M $n_{1-x-y}$C $r_{y}$ ] $O_2$ for lithium rechargeable batteries at $650^{\circ}C$ (CR650) and 8$50^{\circ}C$ (CR850), respectively. Rietveld indices indicate that $R_{wp}$ with respect to $R_{exp}$ ( $R_{wp}$/ $R_{exp}$) are 9.2%/10.1% for CR650 and 15.9%/9.76% for CR850, respectively. $R_{B}$ and S (GofF) shows 10.9%, 8.54% and 1.9, 1.6, respectively. Rietveld structure refinement reveals that layer structure of LiMn $O_2$ (R3m) coexists with lower symmetry of Li[L $i_{1}$3/M $n_{2}$3/] $O_2$ (C2/c) due to superlattice ordering of Li and Mn in metal-transition containing layers. Unit-cell parameters are calculated as a=2.8520(2)$\AA$, c=14.248(2)$\AA$, V=100.40(l)$\AA^3$ for CR650, and a=2.8504(1)$\AA$, c=14.2371(7)$\AA$, V=100.179(8)$\AA^3$ for CR850. Final chemistry is obtained as Li[L $i_{0.35}$M $n_{0.56}$C $r_{0.09}$] $O_2$ (CR650) and Li[L $i_{0.27}$M $n_{0.61}$C $r_{0.13}$] $O_2$ (CR850), respectively.y...y..vely.y...y..

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.68-71
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• 2003

Correlation between rice yield loss and infection time of neck blast after panicle emergence was analyzed in paddy fields at Icheon in 1999 and 2000. As the neck blast occurred at early heading stage, the yield loss of a early maturity variety, Jinmibyeo, ranged from 83.9% to 81.6%, while it ranged from 44.3% to 33.1% when the disease developed 30 days after heading. The regression equations of yield loss(y) caused by the neck blast infection time(x) in Jinmibyeo were y =1.2717x + 79.523(R2 = 0.9487) and y = 1.6872x + 74.545(R2 = 0.7993) in 1999 and 2000. In a mid-lately maturity variety, Chucheongbyeo, yield loss ranged from 64.9% to 47.8% when the disease developed at early heading stage. While it ranged from 29.1% to 8.9% when the disease occurred 40 days after heading. The regression equations of yield loss caused by the disease in Chucheongbyeo were y= 1.2717x + 79.523($R^2$ = 0.9487) and y = 1.6872x + 74.545(($R^2$ = 0.7993) in 1999 and 2000. Weights of 1,000 rice grains of Jinmibyeo and Chucheongbyeo were also drastically decreased to 38.3% and 57.3%, respectively, compared to healthy control when the disease occurred at early heading stage. However, weights of the two cultivars were 87.6% and 92.9% compared to control when the disease developed after 40 days of heading. Results indicated that there is a highly negative correlation between rice yield loss and infection time of the neck blast.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the enzymatic hydrolysis of mannitol using Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L, Celluclast$^{(R)}$ 1.5 L, Saczyme$^{(R)}$, Novozym$^{(R)}$, Fungamyl$^{(R)}$ 800 L, Driselase$^{(R)}$ Basidiomycetes sp., and Alginate Lyase, and to optimize of reaction conditions for production of reducing sugar. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design was used to study effects of the independent variables such as enzyme (1-9% v/w), reaction time (10-30 h), pH (3.0-7.0) and reaction temperature ($30-70^{\circ}C$) on production of reducing sugar from mannitol. The coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of $Y_1$ (yield of reducing sugar by Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L) and $Y_3$ (yield of reducing sugar by Saczyme$^{(R)}$) for the dependent variable regression equation was analyzed as 0.985 and 0.814. And the p-value of $Y_1$ and $Y_3$ showing 0.000 and 0.001 within 1% (p < 0.01), respectively, was very significant. The optimum conditions for production of reducing sugar with Viscozyme$^{(R)}$ L were 9.0 % (v/w) amount of enzyme, 30.0 hours of reaction time, pH 4.5 and $30.0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, and those with Saczyme$^{(R)}$ were 9.0% (v/w) of amount of enzyme dosage, 30.0 h of reaction time, pH 7.0 and $30.0^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, consequently, the predicted reducing sugar yields were 22.5 and 27.9 mg/g-mannitol, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2021

Objectives : The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a global medical crisis imposing particular burden on public sector employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychiatric distress among public sector workers amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study with 531 public sector workers in Gwangmyung city who completed Korean versions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean (IES-R-K). Results : The results revealed more than moderate levels of stress (85.2%), depressive symptoms (22.2%), and posttraumatic stress symptoms (38.8%). PSS total score was significantly correlated with PHQ-9, IES-R-K total scores as well as IES-R-K subscale scores. Total scores on the PSS, PHQ-9, and IES-R-K were all inversely correlated with age. Conclusions : COVID-19-related workers experience considerable stress and depressive symptoms, with self-rated stress correlating significantly with depression scores. Age may serve as a protective factor against occupational stress and burnout. These findings highlight the need for adequate psychiatric screening and intervention for public sector workers.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.139-150
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• 2017

In Korea, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an pivotal role in the national economy, accounting for 99.9% of all enterprises, 87.9% of total employment, and 48.3% of production. In spite of their crucial role in the national development, most of SMEs suffer from a lack of R&D related resources. Public R&D organizations such as government-funded research institutes can provide SMEs with valuable supplementary technological knowledge and help them build technological capacity. In this regard, this study estimated the effect of internal R&D investment and private-public R&D cooperation on technological innovation of ICT SMEs based on 2016 ETRI Survey. Building on previous literatures, the study established and tested a research model using binary logistic regression analysis. First, internal R&D investment and preferences for open innovation demonstrated the strengthening of R&D collaboration. Second, internal R&D investment and R&D cooperation showed a positive effect on both product and process innovation. Therefore, internal R&D capability and taking advantage of R&D collaboration are needed to achieve technological innovation for SMEs in ICT sector. This study also discuss implications for encouraging private-public R&D cooperation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.744-750
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• 2003

The performance of adiabatic capillary tubes are measured to provide the database for a generalized correlation. Test conditions and capillary tube geometries are selected to cover a wide range typically observed in air-conditioning and heat pump applications. Based on extensive experimental data for R22, R290, and R407C measured in this study, a generalized correlation for refrigerant flow rate in adiabatic capillary tubes is developed by implementing dimensionless parameters for tube inlet conditions, capillary tube geometry, and refrigerant properties. The correlation yields good agreement with the present data for R22, R290, and R407C with average and standard deviations of 0.9% and 5.0%, respectively. In addition, approximately 97% of the data for Rl2, R134a, R152a, R410A, and R600a obtained in the open literature are correlated within a relative deviation of $\pm$ 15%.